1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
31 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
32 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
35 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
36 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
40 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
41 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
42 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
43 since it was bumped so recently.
46 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
47 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
48 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
49 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
52 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
53 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
54 requires a clean build.
57 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
58 instructions can be found at
59 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
60 and other documents in that repo.
63 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
64 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
65 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
66 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
69 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
70 may be installed from ports or packages.
73 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
74 See ping(8) for details.
77 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
78 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
79 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
81 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
82 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
83 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
84 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
85 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
88 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
89 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
90 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
91 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
92 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
96 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
97 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
98 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
99 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
101 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
102 command you want to un-auger the tree is
105 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
106 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
109 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
110 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
111 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
112 unless you want to use new features.
114 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
115 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
116 rebuilding world may fail.
118 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
119 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
121 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
122 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
123 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
124 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
127 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
128 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
129 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
130 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
133 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
134 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
138 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
139 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
142 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
143 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
144 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
145 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
148 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
149 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
150 from sources, so a version bump was done.
153 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
154 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
155 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
156 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
159 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
160 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
161 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
162 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
163 continue to function.
165 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
166 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
167 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
168 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
171 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
172 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
173 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
174 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
175 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
176 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
177 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
180 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
181 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
184 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
185 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
186 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
189 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
190 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
191 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
192 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
194 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
195 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
196 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
197 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
201 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
202 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
203 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
204 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
207 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
208 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
211 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
212 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
213 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
214 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
215 be functional without closefrom(2).
218 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
219 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
220 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
221 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
222 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
223 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
226 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
227 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
228 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
229 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
232 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
233 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
234 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
237 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
240 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
241 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
242 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
245 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
246 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
249 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
250 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
251 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
255 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
256 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
260 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
261 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
262 together with their new kernel.
265 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
266 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
267 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
269 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
270 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
273 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
277 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
278 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
279 external toolchain package.
282 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
283 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
284 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
285 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
286 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
289 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
290 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
291 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
292 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
295 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
296 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
297 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
301 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
304 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
305 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
306 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
307 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
310 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
311 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
312 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
315 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
316 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
317 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
318 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
319 differences between those included in the port and those included in
320 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
321 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
322 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
325 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
326 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
330 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
331 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
332 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
333 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
334 add superio to the set.
337 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
338 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
341 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
342 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
343 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
344 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
345 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
346 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
347 completely in the future.
350 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
351 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
352 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
353 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
354 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
355 will be removed from the list.
358 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
359 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
360 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
361 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
364 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
365 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
366 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
367 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
370 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
371 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
372 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
373 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
376 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
377 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
378 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
381 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
382 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
383 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
384 your scripts, because they had no effect.
386 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
387 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
388 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
389 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
390 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
393 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
394 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
395 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
396 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
397 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
398 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
399 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
402 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
403 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
404 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
405 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
408 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
409 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
410 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
411 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
414 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
415 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
416 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
419 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
420 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
421 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
422 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
423 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
424 avoid running into the limit.
427 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
428 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
431 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
432 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
433 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
434 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
435 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
436 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
439 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
440 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
443 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
444 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
445 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
446 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
447 availability properties.
449 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
450 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
451 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
452 initial condition, if desired.
454 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
455 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
457 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
458 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
459 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
460 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
463 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
464 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
465 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
466 therefore unblocked).
469 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
470 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
471 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
472 is added to the command line.
473 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
474 not affected and should continue to work.
477 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
478 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
479 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
480 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
483 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
484 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
485 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
489 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
490 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
494 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
495 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
496 migrating to the drm ports.
499 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
500 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
501 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
502 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
503 is loaded automatically.
506 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
507 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
508 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
512 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
513 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
514 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
515 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
518 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
519 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
520 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
521 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
522 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
526 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
527 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
528 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
530 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
531 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
533 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
534 removed from the mips port.
537 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
538 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
539 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
543 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
544 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
547 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
548 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
549 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
550 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
553 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
554 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
555 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
558 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
559 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
560 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
564 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
565 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
566 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
568 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
569 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
570 being included using the command:
574 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
575 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
578 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
579 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
580 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
581 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
582 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
583 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
584 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
585 that as you will get better support.
587 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
588 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
589 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
590 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
592 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
593 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
594 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
595 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
599 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
600 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
601 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
602 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
603 be adjusted as necessary.
606 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
607 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
608 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
609 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
612 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
613 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
614 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
615 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
619 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
620 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
621 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
622 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
626 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
627 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
628 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
629 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
630 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
631 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
634 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
635 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
636 default since FreeBSD-11.
639 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
640 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
641 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
644 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
645 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
646 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
647 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
648 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
649 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
650 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
652 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
653 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
656 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
657 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
658 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
659 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
660 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
661 may not be observed in a future release.
664 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
665 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
669 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
670 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
671 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
672 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
675 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
676 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
677 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
678 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
682 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
683 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
684 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
687 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
688 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
689 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
690 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
691 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
694 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
695 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
696 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
697 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
698 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
699 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
702 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
703 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
704 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
708 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
709 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
710 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
713 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
714 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
715 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
716 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
717 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
718 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
719 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
720 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
721 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
722 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
726 Big endian arm support has been removed.
729 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
730 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
731 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
732 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
733 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
736 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
737 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
738 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
739 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
740 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
741 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
744 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
745 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
748 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
749 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
750 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
751 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
752 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
753 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
754 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
757 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
758 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
759 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
763 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
764 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
765 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
769 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
770 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
773 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
774 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
778 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
779 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
780 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
781 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
784 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
785 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
786 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
790 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
791 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
792 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
796 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
797 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
798 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
799 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
800 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
801 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
804 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
805 workaround is necessary.
808 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
809 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
810 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
811 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
814 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
815 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
816 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
817 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
818 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
821 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
822 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
823 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
824 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
827 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
828 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
829 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
833 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
834 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
838 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
839 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
843 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
844 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
845 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
846 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
847 microseconds and time zone offsets.
849 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
850 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
851 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
852 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
853 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
854 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
855 adjustments, depending on the software used.
857 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
858 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
861 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
864 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
865 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
866 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
868 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
870 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
871 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
872 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
873 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
874 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
875 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
876 thus expected to continue to function as before.
878 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
882 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
883 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
884 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
887 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
888 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
889 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
890 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
891 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
892 should be as simple as:
894 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
895 $ make depend all install
898 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
899 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
900 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
901 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
902 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
903 provisions for backup boot methods.
906 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
907 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
908 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
912 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
913 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
914 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
918 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
919 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
920 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
922 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
923 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
926 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
927 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
928 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
929 remove it from kernel config files.
932 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
933 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
934 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
936 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
937 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
940 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
941 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
942 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
943 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
946 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
947 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
950 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
951 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
952 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
953 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
956 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
957 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
958 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
959 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
960 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
961 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
964 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
965 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
966 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
969 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
970 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
971 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
972 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
973 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
976 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
977 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
978 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
979 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
980 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
984 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
985 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
986 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
987 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
988 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
989 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
990 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
991 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
992 than hardcoding paths.
995 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
996 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
997 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1000 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1001 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1002 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1003 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1006 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1007 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1010 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1011 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1012 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1013 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1016 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1017 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1018 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1019 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1020 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1023 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1024 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1025 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1026 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1030 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1031 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1032 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1033 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1034 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1037 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1038 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1041 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1042 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1046 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1047 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1051 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1052 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1053 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1054 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1056 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1057 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1058 sandbox if successful.
1060 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1061 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1062 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1063 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1064 an unprivileged user.
1067 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1068 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1069 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1070 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1071 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1072 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1073 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1074 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1075 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1076 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1077 to which you should answer yes.
1080 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1081 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1082 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1083 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1084 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1087 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1088 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1089 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1092 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1093 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1096 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1097 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1098 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1099 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1100 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1101 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1102 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1105 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1106 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1107 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1108 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1109 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1110 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1113 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1114 if you require the GPL compiler.
1117 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1118 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1119 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1122 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1123 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1124 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1128 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1129 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1130 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1131 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1132 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1133 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1136 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1137 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1138 which only require one chipset support.
1140 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1144 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1145 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1146 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1148 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1149 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1152 * load the chip modules in question
1153 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1155 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1156 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1158 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1161 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1162 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1163 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1165 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1166 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1167 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1169 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1170 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1171 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1172 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1173 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1174 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1175 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1176 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1179 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1180 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1181 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1184 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1185 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1186 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1189 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1190 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1191 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1192 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1193 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1194 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1195 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1198 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1199 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1200 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1201 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1204 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1205 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1206 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1209 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1210 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1211 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1214 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1215 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1217 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1218 via one of the following methods:
1219 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1220 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1221 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1222 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1224 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1227 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1228 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1229 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1230 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1234 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1235 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1236 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1237 be prefixed with colon.
1240 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1241 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1242 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1245 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1246 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1247 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1250 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1251 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1252 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1256 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1260 MCA bus support has been removed.
1263 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1264 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1267 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1268 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1271 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1272 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1273 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1277 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1278 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1279 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1282 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1283 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1284 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1287 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1288 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1289 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1292 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1293 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1294 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1295 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1298 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1299 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1301 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1302 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1305 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1306 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1307 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1311 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1312 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1313 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1316 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1317 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1320 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1321 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1322 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1323 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1326 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1327 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1328 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1329 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1330 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1333 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1336 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1337 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1338 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1339 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1342 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1343 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1344 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1348 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1349 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1350 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1351 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1352 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1356 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1357 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1360 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1363 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1364 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1365 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1366 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1367 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1368 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1372 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1373 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1374 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1375 previously contained a line like
1376 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1377 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1378 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1382 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1383 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1384 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1385 built with the old headers.
1388 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1389 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1390 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1391 installing a new libc.
1394 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1395 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1396 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1397 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1398 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1399 packages will be needed.
1401 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1402 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1403 and the install steps.
1406 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1407 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1408 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1409 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1410 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1411 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1414 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1415 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1416 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1417 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1418 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1420 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1421 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1422 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1423 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1424 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1426 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1427 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1428 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1429 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1430 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1431 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1434 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1435 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1436 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1437 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1438 quirks entry to 0x3.
1441 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1442 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1443 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1446 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1447 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1450 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1451 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1452 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1453 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1454 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1455 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1456 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1457 stale .depend files.
1460 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1461 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1462 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1466 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1467 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1468 make -C sys/boot install
1469 <reboot in single user>
1471 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1475 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1476 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1477 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1480 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1481 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1482 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1483 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1484 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1485 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1488 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1489 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1490 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1491 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1492 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1495 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1496 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1497 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1498 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1499 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1502 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1503 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1506 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1507 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1508 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1511 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1512 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1513 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1517 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1518 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1519 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1520 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1521 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1522 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1525 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1526 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1527 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1528 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1532 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1533 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1534 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1537 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1538 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1539 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1541 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1542 collation results will be different.
1544 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1545 locales before running make installworld.
1547 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1550 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1551 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1554 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1555 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1556 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1559 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1560 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1561 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1562 and 'make -N' will not.
1565 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1566 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1567 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1568 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1569 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1570 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1571 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1572 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1575 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1576 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1577 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1578 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1581 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1582 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1583 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1586 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1587 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1588 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1589 userland debug files.
1591 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1592 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1593 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1595 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1596 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1599 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1600 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1601 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1602 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1603 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1604 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1607 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1608 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1609 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1612 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1613 them, the kernel must have
1616 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1618 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1619 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1620 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1621 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1623 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1624 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1627 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1628 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1629 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1632 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1633 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1634 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1635 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1637 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1638 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1639 difference with this change.
1641 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1642 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1643 remove that workaround.
1646 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1647 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1648 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1651 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1654 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1655 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1656 loader.rc.local instead.
1659 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1660 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1661 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1664 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1665 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1666 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1668 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1669 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1672 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1673 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1674 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1675 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1676 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1677 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1678 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1679 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1680 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1681 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1682 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1683 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1686 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1687 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1689 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1690 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1691 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1693 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1694 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1696 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1697 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1698 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1700 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1701 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1702 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1703 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1705 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1706 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1707 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1708 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1710 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1711 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1712 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1713 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1714 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1715 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1716 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1717 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1721 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1722 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1725 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1726 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1729 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1730 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1731 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1732 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1733 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1736 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1737 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1738 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1739 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1742 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1743 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1744 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1745 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1746 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1747 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1748 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1750 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1751 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1752 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1753 replace it with '2'.
1754 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1755 a file path, create a new file with:
1756 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1757 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1758 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1759 5. Restart sendmail:
1760 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1762 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1766 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1767 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1768 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1769 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1772 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1775 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1776 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1777 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1780 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1781 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1784 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1785 same but content is different now
1786 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1787 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1788 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1789 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1790 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1793 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1794 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1795 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1798 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1799 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1802 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1803 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1806 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1807 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1808 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1811 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1812 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1813 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1814 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1817 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1818 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1819 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1822 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1823 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1824 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1825 kernel before rebooting.
1828 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1829 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1830 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1831 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1832 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1833 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1836 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1837 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1838 with the new kernel.
1841 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1842 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1843 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1846 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1847 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1848 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1849 are not already using 3.5.0.
1852 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1853 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1854 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1855 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1856 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1859 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1860 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1861 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1862 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1865 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1866 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1869 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1871 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1872 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1873 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1874 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1875 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1876 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1879 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1880 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1883 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1884 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1885 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1886 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1888 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1889 the instructions for 9.x above.
1891 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1892 default, and do not build clang.
1894 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1895 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1896 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1898 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1899 the following are most likely to appear:
1903 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1904 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1905 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1906 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1907 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1908 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1909 cast, or disable the warning.
1911 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1912 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1913 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1914 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1917 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1918 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1920 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1921 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1922 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1923 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1925 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1926 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1927 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1928 unreachable could be optimized away.
1931 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1932 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1933 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1934 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1935 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1936 the utilities will report errors.
1939 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1940 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1941 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1942 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1943 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1947 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1948 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1951 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1952 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1953 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1956 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1957 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1958 indicate what you need to do.
1960 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1961 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1962 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1964 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1965 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1969 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1970 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1974 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1975 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1979 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1983 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1984 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1985 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1986 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1987 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1988 their next update cycle.
1991 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1992 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1993 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1994 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1998 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1999 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2002 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2003 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2004 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2005 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2006 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2010 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2011 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2013 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2016 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2017 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2018 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2019 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2023 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2024 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2028 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2029 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2030 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2031 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2032 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2035 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2036 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2037 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2040 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2041 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2042 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2045 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2046 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2047 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2048 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2049 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2050 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2051 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2052 "make installworld".
2054 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2055 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2056 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2059 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2060 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2061 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2062 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2063 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2066 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2069 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2070 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2074 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2075 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2076 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2077 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2078 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2079 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2080 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2081 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2082 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2083 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2084 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2085 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2087 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2088 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2089 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2093 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2094 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2097 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2098 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2099 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2100 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2101 build hosts for older releases.
2103 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2104 r276991, respectively.
2107 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2108 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2109 will silently lack HESIOD.
2112 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2113 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2114 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2115 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2116 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2117 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2118 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2119 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2120 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2121 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2122 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2123 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2126 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2127 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2128 with command line option -W.
2131 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2132 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2133 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2134 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2135 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2138 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2141 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2142 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2145 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2146 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2147 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2148 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2149 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2152 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2153 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2154 kernel is still highly recommended.
2157 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2158 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2159 capability mode support in kernel.
2162 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2163 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2164 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2165 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2166 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2169 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2170 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2171 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2172 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2173 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2174 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2177 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2178 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2179 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2180 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2181 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2182 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2183 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2184 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2185 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2188 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2189 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2190 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2191 should change your settings to use the latter.
2194 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2195 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2196 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2197 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2198 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2201 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2202 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2203 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2205 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2207 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2210 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2217 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2218 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2219 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2220 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2221 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2222 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2223 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2224 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2226 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2227 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2228 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2229 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2230 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2231 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2232 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2233 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2236 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2237 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2238 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2239 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2242 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2243 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2244 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2245 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2247 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2248 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2249 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2250 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2251 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2252 should write them with this in mind.
2256 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2259 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2260 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2262 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2264 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2265 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2266 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2267 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2270 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2274 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2275 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2276 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2278 make kernel-toolchain
2279 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2280 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2282 To test a kernel once
2283 ---------------------
2284 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2285 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2286 debugging information) run
2287 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2288 nextboot -k testkernel
2290 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2291 -----------------------------------------------------------
2292 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2293 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2295 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2297 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2298 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2300 <reboot in single user> [3]
2307 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2308 --------------------------------------------------
2309 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2310 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2311 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2314 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2317 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2318 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2319 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2320 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2321 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2322 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2323 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2324 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2325 <reboot into current>
2326 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2327 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2331 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2332 ----------------------------------------------
2333 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2335 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2336 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2338 <reboot in single user> [3]
2345 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2346 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2347 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2348 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2349 the UPDATING entries.
2351 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2352 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2353 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2354 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2355 much fewer pitfalls.
2357 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2358 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2359 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2360 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2361 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2362 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2363 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2364 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2366 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2368 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2372 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2373 cd src # full path to source
2374 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2375 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2376 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2378 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2379 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2380 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2381 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2382 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2383 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2384 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2386 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2387 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2388 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2389 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2390 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2391 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2393 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2394 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2395 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2397 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2398 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2399 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2400 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2401 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2402 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2403 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2404 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2406 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2407 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2408 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2411 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2412 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2413 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2415 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2416 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2417 warn if it is improperly defined.
2420 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2421 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2422 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2423 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2424 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2426 Copyright information:
2428 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2430 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2431 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2432 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2434 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2435 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2436 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2437 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2438 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2439 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2440 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2441 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2442 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2443 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2444 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2446 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of