1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17 from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20 FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
24 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
25 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
26 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
30 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
35 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
36 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
37 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
38 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
39 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
42 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
43 zfsloader is no longer necesasary once you've updated your
44 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
45 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
46 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
47 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
50 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
51 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
52 existing systems. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
53 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
54 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
55 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
56 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
57 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
61 Big endian arm support has been removed.
64 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
65 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
66 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
67 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
68 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
71 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
72 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
73 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
74 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
75 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
76 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
79 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
80 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
83 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
84 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
85 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
86 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
87 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
88 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
89 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
92 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
93 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
94 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
98 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
99 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
100 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file.
103 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
104 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
107 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
108 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
109 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
110 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
113 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
114 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
115 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
119 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
120 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
121 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
125 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
126 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
127 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
128 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
129 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
130 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
134 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
135 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was aquired by Exar and
136 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
137 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
140 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
141 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
142 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
143 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
144 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
147 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
148 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
149 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
150 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
153 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
154 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
155 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
159 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
160 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
164 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
165 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
169 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
170 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
171 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
172 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
173 microseconds and time zone offsets.
175 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
176 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
177 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
178 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
179 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
180 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
181 adjustments, depending on the software used.
183 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
184 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
187 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
190 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
191 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
192 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
194 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
196 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
197 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
198 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
199 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
200 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
201 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
202 thus expected to continue to function as before.
204 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
208 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
209 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
210 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
213 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
214 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
215 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
216 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
217 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
218 should be as simple as:
220 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
221 $ make depend all install
224 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
225 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
226 Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
227 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
228 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
229 provisions for backup boot methods.
232 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
233 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
234 be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
237 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
238 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
239 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
243 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
244 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
245 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
247 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
248 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
251 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
252 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
253 needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
254 from kernel config files.
257 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
258 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
259 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
261 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
262 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
265 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
266 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
267 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
268 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
271 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
272 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
275 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
276 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
277 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
278 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
281 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
282 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
283 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
284 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
285 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
286 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
289 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
290 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
291 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
294 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
295 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
296 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
297 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
298 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
301 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
302 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
303 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
304 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
305 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
309 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
310 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
311 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
312 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
313 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
314 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
315 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
316 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
317 than hardcoding paths.
320 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
321 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
322 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
325 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
326 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
327 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
328 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
331 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
332 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
335 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
336 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
337 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
338 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
341 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
342 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
343 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
344 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
345 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
348 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
349 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
350 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
351 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
355 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
356 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
357 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
358 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
359 soft-float everything else should be affected.
362 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
363 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
366 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
367 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
371 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
372 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
376 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
377 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
378 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
379 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
381 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
382 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
383 sandbox if successful.
385 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
386 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
387 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
388 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
389 an unprivileged user.
392 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
393 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
394 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
395 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
396 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
397 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
398 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
399 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
400 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
401 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
402 to which you should answer yes.
405 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
406 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
407 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
408 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
409 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
412 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
413 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
414 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
417 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
418 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
421 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
422 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
423 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
424 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
425 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
426 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
427 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
430 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
431 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
432 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
433 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
434 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
435 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
438 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
439 if you require the GPL compiler.
442 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
443 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
444 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
447 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
448 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
449 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
453 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
454 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
455 from ports (and recommends to install it).
456 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
457 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
458 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
461 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
462 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
463 which only require one chipset support.
465 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
469 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
470 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
471 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
473 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
474 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
477 * load the chip modules in question
478 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
480 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
481 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
483 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
486 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
487 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
488 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
490 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
491 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
492 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
494 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
495 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the
496 full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
497 everything and install it on the current system." Specifically,
498 a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
502 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
503 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
504 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
507 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
508 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
509 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
512 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
513 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
514 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
515 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
516 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
517 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
518 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
521 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
522 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
523 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
524 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
527 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
528 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
529 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
532 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
533 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
534 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
537 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
538 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
540 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
541 via one of the following methods:
542 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
543 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
544 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
545 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
547 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
550 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
551 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
552 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
553 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
557 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
558 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
559 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
560 be prefixed with colon.
563 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
564 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
565 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
568 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
569 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
570 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
573 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
574 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
575 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
579 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
583 MCA bus support has been removed.
586 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
587 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
590 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
591 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
594 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
595 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
596 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
599 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
600 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
601 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
604 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
605 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
606 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
609 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
610 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
611 that link against it need to be recompiled.
614 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
615 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
616 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
617 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
620 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
621 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
623 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
624 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
627 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
628 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
629 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
633 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
634 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
635 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
638 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
639 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
642 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
643 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
644 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
645 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
648 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
649 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
650 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
651 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
652 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
655 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
658 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
659 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
660 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
661 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
664 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
665 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
666 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
670 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
671 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
672 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
673 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
674 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
678 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
679 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
682 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
685 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
686 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
687 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
688 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
689 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
690 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
694 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
695 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
696 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
697 previously contained a line like
698 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
699 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
700 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
704 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
705 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
706 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
707 built with the old headers.
710 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
711 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
712 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
713 installing a new libc.
716 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
717 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
718 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
719 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
720 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
721 packages will be needed.
723 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
724 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
725 and the install steps.
728 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
729 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
730 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
731 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
732 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
733 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
736 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
737 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
738 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
739 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
740 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
742 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
743 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
744 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
745 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
746 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
748 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
749 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
750 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
751 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
752 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
753 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
756 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
757 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
758 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
759 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
763 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
764 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
765 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
768 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
769 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
772 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
773 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
774 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
775 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
776 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
777 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
778 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
782 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
783 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
784 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
788 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
789 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
790 make -C sys/boot install
791 <reboot in single user>
793 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
797 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
798 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
799 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
802 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
803 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
804 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
805 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
806 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
807 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
810 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
811 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
812 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
813 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
814 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
817 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
818 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
819 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
820 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
821 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
824 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
825 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
828 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
829 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
830 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
833 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
834 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
835 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
839 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
840 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
841 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
842 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
843 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
844 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
847 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
848 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
849 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
850 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
854 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
855 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
856 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
859 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
860 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
861 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
863 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
864 collation results will be different.
866 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
867 locales before running make installworld.
869 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
872 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
873 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
876 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
877 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
878 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
881 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
882 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
883 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
884 and 'make -N' will not.
887 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
888 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
889 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
890 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
891 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
892 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
893 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
894 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
897 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
898 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
899 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
900 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
903 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
904 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
905 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
908 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
909 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
910 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
911 userland debug files.
913 When using the supported kernel installation method the
914 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
915 as is done with /boot/kernel.
917 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
918 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
921 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
922 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
923 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
924 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
925 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
926 rc.d scripts in /etc.
929 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
930 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
931 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
934 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
935 them, the kernel must have
938 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
940 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
941 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
942 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
943 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
945 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
946 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
949 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
950 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
951 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
954 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
955 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
956 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
957 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
959 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
960 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
961 difference with this change.
963 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
964 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
965 remove that workaround.
968 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
969 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
970 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
973 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
976 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
977 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
978 loader.rc.local instead.
981 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
982 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
983 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
986 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
987 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
988 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
990 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
991 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
994 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
995 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
996 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
997 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
998 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
999 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1000 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1001 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1002 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1003 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1004 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1005 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1008 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1009 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1011 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1012 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1013 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1015 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1016 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1018 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1019 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1020 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1022 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1023 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1024 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1025 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1027 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1028 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1029 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1030 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1032 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1033 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1034 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1035 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1036 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1037 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1038 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1039 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1043 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1044 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1047 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1048 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1051 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1052 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1053 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1054 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1055 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1058 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1059 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1060 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1061 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1064 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1065 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1066 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1067 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1068 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1069 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1070 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1072 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1073 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1074 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1075 replace it with '2'.
1076 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1077 a file path, create a new file with:
1078 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1079 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1080 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1081 5. Restart sendmail:
1082 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1084 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1088 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1089 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1090 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1091 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1094 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1097 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1098 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1099 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1102 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1103 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1106 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1107 same but content is different now
1108 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1109 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1110 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1111 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1112 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1115 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1116 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1117 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1120 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1121 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1124 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1125 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1128 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1129 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1130 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1133 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1134 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1135 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1136 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1139 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1140 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1141 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1144 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1145 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1146 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1147 kernel before rebooting.
1150 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1151 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1152 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1153 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1154 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1155 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1158 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1159 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1160 with the new kernel.
1163 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1164 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1165 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1168 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1169 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1170 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1171 are not already using 3.5.0.
1174 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1175 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1176 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1177 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1178 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1181 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1182 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1183 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1184 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1187 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1188 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1191 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1193 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1194 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1195 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1196 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1197 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1198 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1201 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1202 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1205 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1206 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1207 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1208 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1210 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1211 the instructions for 9.x above.
1213 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1214 default, and do not build clang.
1216 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1217 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1218 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1220 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1221 the following are most likely to appear:
1225 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1226 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1227 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1228 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1229 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1230 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1231 cast, or disable the warning.
1233 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1234 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1235 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1236 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1239 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1240 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1242 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1243 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1244 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1245 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1247 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1248 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1249 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1250 unreachable could be optimized away.
1253 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1254 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1255 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1256 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1257 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1258 the utilities will report errors.
1261 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1262 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1263 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1264 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1265 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1269 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1270 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1273 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1274 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1275 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1278 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1279 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1280 indicate what you need to do.
1282 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1283 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1284 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1286 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1287 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1291 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1292 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1296 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1297 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1301 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1305 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1306 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1307 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1308 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1309 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1310 their next update cycle.
1313 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1314 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1315 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1316 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1320 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1321 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1324 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1325 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1326 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1327 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1328 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1332 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1333 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1335 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1338 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1339 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1340 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1341 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1345 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1346 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1350 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1351 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1352 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1353 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1354 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1357 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1358 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1359 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1362 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1363 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1364 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1367 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1368 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1369 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1370 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1371 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1372 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1373 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1374 "make installworld".
1376 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1377 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1378 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1381 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1382 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1383 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1384 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1385 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1388 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1391 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1392 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1396 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1397 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1398 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1399 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1400 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1401 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1402 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1403 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1404 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1405 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1406 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1407 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1409 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1410 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1411 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1415 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1416 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1419 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1420 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1421 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1422 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1423 build hosts for older releases.
1425 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1426 r276991, respectively.
1429 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1430 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1431 will silently lack HESIOD.
1434 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1435 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1436 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1437 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1438 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1439 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1440 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1441 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1442 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1443 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1444 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1445 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1448 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1449 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1450 with command line option -W.
1453 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1454 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1455 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1456 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1457 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1460 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1463 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1464 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1467 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1468 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1469 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1470 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1471 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1474 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1475 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1476 kernel is still highly recommended.
1479 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1480 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1481 capability mode support in kernel.
1484 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1485 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1486 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1487 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1488 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1491 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1492 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1493 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1494 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1495 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1496 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1499 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1500 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1501 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1502 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1503 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1504 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1505 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1506 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1507 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1510 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1511 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1512 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1513 should change your settings to use the latter.
1516 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1517 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1518 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1519 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1520 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1523 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1524 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1525 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1527 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1529 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1532 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1539 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1540 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1541 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1542 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1543 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1544 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1545 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1547 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1548 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1549 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1550 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1551 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1553 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1554 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1555 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1556 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1557 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1558 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1559 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1560 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1563 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1564 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1565 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1566 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1568 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1569 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1570 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1571 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1572 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1573 should write them with this in mind.
1577 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1580 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1581 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1583 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1585 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1586 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1587 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1589 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1593 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1594 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1595 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1597 make kernel-toolchain
1598 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1599 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1601 To test a kernel once
1602 ---------------------
1603 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1604 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1605 debugging information) run
1606 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1607 nextboot -k testkernel
1609 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1610 -----------------------------------------------------------
1611 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1612 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1614 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1616 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1617 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1619 <reboot in single user> [3]
1626 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1627 --------------------------------------------------
1628 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1629 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1630 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1633 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1636 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1637 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1638 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1639 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1640 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1641 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1642 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1643 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1644 <reboot into current>
1645 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1646 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1650 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1651 ----------------------------------------------
1652 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1654 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1655 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1657 <reboot in single user> [3]
1664 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1665 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1666 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1667 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1668 the UPDATING entries.
1670 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1671 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1672 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1673 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1674 much fewer pitfalls.
1676 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1677 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1680 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1685 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1686 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1687 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1689 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1690 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1691 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1692 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1693 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1694 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1695 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1697 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
1698 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1699 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1700 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1701 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1702 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1704 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1705 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1706 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1708 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1709 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1710 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1711 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1712 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1713 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1715 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1716 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1718 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1719 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1720 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1722 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1723 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1724 warn if it is improperly defined.
1727 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1728 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1729 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1730 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1731 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1733 Copyright information:
1735 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1737 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1738 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1739 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1741 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1742 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1743 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1744 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1745 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1746 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1747 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1748 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1749 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1750 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1751 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1753 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of