1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
31 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
32 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
33 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
36 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
40 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
41 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
42 external toolchain package.
45 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
46 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
47 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
48 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
49 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
52 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
53 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
54 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
55 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
58 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
59 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
60 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
64 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
67 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
68 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
69 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
70 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
73 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
74 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
75 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
78 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
79 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
80 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
81 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
82 differences between those included in the port and those included in
83 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
84 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
85 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
88 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
89 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
93 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
94 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
95 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
96 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
97 add superio to the set.
100 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
101 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
104 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
105 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
106 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
107 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
108 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
109 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
110 completely in the future.
113 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
114 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
115 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
116 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
117 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
118 will be removed from the list.
121 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
122 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
123 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
124 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
127 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
128 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
129 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
130 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
133 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
134 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
135 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
136 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
139 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
140 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
141 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
144 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
145 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
146 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
147 your scripts, because they had no effect.
149 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
150 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
151 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
152 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
153 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
156 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
157 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
158 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
159 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
160 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
161 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
162 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
165 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
166 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
167 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
168 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
171 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
172 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
173 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
174 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
177 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
178 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
179 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
182 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
183 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
184 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
185 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
186 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
187 avoid running into the limit.
190 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
191 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
194 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
195 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
196 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
197 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
198 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
199 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
202 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
203 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
206 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
207 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
208 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
209 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
210 availability properties.
212 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
213 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
214 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
215 initial condition, if desired.
217 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
218 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
220 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
221 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
222 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
223 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
226 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
227 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
228 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
229 therefore unblocked).
232 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
233 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
234 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
235 is added to the command line.
236 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
237 not affected and should continue to work.
240 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
241 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
242 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
243 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
246 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
247 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
248 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
252 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
253 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
257 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
258 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
259 migrating to the drm ports.
262 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
263 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
264 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
265 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
266 is loaded automatically.
269 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
270 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
271 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
275 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
276 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
277 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
278 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
281 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
282 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
283 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
284 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
285 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
289 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
290 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
291 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
293 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
294 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
296 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
297 removed from the mips port.
300 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
301 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
302 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
306 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
307 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
310 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
311 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
312 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
313 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
316 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
317 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
318 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
321 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
322 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
323 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
327 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
328 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
329 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
331 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
332 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
333 being included using the command:
337 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
338 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
341 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
342 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
343 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
344 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
345 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
346 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
347 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
348 that as you will get better support.
350 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
351 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
352 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
353 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
355 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
356 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
357 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
358 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
362 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
363 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
364 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
365 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
366 be adjusted as necessary.
369 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
370 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
371 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
372 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
375 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
376 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
377 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
378 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
382 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
383 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
384 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
385 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
389 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
390 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
391 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
392 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
393 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
394 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
397 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
398 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
399 default since FreeBSD-11.
402 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
403 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
404 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
407 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
408 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
409 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
410 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
411 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
412 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
413 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
415 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
416 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
419 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
420 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
421 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
422 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
423 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
424 may not be observed in a future release.
427 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
428 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
432 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
433 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
434 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
435 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
438 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
439 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
440 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
441 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
445 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
446 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
447 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
450 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
451 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
452 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
453 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
454 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
457 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
458 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
459 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
460 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
461 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
462 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
465 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
466 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
467 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
471 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
472 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
473 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
476 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
477 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
478 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
479 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
480 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
481 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
482 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
483 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
484 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
485 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
489 Big endian arm support has been removed.
492 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
493 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
494 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
495 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
496 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
499 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
500 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
501 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
502 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
503 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
504 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
507 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
508 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
511 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
512 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
513 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
514 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
515 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
516 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
517 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
520 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
521 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
522 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
526 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
527 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
528 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
532 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
533 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
536 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
537 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
541 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
542 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
543 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
544 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
547 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
548 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
549 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
553 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
554 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
555 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
559 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
560 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
561 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
562 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
563 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
564 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
567 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
568 workaround is necessary.
571 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
572 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
573 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
574 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
577 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
578 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
579 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
580 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
581 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
584 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
585 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
586 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
587 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
590 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
591 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
592 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
596 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
597 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
601 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
602 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
606 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
607 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
608 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
609 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
610 microseconds and time zone offsets.
612 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
613 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
614 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
615 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
616 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
617 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
618 adjustments, depending on the software used.
620 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
621 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
624 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
627 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
628 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
629 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
631 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
633 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
634 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
635 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
636 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
637 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
638 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
639 thus expected to continue to function as before.
641 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
645 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
646 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
647 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
650 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
651 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
652 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
653 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
654 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
655 should be as simple as:
657 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
658 $ make depend all install
661 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
662 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
663 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
664 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
665 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
666 provisions for backup boot methods.
669 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
670 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
671 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
675 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
676 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
677 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
681 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
682 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
683 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
685 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
686 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
689 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
690 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
691 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
692 remove it from kernel config files.
695 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
696 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
697 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
699 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
700 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
703 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
704 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
705 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
706 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
709 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
710 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
713 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
714 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
715 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
716 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
719 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
720 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
721 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
722 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
723 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
724 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
727 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
728 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
729 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
732 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
733 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
734 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
735 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
736 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
739 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
740 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
741 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
742 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
743 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
747 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
748 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
749 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
750 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
751 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
752 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
753 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
754 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
755 than hardcoding paths.
758 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
759 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
760 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
763 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
764 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
765 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
766 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
769 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
770 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
773 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
774 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
775 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
776 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
779 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
780 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
781 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
782 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
783 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
786 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
787 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
788 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
789 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
793 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
794 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
795 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
796 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
797 soft-float everything else should be affected.
800 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
801 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
804 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
805 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
809 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
810 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
814 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
815 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
816 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
817 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
819 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
820 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
821 sandbox if successful.
823 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
824 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
825 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
826 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
827 an unprivileged user.
830 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
831 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
832 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
833 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
834 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
835 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
836 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
837 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
838 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
839 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
840 to which you should answer yes.
843 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
844 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
845 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
846 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
847 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
850 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
851 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
852 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
855 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
856 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
859 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
860 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
861 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
862 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
863 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
864 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
865 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
868 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
869 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
870 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
871 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
872 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
873 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
876 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
877 if you require the GPL compiler.
880 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
881 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
882 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
885 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
886 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
887 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
891 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
892 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
893 from ports (and recommends to install it).
894 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
895 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
896 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
899 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
900 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
901 which only require one chipset support.
903 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
907 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
908 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
909 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
911 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
912 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
915 * load the chip modules in question
916 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
918 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
919 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
921 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
924 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
925 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
926 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
928 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
929 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
930 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
932 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
933 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
934 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
935 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
936 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
937 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
938 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
939 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
942 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
943 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
944 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
947 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
948 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
949 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
952 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
953 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
954 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
955 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
956 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
957 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
958 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
961 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
962 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
963 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
964 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
967 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
968 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
969 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
972 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
973 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
974 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
977 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
978 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
980 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
981 via one of the following methods:
982 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
983 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
984 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
985 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
987 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
990 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
991 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
992 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
993 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
997 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
998 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
999 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1000 be prefixed with colon.
1003 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1004 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1005 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1008 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1009 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1010 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1013 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1014 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1015 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1019 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1023 MCA bus support has been removed.
1026 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1027 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1030 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1031 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1034 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1035 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1036 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1040 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1041 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1042 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1045 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1046 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1047 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1050 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1051 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1052 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1055 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1056 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1057 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1058 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1061 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1062 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1064 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1065 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1068 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1069 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1070 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1074 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1075 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1076 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1079 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1080 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1083 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1084 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1085 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1086 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1089 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1090 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1091 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1092 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1093 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1096 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1099 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1100 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1101 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1102 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1105 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1106 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1107 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1111 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1112 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1113 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1114 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1115 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1119 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1120 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1123 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1126 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1127 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1128 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1129 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1130 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1131 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1135 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1136 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1137 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1138 previously contained a line like
1139 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1140 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1141 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1145 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1146 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1147 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1148 built with the old headers.
1151 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1152 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1153 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1154 installing a new libc.
1157 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1158 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1159 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1160 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1161 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1162 packages will be needed.
1164 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1165 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1166 and the install steps.
1169 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1170 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1171 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1172 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1173 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1174 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1177 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1178 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1179 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1180 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1181 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1183 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1184 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1185 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1186 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1187 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1189 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1190 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1191 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1192 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1193 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1194 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1197 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1198 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1199 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1200 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1201 quirks entry to 0x3.
1204 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1205 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1206 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1209 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1210 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1213 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1214 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1215 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1216 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1217 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1218 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1219 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1220 stale .depend files.
1223 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1224 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1225 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1229 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1230 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1231 make -C sys/boot install
1232 <reboot in single user>
1234 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1238 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1239 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1240 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1243 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1244 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1245 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1246 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1247 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1248 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1251 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1252 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1253 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1254 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1255 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1258 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1259 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1260 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1261 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1262 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1265 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1266 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1269 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1270 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1271 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1274 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1275 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1276 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1280 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1281 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1282 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1283 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1284 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1285 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1288 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1289 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1290 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1291 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1295 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1296 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1297 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1300 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1301 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1302 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1304 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1305 collation results will be different.
1307 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1308 locales before running make installworld.
1310 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1313 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1314 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1317 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1318 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1319 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1322 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1323 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1324 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1325 and 'make -N' will not.
1328 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1329 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1330 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1331 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1332 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1333 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1334 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1335 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1338 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1339 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1340 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1341 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1344 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1345 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1346 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1349 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1350 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1351 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1352 userland debug files.
1354 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1355 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1356 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1358 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1359 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1362 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1363 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1364 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1365 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1366 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1367 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1370 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1371 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1372 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1375 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1376 them, the kernel must have
1379 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1381 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1382 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1383 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1384 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1386 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1387 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1390 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1391 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1392 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1395 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1396 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1397 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1398 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1400 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1401 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1402 difference with this change.
1404 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1405 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1406 remove that workaround.
1409 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1410 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1411 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1414 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1417 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1418 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1419 loader.rc.local instead.
1422 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1423 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1424 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1427 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1428 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1429 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1431 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1432 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1435 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1436 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1437 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1438 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1439 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1440 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1441 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1442 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1443 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1444 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1445 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1446 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1449 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1450 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1452 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1453 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1454 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1456 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1457 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1459 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1460 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1461 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1463 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1464 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1465 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1466 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1468 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1469 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1470 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1471 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1473 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1474 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1475 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1476 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1477 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1478 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1479 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1480 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1484 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1485 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1488 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1489 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1492 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1493 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1494 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1495 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1496 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1499 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1500 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1501 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1502 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1505 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1506 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1507 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1508 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1509 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1510 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1511 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1513 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1514 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1515 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1516 replace it with '2'.
1517 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1518 a file path, create a new file with:
1519 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1520 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1521 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1522 5. Restart sendmail:
1523 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1525 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1529 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1530 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1531 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1532 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1535 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1538 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1539 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1540 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1543 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1544 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1547 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1548 same but content is different now
1549 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1550 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1551 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1552 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1553 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1556 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1557 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1558 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1561 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1562 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1565 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1566 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1569 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1570 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1571 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1574 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1575 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1576 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1577 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1580 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1581 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1582 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1585 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1586 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1587 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1588 kernel before rebooting.
1591 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1592 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1593 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1594 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1595 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1596 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1599 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1600 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1601 with the new kernel.
1604 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1605 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1606 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1609 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1610 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1611 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1612 are not already using 3.5.0.
1615 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1616 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1617 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1618 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1619 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1622 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1623 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1624 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1625 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1628 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1629 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1632 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1634 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1635 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1636 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1637 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1638 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1639 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1642 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1643 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1646 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1647 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1648 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1649 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1651 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1652 the instructions for 9.x above.
1654 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1655 default, and do not build clang.
1657 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1658 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1659 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1661 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1662 the following are most likely to appear:
1666 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1667 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1668 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1669 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1670 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1671 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1672 cast, or disable the warning.
1674 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1675 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1676 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1677 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1680 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1681 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1683 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1684 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1685 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1686 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1688 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1689 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1690 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1691 unreachable could be optimized away.
1694 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1695 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1696 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1697 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1698 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1699 the utilities will report errors.
1702 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1703 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1704 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1705 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1706 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1710 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1711 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1714 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1715 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1716 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1719 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1720 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1721 indicate what you need to do.
1723 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1724 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1725 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1727 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1728 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1732 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1733 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1737 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1738 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1742 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1746 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1747 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1748 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1749 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1750 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1751 their next update cycle.
1754 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1755 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1756 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1757 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1761 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1762 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1765 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1766 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1767 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1768 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1769 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1773 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1774 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1776 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1779 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1780 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1781 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1782 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1786 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1787 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1791 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1792 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1793 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1794 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1795 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1798 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1799 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1800 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1803 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1804 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1805 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1808 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1809 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1810 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1811 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1812 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1813 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1814 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1815 "make installworld".
1817 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1818 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1819 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1822 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1823 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1824 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1825 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1826 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1829 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1832 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1833 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1837 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1838 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1839 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1840 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1841 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1842 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1843 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1844 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1845 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1846 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1847 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1848 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1850 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1851 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1852 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1856 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1857 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1860 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1861 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1862 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1863 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1864 build hosts for older releases.
1866 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1867 r276991, respectively.
1870 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1871 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1872 will silently lack HESIOD.
1875 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1876 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1877 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1878 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1879 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1880 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1881 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1882 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1883 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1884 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1885 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1886 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1889 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1890 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1891 with command line option -W.
1894 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1895 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1896 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1897 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1898 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1901 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1904 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1905 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1908 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1909 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1910 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1911 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1912 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1915 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1916 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1917 kernel is still highly recommended.
1920 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1921 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1922 capability mode support in kernel.
1925 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1926 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1927 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1928 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1929 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1932 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1933 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1934 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1935 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1936 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1937 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1940 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1941 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1942 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1943 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1944 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1945 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1946 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1947 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1948 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1951 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1952 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1953 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1954 should change your settings to use the latter.
1957 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1958 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1959 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1960 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1961 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1964 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1965 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1966 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1968 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1970 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1973 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1980 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1981 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1982 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1983 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1984 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1985 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1986 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1987 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1989 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1990 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1991 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1992 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1993 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1994 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1995 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1996 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1999 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2000 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2001 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2002 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2004 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2005 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2006 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2007 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2008 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2009 should write them with this in mind.
2013 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2016 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2017 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2019 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2021 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2022 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2023 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2025 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2029 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2030 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2031 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2033 make kernel-toolchain
2034 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2035 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2037 To test a kernel once
2038 ---------------------
2039 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2040 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2041 debugging information) run
2042 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2043 nextboot -k testkernel
2045 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2046 -----------------------------------------------------------
2047 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2048 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2050 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2052 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2053 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2055 <reboot in single user> [3]
2062 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2063 --------------------------------------------------
2064 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2065 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2066 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2069 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2072 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2073 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2074 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2075 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2076 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2077 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2078 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2079 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2080 <reboot into current>
2081 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2082 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2086 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2087 ----------------------------------------------
2088 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2090 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2091 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2093 <reboot in single user> [3]
2100 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2101 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2102 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2103 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2104 the UPDATING entries.
2106 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2107 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2108 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2109 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2110 much fewer pitfalls.
2112 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2113 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2116 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2120 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2121 cd src # full path to source
2122 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2123 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2124 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2126 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2127 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2128 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2129 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2130 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2131 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2132 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2134 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2135 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2136 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2137 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2138 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2139 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2141 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2142 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2143 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2145 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2146 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2147 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2148 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2149 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2150 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2151 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2152 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2154 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2155 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2156 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2159 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2160 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2161 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2163 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2164 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2165 warn if it is improperly defined.
2168 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2169 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2170 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2171 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2172 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2174 Copyright information:
2176 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2178 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2179 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2180 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2182 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2183 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2184 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2185 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2186 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2187 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2188 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2189 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2190 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2191 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2192 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2194 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of