1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
17 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
18 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
19 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
20 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
21 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
25 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
26 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
28 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
31 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
32 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
36 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
37 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
38 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
39 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
40 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
41 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
44 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
45 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
49 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
52 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
53 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
54 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
55 since it was bumped so recently.
58 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
59 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
60 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
61 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
64 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
65 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
66 requires a clean build.
69 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
70 instructions can be found at
71 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
72 and other documents in that repo.
75 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
76 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
77 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
78 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
81 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
82 may be installed from ports or packages.
85 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
86 See ping(8) for details.
89 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
90 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
91 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
93 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
94 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
95 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
96 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
97 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
100 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
101 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
102 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
103 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
104 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
108 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
109 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
110 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
111 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
113 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
114 command you want to un-auger the tree is
117 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
118 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
121 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
122 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
123 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
124 unless you want to use new features.
126 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
127 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
128 rebuilding world may fail.
130 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
131 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
133 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
134 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
135 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
136 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
139 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
140 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
141 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
142 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
145 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
146 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
150 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
151 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
154 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
155 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
156 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
157 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
160 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
161 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
162 from sources, so a version bump was done.
165 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
166 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
167 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
168 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
171 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
172 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
173 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
174 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
175 continue to function.
177 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
178 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
179 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
180 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
183 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
184 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
185 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
186 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
187 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
188 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
189 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
192 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
193 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
196 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
197 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
198 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
201 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
202 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
203 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
204 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
206 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
207 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
208 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
209 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
213 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
214 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
215 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
216 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
219 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
220 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
223 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
224 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
225 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
226 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
227 be functional without closefrom(2).
230 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
231 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
232 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
233 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
234 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
235 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
238 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
239 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
240 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
241 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
244 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
245 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
246 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
249 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
252 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
253 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
254 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
257 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
258 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
261 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
262 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
263 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
267 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
268 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
272 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
273 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
274 together with their new kernel.
277 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
278 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
279 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
281 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
282 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
285 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
289 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
290 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
291 external toolchain package.
294 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
295 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
296 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
297 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
298 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
301 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
302 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
303 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
304 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
307 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
308 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
309 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
313 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
316 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
317 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
318 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
319 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
322 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
323 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
324 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
327 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
328 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
329 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
330 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
331 differences between those included in the port and those included in
332 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
333 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
334 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
337 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
338 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
342 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
343 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
344 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
345 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
346 add superio to the set.
349 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
350 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
353 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
354 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
355 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
356 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
357 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
358 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
359 completely in the future.
362 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
363 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
364 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
365 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
366 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
367 will be removed from the list.
370 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
371 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
372 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
373 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
376 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
377 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
378 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
379 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
382 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
383 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
384 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
385 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
388 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
389 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
390 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
393 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
394 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
395 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
396 your scripts, because they had no effect.
398 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
399 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
400 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
401 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
402 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
405 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
406 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
407 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
408 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
409 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
410 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
411 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
414 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
415 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
416 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
417 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
420 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
421 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
422 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
423 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
426 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
427 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
428 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
431 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
432 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
433 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
434 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
435 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
436 avoid running into the limit.
439 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
440 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
443 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
444 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
445 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
446 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
447 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
448 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
451 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
452 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
455 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
456 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
457 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
458 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
459 availability properties.
461 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
462 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
463 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
464 initial condition, if desired.
466 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
467 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
469 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
470 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
471 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
472 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
475 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
476 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
477 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
478 therefore unblocked).
481 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
482 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
483 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
484 is added to the command line.
485 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
486 not affected and should continue to work.
489 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
490 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
491 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
492 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
495 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
496 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
497 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
501 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
502 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
506 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
507 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
508 migrating to the drm ports.
511 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
512 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
513 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
514 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
515 is loaded automatically.
518 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
519 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
520 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
524 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
525 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
526 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
527 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
530 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
531 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
532 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
533 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
534 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
538 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
539 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
540 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
542 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
543 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
545 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
546 removed from the mips port.
549 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
550 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
551 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
555 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
556 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
559 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
560 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
561 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
562 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
565 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
566 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
567 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
570 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
571 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
572 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
576 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
577 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
578 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
580 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
581 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
582 being included using the command:
586 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
587 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
590 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
591 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
592 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
593 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
594 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
595 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
596 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
597 that as you will get better support.
599 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
600 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
601 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
602 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
604 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
605 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
606 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
607 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
611 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
612 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
613 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
614 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
615 be adjusted as necessary.
618 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
619 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
620 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
621 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
624 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
625 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
626 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
627 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
631 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
632 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
633 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
634 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
638 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
639 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
640 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
641 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
642 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
643 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
646 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
647 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
648 default since FreeBSD-11.
651 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
652 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
653 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
656 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
657 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
658 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
659 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
660 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
661 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
662 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
664 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
665 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
668 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
669 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
670 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
671 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
672 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
673 may not be observed in a future release.
676 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
677 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
681 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
682 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
683 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
684 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
687 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
688 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
689 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
690 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
694 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
695 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
696 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
699 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
700 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
701 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
702 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
703 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
706 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
707 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
708 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
709 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
710 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
711 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
714 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
715 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
716 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
720 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
721 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
722 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
725 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
726 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
727 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
728 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
729 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
730 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
731 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
732 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
733 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
734 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
738 Big endian arm support has been removed.
741 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
742 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
743 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
744 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
745 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
748 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
749 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
750 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
751 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
752 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
753 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
756 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
757 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
760 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
761 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
762 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
763 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
764 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
765 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
766 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
769 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
770 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
771 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
775 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
776 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
777 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
781 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
782 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
785 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
786 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
790 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
791 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
792 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
793 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
796 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
797 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
798 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
802 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
803 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
804 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
808 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
809 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
810 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
811 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
812 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
813 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
816 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
817 workaround is necessary.
820 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
821 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
822 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
823 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
826 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
827 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
828 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
829 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
830 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
833 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
834 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
835 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
836 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
839 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
840 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
841 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
845 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
846 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
850 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
851 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
855 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
856 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
857 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
858 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
859 microseconds and time zone offsets.
861 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
862 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
863 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
864 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
865 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
866 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
867 adjustments, depending on the software used.
869 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
870 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
873 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
876 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
877 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
878 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
880 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
882 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
883 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
884 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
885 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
886 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
887 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
888 thus expected to continue to function as before.
890 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
894 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
895 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
896 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
899 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
900 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
901 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
902 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
903 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
904 should be as simple as:
906 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
907 $ make depend all install
910 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
911 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
912 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
913 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
914 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
915 provisions for backup boot methods.
918 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
919 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
920 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
924 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
925 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
926 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
930 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
931 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
932 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
934 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
935 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
938 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
939 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
940 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
941 remove it from kernel config files.
944 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
945 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
946 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
948 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
949 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
952 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
953 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
954 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
955 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
958 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
959 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
962 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
963 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
964 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
965 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
968 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
969 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
970 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
971 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
972 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
973 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
976 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
977 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
978 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
981 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
982 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
983 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
984 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
985 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
988 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
989 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
990 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
991 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
992 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
996 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
997 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
998 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
999 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1000 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1001 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1002 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1003 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1004 than hardcoding paths.
1007 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1008 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1009 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1012 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1013 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1014 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1015 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1018 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1019 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1022 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1023 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1024 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1025 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1028 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1029 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1030 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1031 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1032 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1035 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1036 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1037 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1038 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1042 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1043 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1044 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1045 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1046 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1049 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1050 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1053 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1054 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1058 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1059 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1063 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1064 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1065 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1066 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1068 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1069 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1070 sandbox if successful.
1072 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1073 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1074 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1075 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1076 an unprivileged user.
1079 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1080 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1081 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1082 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1083 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1084 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1085 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1086 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1087 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1088 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1089 to which you should answer yes.
1092 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1093 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1094 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1095 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1096 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1099 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1100 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1101 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1104 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1105 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1108 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1109 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1110 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1111 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1112 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1113 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1114 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1117 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1118 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1119 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1120 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1121 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1122 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1125 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1126 if you require the GPL compiler.
1129 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1130 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1131 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1134 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1135 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1136 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1140 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1141 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1142 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1143 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1144 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1145 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1148 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1149 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1150 which only require one chipset support.
1152 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1156 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1157 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1158 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1160 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1161 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1164 * load the chip modules in question
1165 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1167 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1168 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1170 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1173 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1174 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1175 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1177 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1178 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1179 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1181 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1182 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1183 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1184 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1185 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1186 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1187 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1188 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1191 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1192 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1193 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1196 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1197 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1198 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1201 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1202 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1203 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1204 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1205 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1206 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1207 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1210 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1211 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1212 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1213 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1216 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1217 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1218 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1221 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1222 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1223 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1226 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1227 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1229 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1230 via one of the following methods:
1231 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1232 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1233 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1234 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1236 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1239 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1240 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1241 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1242 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1246 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1247 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1248 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1249 be prefixed with colon.
1252 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1253 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1254 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1257 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1258 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1259 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1262 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1263 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1264 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1268 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1272 MCA bus support has been removed.
1275 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1276 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1279 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1280 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1283 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1284 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1285 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1289 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1290 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1291 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1294 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1295 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1296 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1299 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1300 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1301 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1304 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1305 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1306 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1307 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1310 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1311 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1313 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1314 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1317 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1318 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1319 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1323 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1324 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1325 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1328 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1329 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1332 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1333 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1334 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1335 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1338 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1339 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1340 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1341 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1342 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1345 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1348 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1349 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1350 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1351 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1354 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1355 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1356 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1360 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1361 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1362 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1363 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1364 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1368 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1369 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1372 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1375 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1376 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1377 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1378 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1379 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1380 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1384 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1385 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1386 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1387 previously contained a line like
1388 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1389 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1390 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1394 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1395 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1396 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1397 built with the old headers.
1400 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1401 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1402 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1403 installing a new libc.
1406 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1407 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1408 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1409 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1410 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1411 packages will be needed.
1413 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1414 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1415 and the install steps.
1418 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1419 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1420 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1421 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1422 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1423 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1426 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1427 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1428 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1429 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1430 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1432 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1433 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1434 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1435 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1436 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1438 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1439 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1440 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1441 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1442 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1443 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1446 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1447 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1448 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1449 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1450 quirks entry to 0x3.
1453 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1454 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1455 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1458 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1459 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1462 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1463 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1464 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1465 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1466 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1467 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1468 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1469 stale .depend files.
1472 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1473 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1474 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1478 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1479 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1480 make -C sys/boot install
1481 <reboot in single user>
1483 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1487 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1488 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1489 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1492 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1493 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1494 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1495 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1496 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1497 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1500 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1501 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1502 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1503 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1504 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1507 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1508 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1509 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1510 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1511 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1514 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1515 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1518 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1519 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1520 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1523 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1524 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1525 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1529 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1530 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1531 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1532 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1533 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1534 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1537 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1538 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1539 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1540 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1544 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1545 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1546 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1549 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1550 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1551 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1553 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1554 collation results will be different.
1556 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1557 locales before running make installworld.
1559 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1562 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1563 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1566 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1567 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1568 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1571 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1572 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1573 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1574 and 'make -N' will not.
1577 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1578 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1579 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1580 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1581 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1582 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1583 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1584 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1587 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1588 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1589 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1590 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1593 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1594 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1595 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1598 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1599 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1600 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1601 userland debug files.
1603 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1604 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1605 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1607 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1608 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1611 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1612 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1613 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1614 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1615 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1616 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1619 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1620 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1621 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1624 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1625 them, the kernel must have
1628 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1630 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1631 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1632 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1633 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1635 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1636 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1639 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1640 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1641 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1644 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1645 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1646 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1647 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1649 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1650 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1651 difference with this change.
1653 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1654 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1655 remove that workaround.
1658 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1659 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1660 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1663 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1666 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1667 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1668 loader.rc.local instead.
1671 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1672 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1673 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1676 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1677 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1678 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1680 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1681 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1684 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1685 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1686 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1687 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1688 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1689 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1690 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1691 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1692 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1693 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1694 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1695 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1698 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1699 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1701 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1702 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1703 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1705 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1706 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1708 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1709 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1710 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1712 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1713 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1714 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1715 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1717 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1718 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1719 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1720 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1722 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1723 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1724 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1725 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1726 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1727 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1728 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1729 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1733 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1734 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1737 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1738 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1741 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1742 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1743 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1744 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1745 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1748 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1749 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1750 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1751 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1754 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1755 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1756 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1757 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1758 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1759 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1760 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1762 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1763 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1764 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1765 replace it with '2'.
1766 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1767 a file path, create a new file with:
1768 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1769 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1770 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1771 5. Restart sendmail:
1772 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1774 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1778 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1779 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1780 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1781 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1784 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1787 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1788 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1789 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1792 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1793 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1796 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1797 same but content is different now
1798 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1799 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1800 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1801 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1802 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1805 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1806 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1807 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1810 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1811 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1814 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1815 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1818 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1819 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1820 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1823 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1824 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1825 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1826 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1829 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1830 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1831 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1834 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1835 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1836 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1837 kernel before rebooting.
1840 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1841 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1842 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1843 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1844 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1845 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1848 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1849 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1850 with the new kernel.
1853 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1854 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1855 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1858 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1859 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1860 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1861 are not already using 3.5.0.
1864 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1865 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1866 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1867 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1868 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1871 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1872 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1873 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1874 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1877 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1878 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1881 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1883 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1884 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1885 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1886 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1887 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1888 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1891 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1892 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1895 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1896 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1897 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1898 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1900 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1901 the instructions for 9.x above.
1903 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1904 default, and do not build clang.
1906 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1907 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1908 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1910 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1911 the following are most likely to appear:
1915 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1916 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1917 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1918 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1919 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1920 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1921 cast, or disable the warning.
1923 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1924 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1925 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1926 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1929 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1930 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1932 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1933 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1934 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1935 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1937 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1938 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1939 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1940 unreachable could be optimized away.
1943 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1944 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1945 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1946 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1947 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1948 the utilities will report errors.
1951 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1952 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1953 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1954 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1955 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1959 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1960 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1963 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1964 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1965 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1968 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1969 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1970 indicate what you need to do.
1972 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1973 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1974 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1976 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1977 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1981 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1982 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1986 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1987 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1991 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1995 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1996 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1997 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1998 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1999 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2000 their next update cycle.
2003 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2004 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2005 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2006 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2010 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2011 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2014 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2015 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2016 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2017 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2018 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2022 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2023 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2025 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2028 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2029 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2030 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2031 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2035 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2036 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2040 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2041 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2042 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2043 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2044 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2047 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2048 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2049 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2052 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2053 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2054 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2057 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2058 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2059 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2060 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2061 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2062 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2063 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2064 "make installworld".
2066 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2067 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2068 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2071 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2072 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2073 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2074 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2075 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2078 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2081 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2082 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2086 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2087 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2088 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2089 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2090 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2091 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2092 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2093 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2094 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2095 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2096 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2097 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2099 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2100 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2101 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2105 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2106 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2109 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2110 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2111 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2112 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2113 build hosts for older releases.
2115 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2116 r276991, respectively.
2119 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2120 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2121 will silently lack HESIOD.
2124 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2125 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2126 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2127 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2128 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2129 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2130 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2131 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2132 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2133 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2134 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2135 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2138 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2139 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2140 with command line option -W.
2143 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2144 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2145 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2146 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2147 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2150 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2153 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2154 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2157 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2158 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2159 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2160 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2161 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2164 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2165 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2166 kernel is still highly recommended.
2169 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2170 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2171 capability mode support in kernel.
2174 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2175 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2176 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2177 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2178 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2181 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2182 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2183 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2184 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2185 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2186 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2189 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2190 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2191 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2192 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2193 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2194 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2195 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2196 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2197 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2200 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2201 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2202 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2203 should change your settings to use the latter.
2206 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2207 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2208 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2209 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2210 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2213 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2214 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2215 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2217 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2219 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2222 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2229 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2230 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2231 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2232 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2233 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2234 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2235 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2236 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2238 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2239 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2240 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2241 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2242 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2243 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2244 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2245 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2248 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2249 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2250 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2251 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2254 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2255 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2256 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2257 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2259 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2260 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2261 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2262 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2263 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2264 should write them with this in mind.
2268 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2271 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2272 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2274 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2276 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2277 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2278 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2279 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2282 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2286 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2287 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2288 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2290 make kernel-toolchain
2291 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2292 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2294 To test a kernel once
2295 ---------------------
2296 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2297 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2298 debugging information) run
2299 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2300 nextboot -k testkernel
2302 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2303 -----------------------------------------------------------
2304 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2305 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2307 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2309 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2310 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2312 <reboot in single user> [3]
2319 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2320 --------------------------------------------------
2321 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2322 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2323 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2326 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2329 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2330 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2331 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2332 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2333 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2334 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2335 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2336 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2337 <reboot into current>
2338 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2339 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2343 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2344 ----------------------------------------------
2345 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2347 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2348 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2350 <reboot in single user> [3]
2357 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2358 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2359 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2360 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2361 the UPDATING entries.
2363 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2364 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2365 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2366 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2367 much fewer pitfalls.
2369 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2370 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2371 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2372 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2373 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2374 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2375 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2376 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2378 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2380 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2384 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2385 cd src # full path to source
2386 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2387 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2388 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2390 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2391 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2392 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2393 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2394 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2395 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2396 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2398 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2399 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2400 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2401 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2402 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2403 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2405 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2406 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2407 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2409 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2410 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2411 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2412 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2413 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2414 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2415 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2416 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2418 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2419 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2420 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2423 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2424 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2425 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2427 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2428 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2429 warn if it is improperly defined.
2432 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2433 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2434 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2435 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2436 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2438 Copyright information:
2440 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2442 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2443 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2444 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2446 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2447 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2448 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2449 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2450 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2451 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2452 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2453 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2454 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2455 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2456 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2458 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of