1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
31 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
32 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
33 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
36 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
37 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
38 requires a clean build.
41 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
42 instructions can be found at
43 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
44 and other documents in that repo.
47 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
48 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
49 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
50 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
53 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
54 may be installed from ports or packages.
57 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
58 See ping(8) for details.
61 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
62 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
63 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
65 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
66 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
67 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
68 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
69 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
72 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
73 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
74 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
75 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
76 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
80 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
81 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
82 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
83 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
85 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
86 command you want to un-auger the tree is
89 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
90 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
93 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
94 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
95 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
96 unless you want to use new features.
98 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
99 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
100 rebuilding world may fail.
102 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
103 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
105 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
106 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
107 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
108 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
111 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
112 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
113 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
114 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
117 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
118 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
122 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
123 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
126 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
127 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
128 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
129 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
132 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
133 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
134 from sources, so a version bump was done.
137 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
138 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
139 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
140 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
143 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
144 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
145 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
146 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
147 continue to function.
149 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
150 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
151 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
152 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
155 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
156 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
157 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
158 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
159 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
160 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
161 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
164 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
165 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
168 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
169 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
170 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
173 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
174 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
175 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
176 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
178 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
179 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
180 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
181 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
185 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
186 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
187 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
188 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
191 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
192 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
195 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
196 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
197 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
198 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
199 be functional without closefrom(2).
202 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
203 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
204 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
205 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
206 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
207 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
210 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
211 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
212 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
213 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
216 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
217 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
218 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
221 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
224 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
225 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
226 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
229 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
230 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
233 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
234 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
235 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
239 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
240 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
244 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
245 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
246 together with their new kernel.
249 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
250 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
251 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
253 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
254 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
257 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
261 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
262 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
263 external toolchain package.
266 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
267 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
268 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
269 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
270 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
273 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
274 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
275 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
276 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
279 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
280 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
281 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
285 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
288 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
289 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
290 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
291 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
294 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
295 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
296 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
299 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
300 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
301 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
302 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
303 differences between those included in the port and those included in
304 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
305 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
306 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
309 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
310 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
314 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
315 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
316 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
317 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
318 add superio to the set.
321 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
322 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
325 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
326 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
327 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
328 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
329 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
330 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
331 completely in the future.
334 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
335 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
336 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
337 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
338 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
339 will be removed from the list.
342 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
343 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
344 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
345 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
348 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
349 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
350 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
351 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
354 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
355 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
356 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
357 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
360 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
361 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
362 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
365 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
366 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
367 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
368 your scripts, because they had no effect.
370 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
371 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
372 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
373 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
374 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
377 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
378 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
379 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
380 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
381 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
382 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
383 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
386 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
387 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
388 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
389 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
392 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
393 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
394 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
395 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
398 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
399 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
400 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
403 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
404 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
405 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
406 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
407 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
408 avoid running into the limit.
411 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
412 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
415 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
416 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
417 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
418 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
419 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
420 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
423 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
424 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
427 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
428 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
429 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
430 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
431 availability properties.
433 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
434 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
435 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
436 initial condition, if desired.
438 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
439 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
441 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
442 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
443 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
444 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
447 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
448 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
449 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
450 therefore unblocked).
453 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
454 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
455 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
456 is added to the command line.
457 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
458 not affected and should continue to work.
461 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
462 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
463 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
464 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
467 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
468 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
469 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
473 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
474 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
478 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
479 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
480 migrating to the drm ports.
483 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
484 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
485 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
486 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
487 is loaded automatically.
490 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
491 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
492 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
496 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
497 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
498 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
499 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
502 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
503 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
504 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
505 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
506 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
510 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
511 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
512 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
514 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
515 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
517 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
518 removed from the mips port.
521 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
522 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
523 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
527 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
528 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
531 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
532 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
533 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
534 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
537 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
538 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
539 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
542 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
543 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
544 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
548 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
549 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
550 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
552 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
553 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
554 being included using the command:
558 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
559 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
562 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
563 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
564 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
565 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
566 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
567 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
568 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
569 that as you will get better support.
571 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
572 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
573 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
574 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
576 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
577 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
578 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
579 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
583 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
584 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
585 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
586 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
587 be adjusted as necessary.
590 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
591 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
592 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
593 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
596 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
597 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
598 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
599 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
603 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
604 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
605 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
606 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
610 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
611 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
612 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
613 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
614 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
615 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
618 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
619 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
620 default since FreeBSD-11.
623 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
624 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
625 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
628 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
629 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
630 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
631 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
632 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
633 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
634 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
636 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
637 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
640 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
641 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
642 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
643 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
644 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
645 may not be observed in a future release.
648 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
649 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
653 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
654 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
655 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
656 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
659 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
660 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
661 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
662 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
666 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
667 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
668 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
671 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
672 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
673 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
674 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
675 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
678 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
679 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
680 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
681 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
682 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
683 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
686 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
687 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
688 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
692 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
693 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
694 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
697 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
698 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
699 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
700 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
701 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
702 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
703 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
704 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
705 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
706 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
710 Big endian arm support has been removed.
713 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
714 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
715 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
716 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
717 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
720 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
721 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
722 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
723 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
724 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
725 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
728 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
729 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
732 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
733 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
734 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
735 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
736 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
737 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
738 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
741 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
742 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
743 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
747 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
748 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
749 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
753 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
754 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
757 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
758 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
762 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
763 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
764 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
765 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
768 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
769 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
770 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
774 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
775 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
776 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
780 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
781 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
782 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
783 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
784 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
785 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
788 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
789 workaround is necessary.
792 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
793 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
794 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
795 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
798 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
799 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
800 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
801 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
802 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
805 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
806 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
807 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
808 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
811 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
812 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
813 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
817 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
818 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
822 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
823 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
827 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
828 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
829 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
830 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
831 microseconds and time zone offsets.
833 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
834 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
835 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
836 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
837 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
838 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
839 adjustments, depending on the software used.
841 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
842 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
845 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
848 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
849 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
850 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
852 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
854 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
855 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
856 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
857 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
858 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
859 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
860 thus expected to continue to function as before.
862 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
866 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
867 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
868 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
871 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
872 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
873 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
874 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
875 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
876 should be as simple as:
878 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
879 $ make depend all install
882 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
883 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
884 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
885 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
886 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
887 provisions for backup boot methods.
890 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
891 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
892 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
896 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
897 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
898 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
902 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
903 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
904 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
906 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
907 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
910 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
911 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
912 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
913 remove it from kernel config files.
916 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
917 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
918 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
920 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
921 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
924 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
925 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
926 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
927 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
930 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
931 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
934 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
935 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
936 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
937 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
940 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
941 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
942 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
943 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
944 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
945 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
948 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
949 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
950 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
953 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
954 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
955 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
956 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
957 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
960 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
961 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
962 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
963 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
964 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
968 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
969 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
970 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
971 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
972 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
973 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
974 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
975 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
976 than hardcoding paths.
979 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
980 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
981 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
984 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
985 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
986 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
987 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
990 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
991 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
994 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
995 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
996 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
997 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1000 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1001 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1002 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1003 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1004 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1007 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1008 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1009 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1010 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1014 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1015 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1016 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1017 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1018 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1021 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1022 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1025 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1026 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1030 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1031 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1035 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1036 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1037 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1038 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1040 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1041 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1042 sandbox if successful.
1044 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1045 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1046 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1047 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1048 an unprivileged user.
1051 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1052 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1053 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1054 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1055 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1056 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1057 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1058 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1059 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1060 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1061 to which you should answer yes.
1064 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1065 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1066 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1067 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1068 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1071 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1072 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1073 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1076 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1077 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1080 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1081 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1082 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1083 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1084 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1085 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1086 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1089 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1090 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1091 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1092 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1093 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1094 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1097 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1098 if you require the GPL compiler.
1101 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1102 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1103 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1106 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1107 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1108 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1112 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1113 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1114 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1115 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1116 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1117 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1120 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1121 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1122 which only require one chipset support.
1124 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1128 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1129 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1130 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1132 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1133 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1136 * load the chip modules in question
1137 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1139 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1140 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1142 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1145 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1146 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1147 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1149 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1150 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1151 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1153 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1154 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1155 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1156 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1157 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1158 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1159 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1160 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1163 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1164 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1165 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1168 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1169 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1170 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1173 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1174 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1175 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1176 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1177 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1178 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1179 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1182 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1183 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1184 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1185 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1188 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1189 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1190 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1193 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1194 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1195 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1198 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1199 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1201 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1202 via one of the following methods:
1203 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1204 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1205 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1206 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1208 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1211 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1212 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1213 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1214 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1218 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1219 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1220 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1221 be prefixed with colon.
1224 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1225 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1226 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1229 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1230 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1231 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1234 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1235 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1236 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1240 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1244 MCA bus support has been removed.
1247 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1248 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1251 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1252 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1255 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1256 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1257 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1261 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1262 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1263 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1266 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1267 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1268 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1271 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1272 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1273 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1276 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1277 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1278 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1279 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1282 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1283 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1285 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1286 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1289 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1290 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1291 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1295 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1296 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1297 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1300 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1301 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1304 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1305 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1306 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1307 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1310 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1311 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1312 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1313 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1314 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1317 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1320 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1321 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1322 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1323 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1326 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1327 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1328 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1332 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1333 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1334 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1335 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1336 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1340 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1341 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1344 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1347 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1348 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1349 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1350 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1351 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1352 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1356 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1357 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1358 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1359 previously contained a line like
1360 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1361 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1362 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1366 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1367 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1368 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1369 built with the old headers.
1372 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1373 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1374 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1375 installing a new libc.
1378 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1379 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1380 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1381 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1382 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1383 packages will be needed.
1385 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1386 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1387 and the install steps.
1390 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1391 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1392 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1393 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1394 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1395 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1398 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1399 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1400 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1401 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1402 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1404 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1405 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1406 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1407 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1408 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1410 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1411 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1412 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1413 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1414 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1415 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1418 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1419 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1420 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1421 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1422 quirks entry to 0x3.
1425 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1426 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1427 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1430 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1431 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1434 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1435 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1436 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1437 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1438 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1439 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1440 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1441 stale .depend files.
1444 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1445 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1446 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1450 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1451 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1452 make -C sys/boot install
1453 <reboot in single user>
1455 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1459 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1460 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1461 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1464 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1465 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1466 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1467 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1468 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1469 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1472 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1473 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1474 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1475 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1476 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1479 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1480 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1481 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1482 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1483 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1486 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1487 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1490 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1491 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1492 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1495 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1496 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1497 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1501 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1502 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1503 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1504 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1505 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1506 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1509 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1510 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1511 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1512 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1516 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1517 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1518 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1521 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1522 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1523 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1525 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1526 collation results will be different.
1528 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1529 locales before running make installworld.
1531 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1534 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1535 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1538 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1539 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1540 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1543 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1544 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1545 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1546 and 'make -N' will not.
1549 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1550 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1551 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1552 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1553 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1554 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1555 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1556 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1559 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1560 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1561 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1562 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1565 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1566 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1567 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1570 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1571 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1572 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1573 userland debug files.
1575 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1576 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1577 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1579 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1580 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1583 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1584 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1585 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1586 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1587 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1588 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1591 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1592 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1593 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1596 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1597 them, the kernel must have
1600 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1602 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1603 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1604 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1605 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1607 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1608 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1611 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1612 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1613 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1616 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1617 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1618 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1619 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1621 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1622 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1623 difference with this change.
1625 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1626 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1627 remove that workaround.
1630 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1631 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1632 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1635 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1638 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1639 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1640 loader.rc.local instead.
1643 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1644 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1645 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1648 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1649 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1650 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1652 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1653 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1656 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1657 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1658 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1659 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1660 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1661 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1662 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1663 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1664 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1665 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1666 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1667 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1670 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1671 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1673 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1674 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1675 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1677 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1678 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1680 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1681 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1682 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1684 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1685 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1686 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1687 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1689 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1690 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1691 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1692 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1694 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1695 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1696 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1697 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1698 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1699 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1700 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1701 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1705 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1706 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1709 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1710 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1713 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1714 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1715 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1716 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1717 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1720 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1721 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1722 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1723 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1726 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1727 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1728 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1729 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1730 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1731 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1732 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1734 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1735 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1736 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1737 replace it with '2'.
1738 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1739 a file path, create a new file with:
1740 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1741 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1742 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1743 5. Restart sendmail:
1744 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1746 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1750 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1751 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1752 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1753 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1756 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1759 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1760 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1761 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1764 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1765 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1768 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1769 same but content is different now
1770 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1771 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1772 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1773 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1774 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1777 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1778 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1779 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1782 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1783 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1786 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1787 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1790 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1791 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1792 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1795 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1796 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1797 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1798 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1801 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1802 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1803 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1806 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1807 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1808 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1809 kernel before rebooting.
1812 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1813 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1814 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1815 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1816 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1817 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1820 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1821 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1822 with the new kernel.
1825 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1826 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1827 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1830 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1831 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1832 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1833 are not already using 3.5.0.
1836 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1837 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1838 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1839 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1840 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1843 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1844 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1845 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1846 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1849 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1850 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1853 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1855 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1856 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1857 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1858 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1859 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1860 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1863 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1864 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1867 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1868 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1869 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1870 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1872 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1873 the instructions for 9.x above.
1875 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1876 default, and do not build clang.
1878 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1879 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1880 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1882 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1883 the following are most likely to appear:
1887 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1888 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1889 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1890 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1891 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1892 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1893 cast, or disable the warning.
1895 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1896 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1897 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1898 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1901 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1902 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1904 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1905 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1906 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1907 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1909 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1910 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1911 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1912 unreachable could be optimized away.
1915 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1916 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1917 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1918 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1919 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1920 the utilities will report errors.
1923 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1924 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1925 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1926 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1927 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1931 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1932 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1935 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1936 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1937 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1940 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1941 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1942 indicate what you need to do.
1944 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1945 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1946 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1948 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1949 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1953 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1954 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1958 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1959 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1963 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1967 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1968 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1969 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1970 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1971 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1972 their next update cycle.
1975 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1976 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1977 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1978 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1982 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1983 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1986 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1987 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1988 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1989 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1990 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1994 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1995 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1997 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2000 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2001 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2002 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2003 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2007 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2008 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2012 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2013 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2014 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2015 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2016 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2019 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2020 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2021 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2024 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2025 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2026 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2029 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2030 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2031 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2032 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2033 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2034 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2035 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2036 "make installworld".
2038 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2039 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2040 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2043 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2044 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2045 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2046 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2047 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2050 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2053 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2054 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2058 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2059 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2060 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2061 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2062 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2063 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2064 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2065 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2066 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2067 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2068 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2069 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2071 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2072 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2073 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2077 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2078 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2081 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2082 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2083 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2084 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2085 build hosts for older releases.
2087 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2088 r276991, respectively.
2091 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2092 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2093 will silently lack HESIOD.
2096 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2097 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2098 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2099 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2100 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2101 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2102 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2103 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2104 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2105 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2106 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2107 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2110 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2111 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2112 with command line option -W.
2115 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2116 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2117 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2118 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2119 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2122 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2125 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2126 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2129 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2130 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2131 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2132 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2133 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2136 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2137 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2138 kernel is still highly recommended.
2141 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2142 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2143 capability mode support in kernel.
2146 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2147 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2148 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2149 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2150 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2153 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2154 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2155 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2156 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2157 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2158 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2161 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2162 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2163 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2164 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2165 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2166 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2167 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2168 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2169 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2172 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2173 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2174 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2175 should change your settings to use the latter.
2178 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2179 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2180 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2181 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2182 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2185 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2186 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2187 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2189 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2191 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2194 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2201 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2202 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2203 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2204 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2205 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2206 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2207 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2208 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2210 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2211 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2212 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2213 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2214 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2215 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2216 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2217 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2220 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2221 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2222 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2223 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2226 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2227 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2228 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2229 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2231 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2232 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2233 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2234 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2235 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2236 should write them with this in mind.
2240 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2243 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2244 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2246 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2248 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2249 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2250 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2251 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2254 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2258 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2259 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2260 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2262 make kernel-toolchain
2263 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2264 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2266 To test a kernel once
2267 ---------------------
2268 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2269 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2270 debugging information) run
2271 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2272 nextboot -k testkernel
2274 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2275 -----------------------------------------------------------
2276 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2277 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2279 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2281 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2282 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2284 <reboot in single user> [3]
2291 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2292 --------------------------------------------------
2293 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2294 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2295 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2298 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2301 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2302 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2303 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2304 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2305 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2306 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2307 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2308 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2309 <reboot into current>
2310 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2311 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2315 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2316 ----------------------------------------------
2317 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2319 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2320 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2322 <reboot in single user> [3]
2329 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2330 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2331 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2332 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2333 the UPDATING entries.
2335 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2336 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2337 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2338 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2339 much fewer pitfalls.
2341 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2342 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2343 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2344 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2345 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2346 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2347 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2348 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2350 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2352 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2356 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2357 cd src # full path to source
2358 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2359 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2360 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2362 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2363 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2364 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2365 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2366 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2367 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2368 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2370 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2371 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2372 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2373 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2374 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2375 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2377 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2378 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2379 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2381 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2382 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2383 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2384 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2385 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2386 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2387 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2388 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2390 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2391 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2392 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2395 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2396 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2397 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2399 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2400 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2401 warn if it is improperly defined.
2404 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2405 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2406 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2407 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2408 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2410 Copyright information:
2412 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2414 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2415 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2416 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2418 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2419 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2420 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2421 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2422 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2423 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2424 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2425 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2426 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2427 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2428 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2430 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
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