1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
17 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
21 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
22 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
23 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
24 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
25 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
26 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
29 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
30 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
34 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
37 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
38 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
39 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
40 since it was bumped so recently.
43 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
44 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
45 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
46 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
49 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
50 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
51 requires a clean build.
54 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
55 instructions can be found at
56 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
57 and other documents in that repo.
60 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
61 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
62 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
63 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
66 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
67 may be installed from ports or packages.
70 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
71 See ping(8) for details.
74 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
75 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
76 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
78 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
79 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
80 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
81 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
82 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
85 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
86 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
87 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
88 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
89 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
93 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
94 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
95 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
96 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
98 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
99 command you want to un-auger the tree is
102 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
103 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
106 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
107 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
108 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
109 unless you want to use new features.
111 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
112 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
113 rebuilding world may fail.
115 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
116 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
118 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
119 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
120 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
121 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
124 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
125 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
126 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
127 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
130 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
131 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
135 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
136 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
139 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
140 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
141 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
142 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
145 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
146 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
147 from sources, so a version bump was done.
150 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
151 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
152 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
153 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
156 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
157 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
158 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
159 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
160 continue to function.
162 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
163 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
164 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
165 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
168 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
169 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
170 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
171 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
172 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
173 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
174 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
177 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
178 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
181 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
182 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
183 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
186 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
187 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
188 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
189 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
191 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
192 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
193 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
194 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
198 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
199 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
200 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
201 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
204 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
205 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
208 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
209 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
210 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
211 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
212 be functional without closefrom(2).
215 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
216 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
217 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
218 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
219 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
220 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
223 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
224 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
225 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
226 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
229 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
230 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
231 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
234 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
237 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
238 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
239 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
242 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
243 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
246 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
247 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
248 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
252 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
253 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
257 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
258 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
259 together with their new kernel.
262 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
263 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
264 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
266 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
267 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
270 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
274 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
275 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
276 external toolchain package.
279 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
280 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
281 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
282 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
283 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
286 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
287 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
288 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
289 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
292 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
293 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
294 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
298 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
301 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
302 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
303 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
304 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
307 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
308 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
309 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
312 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
313 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
314 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
315 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
316 differences between those included in the port and those included in
317 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
318 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
319 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
322 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
323 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
327 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
328 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
329 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
330 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
331 add superio to the set.
334 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
335 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
338 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
339 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
340 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
341 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
342 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
343 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
344 completely in the future.
347 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
348 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
349 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
350 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
351 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
352 will be removed from the list.
355 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
356 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
357 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
358 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
361 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
362 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
363 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
364 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
367 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
368 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
369 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
370 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
373 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
374 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
375 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
378 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
379 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
380 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
381 your scripts, because they had no effect.
383 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
384 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
385 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
386 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
387 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
390 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
391 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
392 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
393 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
394 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
395 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
396 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
399 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
400 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
401 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
402 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
405 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
406 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
407 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
408 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
411 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
412 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
413 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
416 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
417 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
418 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
419 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
420 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
421 avoid running into the limit.
424 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
425 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
428 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
429 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
430 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
431 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
432 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
433 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
436 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
437 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
440 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
441 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
442 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
443 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
444 availability properties.
446 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
447 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
448 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
449 initial condition, if desired.
451 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
452 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
454 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
455 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
456 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
457 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
460 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
461 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
462 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
463 therefore unblocked).
466 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
467 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
468 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
469 is added to the command line.
470 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
471 not affected and should continue to work.
474 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
475 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
476 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
477 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
480 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
481 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
482 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
486 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
487 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
491 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
492 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
493 migrating to the drm ports.
496 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
497 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
498 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
499 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
500 is loaded automatically.
503 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
504 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
505 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
509 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
510 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
511 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
512 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
515 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
516 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
517 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
518 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
519 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
523 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
524 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
525 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
527 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
528 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
530 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
531 removed from the mips port.
534 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
535 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
536 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
540 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
541 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
544 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
545 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
546 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
547 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
550 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
551 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
552 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
555 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
556 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
557 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
561 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
562 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
563 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
565 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
566 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
567 being included using the command:
571 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
572 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
575 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
576 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
577 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
578 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
579 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
580 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
581 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
582 that as you will get better support.
584 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
585 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
586 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
587 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
589 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
590 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
591 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
592 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
596 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
597 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
598 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
599 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
600 be adjusted as necessary.
603 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
604 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
605 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
606 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
609 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
610 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
611 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
612 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
616 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
617 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
618 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
619 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
623 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
624 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
625 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
626 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
627 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
628 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
631 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
632 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
633 default since FreeBSD-11.
636 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
637 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
638 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
641 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
642 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
643 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
644 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
645 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
646 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
647 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
649 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
650 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
653 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
654 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
655 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
656 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
657 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
658 may not be observed in a future release.
661 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
662 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
666 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
667 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
668 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
669 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
672 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
673 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
674 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
675 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
679 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
680 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
681 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
684 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
685 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
686 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
687 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
688 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
691 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
692 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
693 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
694 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
695 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
696 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
699 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
700 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
701 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
705 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
706 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
707 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
710 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
711 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
712 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
713 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
714 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
715 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
716 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
717 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
718 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
719 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
723 Big endian arm support has been removed.
726 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
727 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
728 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
729 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
730 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
733 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
734 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
735 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
736 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
737 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
738 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
741 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
742 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
745 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
746 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
747 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
748 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
749 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
750 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
751 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
754 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
755 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
756 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
760 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
761 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
762 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
766 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
767 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
770 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
771 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
775 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
776 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
777 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
778 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
781 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
782 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
783 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
787 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
788 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
789 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
793 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
794 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
795 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
796 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
797 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
798 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
801 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
802 workaround is necessary.
805 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
806 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
807 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
808 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
811 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
812 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
813 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
814 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
815 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
818 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
819 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
820 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
821 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
824 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
825 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
826 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
830 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
831 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
835 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
836 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
840 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
841 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
842 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
843 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
844 microseconds and time zone offsets.
846 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
847 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
848 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
849 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
850 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
851 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
852 adjustments, depending on the software used.
854 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
855 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
858 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
861 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
862 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
863 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
865 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
867 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
868 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
869 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
870 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
871 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
872 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
873 thus expected to continue to function as before.
875 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
879 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
880 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
881 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
884 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
885 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
886 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
887 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
888 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
889 should be as simple as:
891 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
892 $ make depend all install
895 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
896 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
897 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
898 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
899 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
900 provisions for backup boot methods.
903 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
904 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
905 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
909 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
910 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
911 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
915 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
916 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
917 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
919 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
920 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
923 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
924 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
925 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
926 remove it from kernel config files.
929 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
930 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
931 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
933 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
934 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
937 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
938 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
939 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
940 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
943 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
944 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
947 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
948 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
949 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
950 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
953 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
954 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
955 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
956 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
957 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
958 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
961 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
962 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
963 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
966 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
967 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
968 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
969 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
970 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
973 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
974 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
975 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
976 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
977 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
981 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
982 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
983 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
984 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
985 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
986 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
987 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
988 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
989 than hardcoding paths.
992 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
993 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
994 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
997 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
998 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
999 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1000 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1003 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1004 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1007 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1008 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1009 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1010 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1013 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1014 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1015 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1016 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1017 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1020 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1021 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1022 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1023 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1027 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1028 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1029 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1030 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1031 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1034 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1035 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1038 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1039 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1043 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1044 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1048 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1049 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1050 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1051 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1053 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1054 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1055 sandbox if successful.
1057 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1058 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1059 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1060 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1061 an unprivileged user.
1064 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1065 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1066 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1067 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1068 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1069 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1070 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1071 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1072 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1073 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1074 to which you should answer yes.
1077 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1078 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1079 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1080 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1081 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1084 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1085 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1086 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1089 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1090 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1093 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1094 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1095 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1096 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1097 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1098 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1099 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1102 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1103 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1104 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1105 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1106 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1107 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1110 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1111 if you require the GPL compiler.
1114 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1115 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1116 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1119 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1120 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1121 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1125 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1126 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1127 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1128 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1129 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1130 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1133 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1134 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1135 which only require one chipset support.
1137 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1141 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1142 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1143 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1145 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1146 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1149 * load the chip modules in question
1150 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1152 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1153 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1155 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1158 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1159 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1160 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1162 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1163 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1164 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1166 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1167 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1168 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1169 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1170 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1171 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1172 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1173 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1176 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1177 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1178 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1181 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1182 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1183 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1186 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1187 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1188 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1189 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1190 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1191 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1192 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1195 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1196 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1197 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1198 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1201 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1202 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1203 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1206 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1207 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1208 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1211 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1212 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1214 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1215 via one of the following methods:
1216 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1217 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1218 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1219 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1221 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1224 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1225 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1226 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1227 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1231 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1232 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1233 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1234 be prefixed with colon.
1237 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1238 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1239 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1242 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1243 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1244 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1247 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1248 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1249 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1253 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1257 MCA bus support has been removed.
1260 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1261 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1264 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1265 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1268 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1269 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1270 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1274 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1275 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1276 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1279 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1280 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1281 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1284 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1285 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1286 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1289 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1290 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1291 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1292 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1295 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1296 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1298 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1299 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1302 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1303 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1304 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1308 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1309 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1310 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1313 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1314 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1317 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1318 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1319 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1320 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1323 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1324 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1325 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1326 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1327 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1330 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1333 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1334 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1335 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1336 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1339 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1340 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1341 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1345 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1346 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1347 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1348 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1349 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1353 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1354 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1357 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1360 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1361 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1362 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1363 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1364 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1365 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1369 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1370 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1371 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1372 previously contained a line like
1373 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1374 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1375 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1379 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1380 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1381 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1382 built with the old headers.
1385 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1386 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1387 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1388 installing a new libc.
1391 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1392 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1393 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1394 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1395 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1396 packages will be needed.
1398 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1399 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1400 and the install steps.
1403 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1404 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1405 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1406 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1407 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1408 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1411 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1412 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1413 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1414 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1415 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1417 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1418 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1419 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1420 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1421 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1423 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1424 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1425 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1426 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1427 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1428 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1431 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1432 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1433 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1434 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1435 quirks entry to 0x3.
1438 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1439 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1440 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1443 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1444 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1447 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1448 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1449 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1450 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1451 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1452 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1453 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1454 stale .depend files.
1457 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1458 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1459 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1463 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1464 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1465 make -C sys/boot install
1466 <reboot in single user>
1468 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1472 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1473 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1474 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1477 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1478 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1479 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1480 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1481 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1482 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1485 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1486 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1487 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1488 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1489 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1492 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1493 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1494 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1495 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1496 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1499 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1500 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1503 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1504 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1505 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1508 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1509 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1510 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1514 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1515 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1516 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1517 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1518 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1519 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1522 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1523 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1524 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1525 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1529 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1530 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1531 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1534 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1535 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1536 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1538 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1539 collation results will be different.
1541 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1542 locales before running make installworld.
1544 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1547 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1548 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1551 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1552 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1553 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1556 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1557 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1558 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1559 and 'make -N' will not.
1562 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1563 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1564 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1565 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1566 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1567 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1568 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1569 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1572 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1573 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1574 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1575 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1578 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1579 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1580 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1583 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1584 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1585 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1586 userland debug files.
1588 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1589 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1590 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1592 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1593 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1596 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1597 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1598 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1599 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1600 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1601 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1604 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1605 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1606 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1609 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1610 them, the kernel must have
1613 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1615 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1616 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1617 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1618 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1620 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1621 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1624 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1625 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1626 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1629 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1630 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1631 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1632 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1634 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1635 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1636 difference with this change.
1638 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1639 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1640 remove that workaround.
1643 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1644 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1645 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1648 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1651 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1652 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1653 loader.rc.local instead.
1656 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1657 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1658 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1661 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1662 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1663 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1665 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1666 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1669 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1670 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1671 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1672 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1673 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1674 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1675 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1676 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1677 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1678 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1679 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1680 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1683 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1684 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1686 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1687 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1688 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1690 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1691 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1693 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1694 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1695 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1697 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1698 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1699 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1700 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1702 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1703 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1704 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1705 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1707 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1708 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1709 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1710 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1711 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1712 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1713 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1714 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1718 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1719 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1722 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1723 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1726 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1727 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1728 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1729 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1730 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1733 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1734 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1735 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1736 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1739 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1740 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1741 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1742 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1743 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1744 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1745 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1747 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1748 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1749 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1750 replace it with '2'.
1751 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1752 a file path, create a new file with:
1753 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1754 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1755 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1756 5. Restart sendmail:
1757 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1759 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1763 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1764 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1765 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1766 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1769 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1772 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1773 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1774 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1777 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1778 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1781 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1782 same but content is different now
1783 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1784 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1785 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1786 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1787 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1790 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1791 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1792 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1795 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1796 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1799 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1800 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1803 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1804 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1805 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1808 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1809 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1810 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1811 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1814 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1815 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1816 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1819 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1820 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1821 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1822 kernel before rebooting.
1825 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1826 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1827 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1828 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1829 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1830 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1833 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1834 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1835 with the new kernel.
1838 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1839 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1840 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1843 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1844 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1845 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1846 are not already using 3.5.0.
1849 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1850 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1851 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1852 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1853 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1856 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1857 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1858 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1859 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1862 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1863 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1866 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1868 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1869 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1870 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1871 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1872 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1873 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1876 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1877 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1880 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1881 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1882 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1883 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1885 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1886 the instructions for 9.x above.
1888 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1889 default, and do not build clang.
1891 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1892 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1893 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1895 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1896 the following are most likely to appear:
1900 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1901 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1902 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1903 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1904 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1905 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1906 cast, or disable the warning.
1908 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1909 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1910 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1911 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1914 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1915 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1917 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1918 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1919 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1920 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1922 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1923 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1924 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1925 unreachable could be optimized away.
1928 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1929 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1930 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1931 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1932 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1933 the utilities will report errors.
1936 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1937 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1938 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1939 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1940 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1944 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1945 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1948 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1949 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1950 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1953 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1954 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1955 indicate what you need to do.
1957 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1958 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1959 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1961 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1962 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1966 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1967 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1971 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1972 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1976 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1980 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1981 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1982 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1983 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1984 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1985 their next update cycle.
1988 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1989 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1990 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1991 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1995 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1996 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1999 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2000 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2001 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2002 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2003 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2007 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2008 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2010 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2013 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2014 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2015 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2016 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2020 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2021 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2025 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2026 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2027 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2028 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2029 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2032 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2033 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2034 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2037 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2038 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2039 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2042 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2043 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2044 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2045 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2046 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2047 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2048 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2049 "make installworld".
2051 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2052 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2053 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2056 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2057 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2058 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2059 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2060 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2063 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2066 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2067 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2071 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2072 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2073 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2074 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2075 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2076 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2077 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2078 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2079 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2080 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2081 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2082 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2084 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2085 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2086 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2090 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2091 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2094 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2095 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2096 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2097 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2098 build hosts for older releases.
2100 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2101 r276991, respectively.
2104 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2105 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2106 will silently lack HESIOD.
2109 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2110 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2111 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2112 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2113 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2114 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2115 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2116 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2117 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2118 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2119 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2120 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2123 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2124 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2125 with command line option -W.
2128 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2129 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2130 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2131 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2132 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2135 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2138 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2139 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2142 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2143 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2144 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2145 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2146 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2149 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2150 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2151 kernel is still highly recommended.
2154 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2155 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2156 capability mode support in kernel.
2159 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2160 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2161 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2162 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2163 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2166 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2167 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2168 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2169 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2170 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2171 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2174 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2175 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2176 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2177 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2178 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2179 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2180 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2181 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2182 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2185 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2186 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2187 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2188 should change your settings to use the latter.
2191 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2192 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2193 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2194 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2195 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2198 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2199 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2200 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2202 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2204 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2207 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2214 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2215 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2216 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2217 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2218 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2219 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2220 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2221 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2223 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2224 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2225 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2226 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2227 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2228 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2229 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2230 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2233 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2234 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2235 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2236 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2239 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2240 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2241 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2242 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2244 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2245 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2246 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2247 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2248 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2249 should write them with this in mind.
2253 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2256 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2257 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2259 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2261 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2262 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2263 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2264 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2267 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2271 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2272 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2273 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2275 make kernel-toolchain
2276 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2277 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2279 To test a kernel once
2280 ---------------------
2281 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2282 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2283 debugging information) run
2284 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2285 nextboot -k testkernel
2287 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2288 -----------------------------------------------------------
2289 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2290 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2292 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2294 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2295 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2297 <reboot in single user> [3]
2304 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2305 --------------------------------------------------
2306 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2307 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2308 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2311 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2314 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2315 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2316 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2317 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2318 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2319 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2320 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2321 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2322 <reboot into current>
2323 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2324 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2328 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2329 ----------------------------------------------
2330 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2332 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2333 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2335 <reboot in single user> [3]
2342 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2343 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2344 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2345 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2346 the UPDATING entries.
2348 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2349 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2350 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2351 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2352 much fewer pitfalls.
2354 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2355 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2356 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2357 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2358 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2359 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2360 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2361 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2363 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2365 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2369 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2370 cd src # full path to source
2371 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2372 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2373 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2375 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2376 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2377 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2378 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2379 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2380 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2381 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2383 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2384 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2385 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2386 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2387 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2388 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2390 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2391 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2392 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2394 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2395 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2396 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2397 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2398 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2399 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2400 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2401 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2403 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2404 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2405 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2408 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2409 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2410 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2412 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2413 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2414 warn if it is improperly defined.
2417 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2418 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2419 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2420 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2421 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2423 Copyright information:
2425 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2427 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2428 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2429 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2431 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2432 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2433 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2434 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2435 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2436 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2437 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2438 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2439 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2440 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2441 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2443 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of