1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
31 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
32 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
33 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
34 differences between those included in the port and those included in
35 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
36 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
37 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
40 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
41 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
45 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
46 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
47 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
48 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
49 add superio to the set.
52 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
53 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
56 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
57 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
58 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
59 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
60 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
61 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
62 completely in the future.
65 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
66 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
67 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
68 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
69 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
70 will be removed from the list.
73 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
74 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
75 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
76 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
79 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
80 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
81 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
82 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
85 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
86 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
87 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
88 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
91 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
92 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
93 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
96 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
97 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
98 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
99 your scripts, because they had no effect.
101 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
102 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
103 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
104 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
105 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
108 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
109 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
110 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
111 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
112 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
113 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
114 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
117 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
118 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
119 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
120 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
123 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
124 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
125 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
126 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
129 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
130 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
131 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
134 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
135 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
136 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
137 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
138 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
139 avoid running into the limit.
142 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
143 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
146 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
147 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
148 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
149 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
150 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
151 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
154 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
155 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
158 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
159 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
160 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
161 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
162 availability properties.
164 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
165 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
166 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
167 initial condition, if desired.
169 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
170 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
172 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
173 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
174 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
175 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
178 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
179 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
180 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
181 therefore unblocked).
184 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
185 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
186 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
187 is added to the command line.
188 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
189 not affected and should continue to work.
192 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
193 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
194 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
195 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
198 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
199 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
200 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
204 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
205 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
209 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
210 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
211 migrating to the drm ports.
214 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
215 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
216 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
217 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
218 is loaded automatically.
221 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
222 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
223 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
227 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
228 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
229 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
230 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
233 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
234 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
235 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
236 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
237 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
241 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
242 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
243 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
245 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
246 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
248 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
249 removed from the mips port.
252 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
253 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
254 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
258 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
259 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
262 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
263 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
264 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
265 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
268 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
269 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
270 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
273 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
274 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
275 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
279 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
280 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
281 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
283 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
284 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
285 being included using the command:
289 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
290 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
293 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
294 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
295 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
296 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
297 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
298 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
299 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
300 that as you will get better support.
302 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
303 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
304 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
305 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
307 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
308 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
309 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
310 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
314 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
315 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
316 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
317 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
318 be adjusted as necessary.
321 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
322 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
323 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
324 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
327 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
328 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
329 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
330 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
334 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
335 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
336 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
337 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
341 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
342 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
343 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
344 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
345 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
346 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
349 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
350 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
351 default since FreeBSD-11.
354 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
355 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
356 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
359 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
360 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
361 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
362 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
363 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
364 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
365 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
367 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
368 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
371 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
372 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
373 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
374 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
375 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
376 may not be observed in a future release.
379 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
380 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
384 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
385 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
386 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
387 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
390 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
391 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
392 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
393 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
397 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
398 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
399 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
402 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
403 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
404 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
405 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
406 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
409 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
410 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
411 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
412 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
413 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
414 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
417 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
418 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
419 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
423 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
424 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
425 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
428 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
429 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
430 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
431 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
432 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
433 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
434 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
435 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
436 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
437 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
441 Big endian arm support has been removed.
444 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
445 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
446 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
447 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
448 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
451 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
452 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
453 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
454 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
455 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
456 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
459 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
460 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
463 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
464 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
465 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
466 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
467 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
468 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
469 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
472 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
473 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
474 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
478 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
479 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
480 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
484 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
485 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
488 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
489 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
493 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
494 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
495 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
496 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
499 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
500 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
501 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
505 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
506 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
507 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
511 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
512 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
513 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
514 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
515 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
516 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
519 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
520 workaround is necessary.
523 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
524 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
525 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
526 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
529 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
530 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
531 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
532 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
533 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
536 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
537 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
538 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
539 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
542 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
543 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
544 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
548 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
549 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
553 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
554 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
558 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
559 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
560 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
561 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
562 microseconds and time zone offsets.
564 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
565 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
566 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
567 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
568 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
569 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
570 adjustments, depending on the software used.
572 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
573 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
576 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
579 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
580 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
581 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
583 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
585 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
586 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
587 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
588 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
589 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
590 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
591 thus expected to continue to function as before.
593 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
597 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
598 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
599 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
602 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
603 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
604 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
605 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
606 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
607 should be as simple as:
609 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
610 $ make depend all install
613 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
614 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
615 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
616 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
617 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
618 provisions for backup boot methods.
621 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
622 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
623 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
627 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
628 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
629 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
633 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
634 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
635 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
637 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
638 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
641 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
642 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
643 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
644 remove it from kernel config files.
647 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
648 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
649 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
651 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
652 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
655 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
656 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
657 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
658 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
661 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
662 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
665 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
666 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
667 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
668 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
671 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
672 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
673 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
674 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
675 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
676 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
679 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
680 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
681 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
684 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
685 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
686 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
687 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
688 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
691 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
692 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
693 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
694 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
695 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
699 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
700 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
701 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
702 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
703 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
704 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
705 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
706 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
707 than hardcoding paths.
710 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
711 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
712 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
715 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
716 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
717 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
718 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
721 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
722 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
725 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
726 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
727 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
728 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
731 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
732 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
733 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
734 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
735 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
738 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
739 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
740 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
741 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
745 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
746 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
747 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
748 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
749 soft-float everything else should be affected.
752 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
753 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
756 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
757 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
761 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
762 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
766 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
767 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
768 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
769 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
771 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
772 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
773 sandbox if successful.
775 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
776 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
777 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
778 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
779 an unprivileged user.
782 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
783 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
784 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
785 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
786 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
787 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
788 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
789 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
790 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
791 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
792 to which you should answer yes.
795 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
796 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
797 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
798 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
799 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
802 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
803 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
804 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
807 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
808 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
811 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
812 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
813 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
814 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
815 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
816 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
817 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
820 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
821 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
822 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
823 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
824 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
825 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
828 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
829 if you require the GPL compiler.
832 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
833 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
834 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
837 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
838 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
839 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
843 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
844 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
845 from ports (and recommends to install it).
846 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
847 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
848 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
851 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
852 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
853 which only require one chipset support.
855 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
859 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
860 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
861 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
863 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
864 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
867 * load the chip modules in question
868 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
870 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
871 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
873 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
876 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
877 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
878 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
880 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
881 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
882 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
884 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
885 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
886 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
887 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
888 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
889 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
890 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
891 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
894 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
895 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
896 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
899 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
900 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
901 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
904 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
905 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
906 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
907 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
908 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
909 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
910 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
913 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
914 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
915 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
916 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
919 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
920 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
921 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
924 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
925 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
926 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
929 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
930 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
932 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
933 via one of the following methods:
934 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
935 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
936 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
937 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
939 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
942 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
943 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
944 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
945 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
949 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
950 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
951 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
952 be prefixed with colon.
955 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
956 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
957 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
960 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
961 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
962 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
965 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
966 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
967 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
971 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
975 MCA bus support has been removed.
978 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
979 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
982 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
983 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
986 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
987 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
988 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
992 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
993 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
994 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
997 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
998 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
999 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1002 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1003 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1004 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1007 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1008 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1009 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1010 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1013 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1014 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1016 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1017 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1020 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1021 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1022 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1026 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1027 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1028 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1031 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1032 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1035 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1036 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1037 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1038 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1041 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1042 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1043 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1044 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1045 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1048 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1051 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1052 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1053 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1054 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1057 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1058 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1059 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1063 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1064 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1065 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1066 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1067 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1071 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1072 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1075 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1078 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1079 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1080 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1081 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1082 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1083 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1087 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1088 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1089 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1090 previously contained a line like
1091 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1092 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1093 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1097 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1098 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1099 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1100 built with the old headers.
1103 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1104 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1105 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1106 installing a new libc.
1109 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1110 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1111 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1112 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1113 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1114 packages will be needed.
1116 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1117 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1118 and the install steps.
1121 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1122 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1123 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1124 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1125 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1126 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1129 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1130 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1131 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1132 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1133 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1135 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1136 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1137 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1138 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1139 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1141 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1142 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1143 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1144 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1145 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1146 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1149 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1150 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1151 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1152 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1153 quirks entry to 0x3.
1156 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1157 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1158 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1161 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1162 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1165 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1166 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1167 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1168 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1169 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1170 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1171 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1172 stale .depend files.
1175 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1176 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1177 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1181 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1182 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1183 make -C sys/boot install
1184 <reboot in single user>
1186 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1190 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1191 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1192 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1195 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1196 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1197 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1198 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1199 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1200 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1203 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1204 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1205 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1206 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1207 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1210 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1211 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1212 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1213 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1214 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1217 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1218 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1221 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1222 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1223 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1226 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1227 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1228 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1232 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1233 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1234 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1235 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1236 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1237 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1240 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1241 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1242 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1243 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1247 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1248 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1249 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1252 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1253 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1254 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1256 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1257 collation results will be different.
1259 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1260 locales before running make installworld.
1262 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1265 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1266 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1269 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1270 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1271 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1274 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1275 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1276 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1277 and 'make -N' will not.
1280 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1281 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1282 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1283 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1284 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1285 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1286 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1287 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1290 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1291 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1292 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1293 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1296 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1297 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1298 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1301 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1302 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1303 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1304 userland debug files.
1306 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1307 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1308 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1310 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1311 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1314 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1315 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1316 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1317 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1318 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1319 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1322 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1323 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1324 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1327 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1328 them, the kernel must have
1331 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1333 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1334 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1335 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1336 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1338 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1339 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1342 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1343 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1344 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1347 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1348 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1349 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1350 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1352 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1353 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1354 difference with this change.
1356 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1357 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1358 remove that workaround.
1361 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1362 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1363 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1366 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1369 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1370 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1371 loader.rc.local instead.
1374 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1375 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1376 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1379 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1380 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1381 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1383 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1384 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1387 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1388 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1389 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1390 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1391 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1392 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1393 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1394 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1395 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1396 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1397 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1398 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1401 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1402 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1404 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1405 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1406 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1408 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1409 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1411 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1412 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1413 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1415 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1416 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1417 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1418 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1420 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1421 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1422 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1423 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1425 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1426 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1427 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1428 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1429 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1430 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1431 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1432 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1436 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1437 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1440 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1441 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1444 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1445 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1446 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1447 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1448 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1451 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1452 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1453 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1454 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1457 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1458 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1459 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1460 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1461 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1462 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1463 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1465 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1466 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1467 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1468 replace it with '2'.
1469 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1470 a file path, create a new file with:
1471 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1472 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1473 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1474 5. Restart sendmail:
1475 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1477 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1481 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1482 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1483 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1484 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1487 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1490 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1491 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1492 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1495 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1496 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1499 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1500 same but content is different now
1501 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1502 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1503 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1504 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1505 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1508 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1509 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1510 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1513 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1514 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1517 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1518 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1521 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1522 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1523 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1526 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1527 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1528 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1529 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1532 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1533 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1534 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1537 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1538 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1539 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1540 kernel before rebooting.
1543 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1544 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1545 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1546 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1547 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1548 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1551 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1552 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1553 with the new kernel.
1556 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1557 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1558 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1561 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1562 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1563 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1564 are not already using 3.5.0.
1567 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1568 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1569 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1570 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1571 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1574 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1575 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1576 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1577 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1580 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1581 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1584 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1586 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1587 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1588 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1589 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1590 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1591 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1594 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1595 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1598 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1599 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1600 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1601 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1603 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1604 the instructions for 9.x above.
1606 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1607 default, and do not build clang.
1609 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1610 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1611 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1613 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1614 the following are most likely to appear:
1618 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1619 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1620 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1621 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1622 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1623 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1624 cast, or disable the warning.
1626 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1627 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1628 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1629 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1632 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1633 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1635 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1636 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1637 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1638 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1640 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1641 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1642 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1643 unreachable could be optimized away.
1646 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1647 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1648 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1649 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1650 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1651 the utilities will report errors.
1654 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1655 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1656 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1657 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1658 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1662 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1663 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1666 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1667 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1668 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1671 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1672 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1673 indicate what you need to do.
1675 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1676 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1677 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1679 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1680 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1684 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1685 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1689 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1690 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1694 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1698 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1699 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1700 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1701 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1702 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1703 their next update cycle.
1706 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1707 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1708 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1709 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1713 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1714 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1717 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1718 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1719 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1720 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1721 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1725 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1726 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1728 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1731 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1732 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1733 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1734 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1738 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1739 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1743 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1744 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1745 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1746 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1747 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1750 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1751 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1752 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1755 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1756 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1757 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1760 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1761 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1762 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1763 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1764 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1765 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1766 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1767 "make installworld".
1769 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1770 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1771 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1774 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1775 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1776 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1777 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1778 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1781 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1784 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1785 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1789 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1790 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1791 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1792 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1793 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1794 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1795 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1796 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1797 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1798 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1799 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1800 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1802 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1803 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1804 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1808 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1809 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1812 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1813 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1814 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1815 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1816 build hosts for older releases.
1818 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1819 r276991, respectively.
1822 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1823 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1824 will silently lack HESIOD.
1827 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1828 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1829 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1830 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1831 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1832 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1833 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1834 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1835 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1836 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1837 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1838 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1841 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1842 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1843 with command line option -W.
1846 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1847 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1848 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1849 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1850 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1853 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1856 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1857 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1860 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1861 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1862 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1863 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1864 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1867 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1868 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1869 kernel is still highly recommended.
1872 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1873 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1874 capability mode support in kernel.
1877 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1878 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1879 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1880 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1881 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1884 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1885 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1886 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1887 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1888 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1889 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1892 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1893 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1894 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1895 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1896 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1897 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1898 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1899 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1900 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1903 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1904 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1905 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1906 should change your settings to use the latter.
1909 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1910 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1911 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1912 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1913 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1916 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1917 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1918 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1920 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1922 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1925 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1932 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1933 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1934 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1935 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1936 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1937 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1938 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1940 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1941 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1942 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1943 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1944 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1946 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1947 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1948 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1949 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1950 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1951 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1952 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1953 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1956 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1957 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1958 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1959 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1961 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1962 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1963 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1964 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1965 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1966 should write them with this in mind.
1970 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1973 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1974 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1976 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1978 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1979 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1980 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1982 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1986 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1987 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1988 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1990 make kernel-toolchain
1991 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1992 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1994 To test a kernel once
1995 ---------------------
1996 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1997 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1998 debugging information) run
1999 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2000 nextboot -k testkernel
2002 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2003 -----------------------------------------------------------
2004 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2005 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2007 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2009 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2010 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2012 <reboot in single user> [3]
2019 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2020 --------------------------------------------------
2021 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2022 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2023 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2026 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2029 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2030 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2031 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2032 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2033 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2034 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2035 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2036 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2037 <reboot into current>
2038 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2039 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2043 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2044 ----------------------------------------------
2045 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2047 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2048 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2050 <reboot in single user> [3]
2057 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2058 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2059 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2060 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2061 the UPDATING entries.
2063 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2064 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2065 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2066 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2067 much fewer pitfalls.
2069 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2070 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2073 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2077 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2078 cd src # full path to source
2079 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2080 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2081 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2083 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2084 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2085 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2086 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2087 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2088 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2089 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2091 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2092 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2093 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2094 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2095 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2096 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2098 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2099 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2100 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2102 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2103 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2104 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2105 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2106 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2107 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2108 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2109 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2111 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2112 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2113 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2116 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2117 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2118 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2120 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2121 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2122 warn if it is improperly defined.
2125 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2126 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2127 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2128 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2129 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2131 Copyright information:
2133 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2135 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2136 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2137 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2139 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2140 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2141 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2142 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2143 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2144 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2145 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2146 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2147 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2148 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2149 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2151 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of