1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
31 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
32 requires a clean build.
35 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
36 instructions can be found at
37 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
38 and other documents in that repo.
41 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
42 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
43 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
44 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
47 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
48 may be installed from ports or packages.
51 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
52 See ping(8) for details.
55 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
56 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
57 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
59 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
60 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
61 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
62 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
63 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
66 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
67 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
68 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
69 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
70 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
74 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
75 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
76 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
77 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
79 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
80 command you want to un-auger the tree is
83 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
84 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
87 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
88 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
89 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
90 unless you want to use new features.
92 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
93 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
94 rebuilding world may fail.
96 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
97 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
99 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
100 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
101 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
102 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
105 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
106 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
107 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
108 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
111 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
112 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
116 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
117 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
120 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
121 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
122 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
123 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
126 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
127 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
128 from sources, so a version bump was done.
131 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
132 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
133 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
134 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
137 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
138 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
139 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
140 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
141 continue to function.
143 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
144 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
145 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
146 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
149 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
150 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
151 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
152 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
153 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
154 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
155 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
158 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
159 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
162 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
163 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
164 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
167 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
168 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
169 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
170 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
172 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
173 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
174 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
175 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
179 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
180 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
181 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
182 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
185 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
186 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
189 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
190 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
191 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
192 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
193 be functional without closefrom(2).
196 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
197 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
198 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
199 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
200 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
201 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
204 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
205 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
206 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
207 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
210 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
211 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
212 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
215 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
218 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
219 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
220 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
223 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
224 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
227 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
228 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
229 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
233 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
234 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
238 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
239 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
240 together with their new kernel.
243 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
244 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
245 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
247 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
248 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
251 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
255 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
256 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
257 external toolchain package.
260 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
261 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
262 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
263 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
264 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
267 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
268 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
269 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
270 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
273 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
274 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
275 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
279 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
282 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
283 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
284 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
285 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
288 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
289 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
290 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
293 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
294 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
295 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
296 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
297 differences between those included in the port and those included in
298 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
299 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
300 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
303 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
304 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
308 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
309 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
310 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
311 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
312 add superio to the set.
315 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
316 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
319 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
320 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
321 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
322 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
323 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
324 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
325 completely in the future.
328 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
329 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
330 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
331 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
332 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
333 will be removed from the list.
336 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
337 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
338 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
339 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
342 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
343 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
344 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
345 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
348 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
349 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
350 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
351 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
354 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
355 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
356 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
359 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
360 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
361 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
362 your scripts, because they had no effect.
364 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
365 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
366 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
367 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
368 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
371 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
372 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
373 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
374 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
375 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
376 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
377 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
380 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
381 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
382 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
383 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
386 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
387 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
388 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
389 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
392 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
393 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
394 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
397 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
398 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
399 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
400 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
401 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
402 avoid running into the limit.
405 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
406 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
409 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
410 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
411 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
412 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
413 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
414 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
417 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
418 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
421 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
422 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
423 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
424 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
425 availability properties.
427 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
428 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
429 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
430 initial condition, if desired.
432 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
433 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
435 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
436 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
437 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
438 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
441 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
442 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
443 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
444 therefore unblocked).
447 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
448 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
449 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
450 is added to the command line.
451 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
452 not affected and should continue to work.
455 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
456 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
457 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
458 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
461 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
462 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
463 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
467 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
468 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
472 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
473 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
474 migrating to the drm ports.
477 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
478 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
479 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
480 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
481 is loaded automatically.
484 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
485 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
486 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
490 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
491 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
492 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
493 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
496 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
497 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
498 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
499 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
500 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
504 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
505 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
506 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
508 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
509 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
511 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
512 removed from the mips port.
515 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
516 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
517 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
521 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
522 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
525 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
526 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
527 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
528 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
531 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
532 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
533 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
536 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
537 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
538 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
542 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
543 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
544 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
546 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
547 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
548 being included using the command:
552 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
553 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
556 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
557 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
558 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
559 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
560 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
561 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
562 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
563 that as you will get better support.
565 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
566 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
567 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
568 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
570 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
571 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
572 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
573 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
577 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
578 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
579 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
580 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
581 be adjusted as necessary.
584 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
585 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
586 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
587 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
590 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
591 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
592 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
593 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
597 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
598 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
599 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
600 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
604 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
605 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
606 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
607 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
608 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
609 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
612 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
613 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
614 default since FreeBSD-11.
617 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
618 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
619 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
622 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
623 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
624 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
625 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
626 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
627 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
628 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
630 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
631 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
634 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
635 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
636 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
637 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
638 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
639 may not be observed in a future release.
642 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
643 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
647 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
648 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
649 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
650 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
653 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
654 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
655 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
656 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
660 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
661 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
662 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
665 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
666 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
667 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
668 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
669 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
672 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
673 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
674 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
675 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
676 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
677 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
680 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
681 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
682 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
686 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
687 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
688 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
691 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
692 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
693 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
694 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
695 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
696 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
697 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
698 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
699 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
700 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
704 Big endian arm support has been removed.
707 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
708 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
709 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
710 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
711 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
714 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
715 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
716 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
717 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
718 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
719 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
722 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
723 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
726 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
727 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
728 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
729 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
730 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
731 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
732 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
735 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
736 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
737 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
741 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
742 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
743 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
747 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
748 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
751 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
752 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
756 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
757 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
758 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
759 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
762 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
763 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
764 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
768 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
769 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
770 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
774 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
775 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
776 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
777 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
778 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
779 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
782 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
783 workaround is necessary.
786 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
787 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
788 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
789 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
792 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
793 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
794 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
795 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
796 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
799 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
800 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
801 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
802 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
805 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
806 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
807 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
811 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
812 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
816 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
817 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
821 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
822 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
823 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
824 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
825 microseconds and time zone offsets.
827 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
828 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
829 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
830 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
831 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
832 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
833 adjustments, depending on the software used.
835 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
836 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
839 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
842 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
843 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
844 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
846 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
848 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
849 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
850 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
851 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
852 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
853 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
854 thus expected to continue to function as before.
856 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
860 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
861 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
862 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
865 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
866 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
867 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
868 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
869 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
870 should be as simple as:
872 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
873 $ make depend all install
876 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
877 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
878 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
879 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
880 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
881 provisions for backup boot methods.
884 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
885 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
886 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
890 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
891 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
892 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
896 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
897 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
898 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
900 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
901 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
904 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
905 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
906 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
907 remove it from kernel config files.
910 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
911 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
912 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
914 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
915 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
918 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
919 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
920 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
921 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
924 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
925 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
928 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
929 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
930 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
931 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
934 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
935 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
936 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
937 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
938 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
939 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
942 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
943 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
944 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
947 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
948 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
949 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
950 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
951 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
954 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
955 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
956 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
957 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
958 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
962 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
963 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
964 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
965 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
966 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
967 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
968 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
969 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
970 than hardcoding paths.
973 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
974 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
975 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
978 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
979 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
980 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
981 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
984 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
985 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
988 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
989 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
990 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
991 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
994 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
995 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
996 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
997 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
998 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1001 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1002 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1003 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1004 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1008 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1009 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1010 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1011 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1012 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1015 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1016 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1019 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1020 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1024 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1025 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1029 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1030 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1031 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1032 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1034 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1035 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1036 sandbox if successful.
1038 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1039 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1040 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1041 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1042 an unprivileged user.
1045 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1046 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1047 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1048 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1049 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1050 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1051 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1052 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1053 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1054 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1055 to which you should answer yes.
1058 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1059 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1060 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1061 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1062 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1065 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1066 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1067 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1070 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1071 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1074 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1075 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1076 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1077 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1078 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1079 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1080 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1083 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1084 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1085 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1086 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1087 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1088 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1091 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1092 if you require the GPL compiler.
1095 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1096 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1097 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1100 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1101 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1102 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1106 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1107 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1108 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1109 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1110 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1111 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1114 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1115 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1116 which only require one chipset support.
1118 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1122 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1123 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1124 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1126 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1127 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1130 * load the chip modules in question
1131 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1133 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1134 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1136 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1139 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1140 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1141 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1143 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1144 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1145 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1147 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1148 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1149 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1150 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1151 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1152 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1153 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1154 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1157 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1158 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1159 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1162 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1163 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1164 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1167 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1168 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1169 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1170 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1171 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1172 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1173 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1176 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1177 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1178 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1179 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1182 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1183 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1184 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1187 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1188 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1189 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1192 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1193 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1195 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1196 via one of the following methods:
1197 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1198 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1199 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1200 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1202 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1205 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1206 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1207 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1208 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1212 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1213 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1214 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1215 be prefixed with colon.
1218 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1219 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1220 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1223 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1224 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1225 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1228 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1229 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1230 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1234 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1238 MCA bus support has been removed.
1241 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1242 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1245 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1246 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1249 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1250 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1251 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1255 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1256 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1257 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1260 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1261 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1262 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1265 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1266 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1267 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1270 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1271 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1272 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1273 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1276 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1277 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1279 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1280 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1283 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1284 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1285 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1289 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1290 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1291 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1294 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1295 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1298 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1299 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1300 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1301 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1304 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1305 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1306 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1307 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1308 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1311 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1314 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1315 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1316 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1317 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1320 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1321 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1322 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1326 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1327 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1328 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1329 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1330 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1334 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1335 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1338 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1341 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1342 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1343 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1344 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1345 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1346 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1350 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1351 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1352 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1353 previously contained a line like
1354 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1355 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1356 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1360 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1361 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1362 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1363 built with the old headers.
1366 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1367 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1368 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1369 installing a new libc.
1372 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1373 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1374 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1375 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1376 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1377 packages will be needed.
1379 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1380 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1381 and the install steps.
1384 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1385 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1386 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1387 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1388 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1389 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1392 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1393 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1394 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1395 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1396 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1398 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1399 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1400 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1401 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1402 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1404 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1405 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1406 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1407 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1408 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1409 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1412 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1413 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1414 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1415 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1416 quirks entry to 0x3.
1419 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1420 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1421 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1424 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1425 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1428 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1429 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1430 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1431 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1432 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1433 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1434 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1435 stale .depend files.
1438 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1439 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1440 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1444 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1445 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1446 make -C sys/boot install
1447 <reboot in single user>
1449 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1453 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1454 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1455 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1458 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1459 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1460 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1461 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1462 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1463 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1466 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1467 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1468 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1469 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1470 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1473 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1474 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1475 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1476 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1477 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1480 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1481 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1484 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1485 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1486 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1489 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1490 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1491 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1495 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1496 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1497 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1498 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1499 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1500 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1503 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1504 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1505 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1506 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1510 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1511 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1512 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1515 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1516 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1517 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1519 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1520 collation results will be different.
1522 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1523 locales before running make installworld.
1525 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1528 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1529 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1532 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1533 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1534 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1537 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1538 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1539 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1540 and 'make -N' will not.
1543 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1544 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1545 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1546 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1547 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1548 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1549 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1550 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1553 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1554 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1555 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1556 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1559 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1560 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1561 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1564 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1565 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1566 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1567 userland debug files.
1569 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1570 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1571 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1573 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1574 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1577 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1578 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1579 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1580 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1581 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1582 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1585 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1586 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1587 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1590 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1591 them, the kernel must have
1594 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1596 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1597 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1598 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1599 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1601 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1602 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1605 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1606 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1607 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1610 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1611 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1612 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1613 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1615 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1616 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1617 difference with this change.
1619 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1620 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1621 remove that workaround.
1624 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1625 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1626 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1629 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1632 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1633 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1634 loader.rc.local instead.
1637 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1638 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1639 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1642 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1643 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1644 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1646 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1647 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1650 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1651 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1652 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1653 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1654 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1655 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1656 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1657 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1658 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1659 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1660 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1661 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1664 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1665 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1667 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1668 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1669 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1671 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1672 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1674 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1675 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1676 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1678 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1679 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1680 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1681 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1683 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1684 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1685 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1686 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1688 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1689 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1690 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1691 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1692 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1693 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1694 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1695 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1699 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1700 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1703 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1704 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1707 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1708 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1709 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1710 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1711 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1714 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1715 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1716 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1717 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1720 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1721 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1722 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1723 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1724 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1725 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1726 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1728 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1729 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1730 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1731 replace it with '2'.
1732 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1733 a file path, create a new file with:
1734 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1735 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1736 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1737 5. Restart sendmail:
1738 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1740 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1744 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1745 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1746 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1747 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1750 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1753 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1754 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1755 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1758 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1759 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1762 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1763 same but content is different now
1764 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1765 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1766 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1767 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1768 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1771 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1772 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1773 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1776 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1777 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1780 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1781 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1784 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1785 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1786 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1789 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1790 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1791 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1792 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1795 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1796 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1797 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1800 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1801 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1802 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1803 kernel before rebooting.
1806 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1807 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1808 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1809 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1810 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1811 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1814 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1815 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1816 with the new kernel.
1819 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1820 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1821 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1824 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1825 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1826 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1827 are not already using 3.5.0.
1830 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1831 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1832 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1833 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1834 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1837 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1838 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1839 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1840 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1843 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1844 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1847 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1849 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1850 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1851 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1852 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1853 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1854 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1857 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1858 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1861 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1862 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1863 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1864 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1866 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1867 the instructions for 9.x above.
1869 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1870 default, and do not build clang.
1872 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1873 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1874 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1876 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1877 the following are most likely to appear:
1881 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1882 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1883 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1884 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1885 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1886 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1887 cast, or disable the warning.
1889 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1890 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1891 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1892 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1895 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1896 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1898 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1899 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1900 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1901 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1903 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1904 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1905 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1906 unreachable could be optimized away.
1909 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1910 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1911 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1912 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1913 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1914 the utilities will report errors.
1917 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1918 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1919 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1920 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1921 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1925 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1926 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1929 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1930 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1931 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1934 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1935 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1936 indicate what you need to do.
1938 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1939 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1940 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1942 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1943 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1947 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1948 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1952 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1953 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1957 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1961 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1962 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1963 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1964 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1965 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1966 their next update cycle.
1969 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1970 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1971 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1972 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1976 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1977 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1980 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1981 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1982 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1983 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1984 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1988 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1989 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1991 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1994 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1995 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1996 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1997 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2001 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2002 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2006 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2007 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2008 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2009 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2010 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2013 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2014 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2015 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2018 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2019 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2020 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2023 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2024 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2025 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2026 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2027 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2028 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2029 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2030 "make installworld".
2032 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2033 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2034 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2037 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2038 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2039 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2040 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2041 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2044 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2047 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2048 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2052 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2053 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2054 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2055 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2056 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2057 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2058 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2059 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2060 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2061 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2062 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2063 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2065 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2066 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2067 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2071 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2072 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2075 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2076 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2077 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2078 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2079 build hosts for older releases.
2081 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2082 r276991, respectively.
2085 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2086 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2087 will silently lack HESIOD.
2090 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2091 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2092 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2093 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2094 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2095 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2096 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2097 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2098 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2099 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2100 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2101 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2104 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2105 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2106 with command line option -W.
2109 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2110 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2111 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2112 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2113 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2116 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2119 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2120 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2123 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2124 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2125 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2126 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2127 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2130 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2131 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2132 kernel is still highly recommended.
2135 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2136 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2137 capability mode support in kernel.
2140 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2141 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2142 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2143 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2144 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2147 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2148 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2149 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2150 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2151 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2152 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2155 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2156 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2157 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2158 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2159 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2160 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2161 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2162 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2163 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2166 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2167 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2168 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2169 should change your settings to use the latter.
2172 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2173 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2174 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2175 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2176 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2179 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2180 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2181 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2183 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2185 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2188 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2195 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2196 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2197 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2198 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2199 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2200 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2201 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2202 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2204 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2205 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2206 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2207 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2208 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2209 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2210 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2211 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2214 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2215 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2216 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2217 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2220 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2221 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2222 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2223 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2225 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2226 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2227 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2228 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2229 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2230 should write them with this in mind.
2234 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2237 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2238 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2240 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2242 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2243 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2244 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2245 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2248 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2252 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2253 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2254 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2256 make kernel-toolchain
2257 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2258 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2260 To test a kernel once
2261 ---------------------
2262 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2263 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2264 debugging information) run
2265 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2266 nextboot -k testkernel
2268 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2269 -----------------------------------------------------------
2270 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2271 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2273 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2275 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2276 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2278 <reboot in single user> [3]
2285 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2286 --------------------------------------------------
2287 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2288 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2289 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2292 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2295 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2296 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2297 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2298 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2299 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2300 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2301 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2302 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2303 <reboot into current>
2304 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2305 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2309 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2310 ----------------------------------------------
2311 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2313 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2314 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2316 <reboot in single user> [3]
2323 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2324 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2325 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2326 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2327 the UPDATING entries.
2329 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2330 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2331 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2332 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2333 much fewer pitfalls.
2335 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2336 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2337 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2338 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2339 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2340 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2341 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2342 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2344 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2346 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2350 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2351 cd src # full path to source
2352 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2353 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2354 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2356 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2357 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2358 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2359 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2360 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2361 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2362 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2364 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2365 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2366 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2367 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2368 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2369 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2371 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2372 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2373 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2375 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2376 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2377 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2378 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2379 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2380 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2381 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2382 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2384 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2385 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2386 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2389 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2390 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2391 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2393 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2394 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2395 warn if it is improperly defined.
2398 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2399 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2400 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2401 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2402 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2404 Copyright information:
2406 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2408 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2409 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2410 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2412 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2413 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2414 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2415 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2416 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2417 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2418 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2419 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2420 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2421 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2422 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2424 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of