1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 As of commit 622809b0868f OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
17 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
18 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
19 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
20 application-specific configuration option for applications
21 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
24 Commits 9fb6e613373c and 9ec7dbf46b0a both changed the internal
25 KAPI between the NFS modules. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300514.
26 All NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources.
29 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
30 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
31 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
32 past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
35 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300512 after merging LinuxKPI, OFED,
36 net80211, and driver changes in order to support building
37 Intel wireless iwlwifi drivers. This is especially needed for
38 drm-kmod which needs updates after this.
41 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
42 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
43 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
44 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
45 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
46 to update your sources past the above hash and do
49 % sudo -E make install
50 to enable building kernels again.
53 Commit 8a04edfdcbd2 changes the default minor version
54 used for NFSv4 mounts to the highest minor version supported
55 by the NFSv4 server. This default can be overridden by using
56 the "minorversion" mount option.
57 The consensus of a discussion on freebsd-current@ indicated
58 that this would be acceptable to do and would not be considered
62 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
63 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
66 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
67 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
68 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
69 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
70 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
71 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
75 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
76 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
78 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
81 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
82 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
86 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
87 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
88 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
89 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
90 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
91 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
94 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
95 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
99 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
102 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
103 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
104 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
105 since it was bumped so recently.
108 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
109 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
110 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
111 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
114 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
115 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
116 requires a clean build.
119 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
120 instructions can be found at
121 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
122 and other documents in that repo.
125 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
126 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
127 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
128 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
131 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
132 may be installed from ports or packages.
135 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
136 See ping(8) for details.
139 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
140 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
141 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
143 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
144 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
145 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
146 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
147 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
150 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
151 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
152 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
153 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
154 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
158 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
159 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
160 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
161 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
163 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
164 command you want to un-auger the tree is
167 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
168 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
171 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
172 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
173 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
174 unless you want to use new features.
176 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
177 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
178 rebuilding world may fail.
180 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
181 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
183 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
184 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
185 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
186 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
189 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
190 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
191 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
192 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
195 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
196 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
200 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
201 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
204 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
205 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
206 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
207 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
210 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
211 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
212 from sources, so a version bump was done.
215 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
216 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
217 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
218 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
221 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
222 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
223 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
224 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
225 continue to function.
227 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
228 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
229 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
230 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
233 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
234 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
235 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
236 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
237 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
238 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
239 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
242 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
243 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
246 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
247 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
248 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
251 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
252 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
253 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
254 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
256 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
257 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
258 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
259 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
263 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
264 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
265 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
266 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
269 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
270 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
273 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
274 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
275 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
276 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
277 be functional without closefrom(2).
280 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
281 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
282 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
283 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
284 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
285 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
288 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
289 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
290 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
291 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
294 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
295 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
296 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
299 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
302 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
303 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
304 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
307 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
308 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
311 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
312 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
313 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
317 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
318 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
322 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
323 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
324 together with their new kernel.
327 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
328 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
329 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
331 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
332 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
335 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
339 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
340 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
341 external toolchain package.
344 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
345 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
346 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
347 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
348 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
351 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
352 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
353 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
354 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
357 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
358 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
359 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
363 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
366 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
367 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
368 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
369 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
372 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
373 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
374 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
377 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
378 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
379 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
380 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
381 differences between those included in the port and those included in
382 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
383 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
384 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
387 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
388 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
392 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
393 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
394 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
395 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
396 add superio to the set.
399 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
400 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
403 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
404 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
405 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
406 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
407 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
408 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
409 completely in the future.
412 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
413 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
414 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
415 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
416 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
417 will be removed from the list.
420 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
421 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
422 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
423 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
426 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
427 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
428 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
429 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
432 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
433 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
434 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
435 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
438 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
439 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
440 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
443 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
444 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
445 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
446 your scripts, because they had no effect.
448 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
449 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
450 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
451 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
452 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
455 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
456 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
457 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
458 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
459 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
460 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
461 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
464 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
465 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
466 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
467 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
470 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
471 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
472 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
473 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
476 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
477 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
478 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
481 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
482 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
483 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
484 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
485 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
486 avoid running into the limit.
489 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
490 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
493 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
494 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
495 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
496 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
497 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
498 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
501 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
502 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
505 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
506 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
507 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
508 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
509 availability properties.
511 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
512 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
513 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
514 initial condition, if desired.
516 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
517 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
519 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
520 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
521 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
522 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
525 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
526 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
527 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
528 therefore unblocked).
531 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
532 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
533 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
534 is added to the command line.
535 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
536 not affected and should continue to work.
539 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
540 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
541 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
542 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
545 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
546 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
547 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
551 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
552 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
556 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
557 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
558 migrating to the drm ports.
561 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
562 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
563 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
564 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
565 is loaded automatically.
568 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
569 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
570 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
574 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
575 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
576 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
577 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
580 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
581 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
582 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
583 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
584 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
588 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
589 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
590 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
592 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
593 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
595 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
596 removed from the mips port.
599 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
600 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
601 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
605 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
606 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
609 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
610 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
611 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
612 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
615 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
616 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
617 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
620 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
621 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
622 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
626 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
627 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
628 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
630 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
631 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
632 being included using the command:
636 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
637 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
640 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
641 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
642 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
643 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
644 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
645 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
646 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
647 that as you will get better support.
649 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
650 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
651 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
652 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
654 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
655 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
656 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
657 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
661 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
662 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
663 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
664 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
665 be adjusted as necessary.
668 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
669 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
670 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
671 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
674 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
675 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
676 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
677 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
681 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
682 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
683 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
684 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
688 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
689 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
690 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
691 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
692 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
693 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
696 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
697 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
698 default since FreeBSD-11.
701 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
702 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
703 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
706 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
707 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
708 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
709 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
710 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
711 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
712 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
714 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
715 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
718 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
719 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
720 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
721 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
722 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
723 may not be observed in a future release.
726 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
727 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
731 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
732 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
733 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
734 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
737 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
738 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
739 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
740 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
744 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
745 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
746 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
749 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
750 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
751 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
752 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
753 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
756 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
757 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
758 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
759 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
760 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
761 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
764 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
765 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
766 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
770 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
771 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
772 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
775 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
776 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
777 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
778 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
779 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
780 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
781 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
782 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
783 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
784 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
788 Big endian arm support has been removed.
791 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
792 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
793 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
794 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
795 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
798 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
799 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
800 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
801 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
802 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
803 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
806 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
807 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
810 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
811 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
812 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
813 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
814 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
815 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
816 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
819 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
820 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
821 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
825 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
826 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
827 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
831 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
832 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
835 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
836 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
840 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
841 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
842 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
843 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
846 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
847 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
848 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
852 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
853 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
854 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
858 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
859 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
860 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
861 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
862 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
863 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
866 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
867 workaround is necessary.
870 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
871 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
872 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
873 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
876 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
877 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
878 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
879 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
880 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
883 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
884 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
885 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
886 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
889 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
890 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
891 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
895 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
896 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
900 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
901 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
905 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
906 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
907 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
908 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
909 microseconds and time zone offsets.
911 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
912 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
913 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
914 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
915 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
916 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
917 adjustments, depending on the software used.
919 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
920 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
923 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
926 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
927 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
928 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
930 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
932 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
933 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
934 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
935 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
936 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
937 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
938 thus expected to continue to function as before.
940 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
944 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
945 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
946 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
949 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
950 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
951 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
952 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
953 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
954 should be as simple as:
956 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
957 $ make depend all install
960 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
961 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
962 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
963 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
964 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
965 provisions for backup boot methods.
968 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
969 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
970 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
974 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
975 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
976 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
980 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
981 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
982 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
984 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
985 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
988 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
989 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
990 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
991 remove it from kernel config files.
994 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
995 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
996 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
998 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
999 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1002 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1003 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1004 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1005 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1008 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1009 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1012 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1013 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1014 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1015 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1018 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1019 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1020 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1021 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1022 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1023 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1026 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1027 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1028 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1031 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1032 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1033 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1034 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1035 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1038 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1039 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1040 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1041 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1042 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1046 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1047 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1048 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1049 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1050 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1051 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1052 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1053 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1054 than hardcoding paths.
1057 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1058 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1059 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1062 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1063 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1064 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1065 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1068 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1069 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1072 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1073 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1074 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1075 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1078 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1079 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1080 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1081 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1082 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1085 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1086 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1087 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1088 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1092 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1093 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1094 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1095 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1096 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1099 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1100 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1103 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1104 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1108 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1109 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1113 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1114 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1115 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1116 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1118 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1119 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1120 sandbox if successful.
1122 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1123 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1124 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1125 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1126 an unprivileged user.
1129 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1130 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1131 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1132 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1133 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1134 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1135 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1136 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1137 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1138 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1139 to which you should answer yes.
1142 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1143 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1144 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1145 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1146 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1149 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1150 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1151 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1154 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1155 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1158 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1159 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1160 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1161 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1162 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1163 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1164 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1167 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1168 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1169 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1170 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1171 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1172 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1175 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1176 if you require the GPL compiler.
1179 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1180 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1181 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1184 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1185 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1186 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1190 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1191 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1192 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1193 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1194 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1195 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1198 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1199 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1200 which only require one chipset support.
1202 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1206 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1207 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1208 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1210 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1211 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1214 * load the chip modules in question
1215 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1217 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1218 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1220 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1223 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1224 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1225 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1227 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1228 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1229 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1231 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1232 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1233 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1234 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1235 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1236 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1237 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1238 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1241 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1242 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1243 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1246 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1247 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1248 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1251 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1252 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1253 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1254 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1255 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1256 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1257 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1260 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1261 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1262 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1263 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1266 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1267 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1268 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1271 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1272 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1273 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1276 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1277 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1279 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1280 via one of the following methods:
1281 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1282 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1283 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1284 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1286 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1289 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1290 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1291 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1292 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1296 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1297 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1298 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1299 be prefixed with colon.
1302 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1303 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1304 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1307 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1308 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1309 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1312 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1313 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1314 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1318 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1322 MCA bus support has been removed.
1325 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1326 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1329 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1330 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1333 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1334 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1335 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1339 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1340 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1341 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1344 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1345 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1346 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1349 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1350 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1351 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1354 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1355 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1356 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1357 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1360 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1361 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1363 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1364 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1367 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1368 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1369 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1373 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1374 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1375 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1378 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1379 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1382 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1383 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1384 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1385 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1388 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1389 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1390 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1391 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1392 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1395 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1398 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1399 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1400 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1401 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1404 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1405 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1406 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1410 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1411 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1412 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1413 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1414 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1418 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1419 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1422 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1425 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1426 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1427 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1428 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1429 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1430 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1434 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1435 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1436 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1437 previously contained a line like
1438 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1439 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1440 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1444 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1445 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1446 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1447 built with the old headers.
1450 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1451 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1452 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1453 installing a new libc.
1456 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1457 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1458 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1459 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1460 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1461 packages will be needed.
1463 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1464 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1465 and the install steps.
1468 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1469 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1470 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1471 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1472 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1473 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1476 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1477 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1478 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1479 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1480 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1482 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1483 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1484 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1485 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1486 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1488 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1489 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1490 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1491 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1492 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1493 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1496 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1497 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1498 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1499 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1500 quirks entry to 0x3.
1503 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1504 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1505 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1508 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1509 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1512 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1513 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1514 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1515 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1516 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1517 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1518 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1519 stale .depend files.
1522 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1523 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1524 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1528 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1529 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1530 make -C sys/boot install
1531 <reboot in single user>
1533 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1537 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1538 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1539 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1542 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1543 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1544 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1545 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1546 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1547 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1550 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1551 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1552 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1553 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1554 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1557 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1558 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1559 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1560 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1561 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1564 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1565 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1568 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1569 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1570 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1573 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1574 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1575 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1579 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1580 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1581 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1582 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1583 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1584 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1587 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1588 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1589 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1590 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1594 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1595 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1596 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1599 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1600 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1601 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1603 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1604 collation results will be different.
1606 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1607 locales before running make installworld.
1609 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1612 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1613 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1616 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1617 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1618 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1621 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1622 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1623 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1624 and 'make -N' will not.
1627 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1628 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1629 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1630 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1631 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1632 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1633 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1634 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1637 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1638 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1639 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1640 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1643 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1644 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1645 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1648 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1649 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1650 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1651 userland debug files.
1653 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1654 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1655 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1657 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1658 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1661 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1662 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1663 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1664 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1665 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1666 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1669 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1670 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1671 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1674 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1675 them, the kernel must have
1678 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1680 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1681 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1682 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1683 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1685 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1686 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1689 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1690 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1691 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1694 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1695 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1696 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1697 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1699 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1700 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1701 difference with this change.
1703 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1704 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1705 remove that workaround.
1708 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1709 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1710 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1713 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1716 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1717 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1718 loader.rc.local instead.
1721 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1722 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1723 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1726 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1727 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1728 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1730 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1731 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1734 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1735 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1736 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1737 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1738 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1739 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1740 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1741 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1742 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1743 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1744 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1745 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1748 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1749 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1751 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1752 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1753 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1755 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1756 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1758 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1759 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1760 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1762 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1763 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1764 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1765 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1767 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1768 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1769 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1770 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1772 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1773 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1774 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1775 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1776 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1777 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1778 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1779 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1783 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1784 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1787 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1788 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1791 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1792 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1793 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1794 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1795 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1798 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1799 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1800 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1801 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1804 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1805 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1806 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1807 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1808 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1809 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1810 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1812 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1813 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1814 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1815 replace it with '2'.
1816 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1817 a file path, create a new file with:
1818 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1819 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1820 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1821 5. Restart sendmail:
1822 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1824 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1828 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1829 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1830 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1831 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1834 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1837 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1838 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1839 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1842 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1843 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1846 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1847 same but content is different now
1848 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1849 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1850 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1851 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1852 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1855 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1856 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1857 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1860 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1861 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1864 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1865 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1868 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1869 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1870 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1873 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1874 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1875 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1876 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1879 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1880 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1881 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1884 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1885 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1886 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1887 kernel before rebooting.
1890 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1891 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1892 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1893 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1894 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1895 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1898 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1899 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1900 with the new kernel.
1903 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1904 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1905 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1908 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1909 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1910 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1911 are not already using 3.5.0.
1914 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1915 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1916 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1917 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1918 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1921 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1922 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1923 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1924 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1927 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1928 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1931 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1933 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1934 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1935 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1936 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1937 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1938 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1941 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1942 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1945 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1946 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1947 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1948 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1950 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1951 the instructions for 9.x above.
1953 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1954 default, and do not build clang.
1956 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1957 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1958 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1960 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1961 the following are most likely to appear:
1965 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1966 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1967 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1968 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1969 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1970 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1971 cast, or disable the warning.
1973 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1974 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1975 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1976 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1979 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1980 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1982 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1983 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1984 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1985 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1987 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1988 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1989 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1990 unreachable could be optimized away.
1993 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1994 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1995 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1996 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1997 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1998 the utilities will report errors.
2001 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2002 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2003 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2004 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2005 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2009 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2010 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2013 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2014 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2015 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2018 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2019 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2020 indicate what you need to do.
2022 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2023 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2024 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2026 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2027 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2031 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2032 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2036 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2037 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2041 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2045 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2046 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2047 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2048 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2049 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2050 their next update cycle.
2053 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2054 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2055 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2056 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2060 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2061 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2064 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2065 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2066 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2067 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2068 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2072 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2073 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2075 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2078 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2079 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2080 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2081 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2085 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2086 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2090 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2091 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2092 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2093 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2094 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2097 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2098 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2099 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2102 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2103 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2104 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2107 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2108 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2109 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2110 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2111 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2112 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2113 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2114 "make installworld".
2116 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2117 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2118 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2121 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2122 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2123 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2124 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2125 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2128 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2131 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2132 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2136 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2137 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2138 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2139 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2140 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2141 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2142 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2143 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2144 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2145 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2146 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2147 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2149 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2150 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2151 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2155 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2156 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2159 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2160 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2161 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2162 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2163 build hosts for older releases.
2165 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2166 r276991, respectively.
2169 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2170 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2171 will silently lack HESIOD.
2174 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2175 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2176 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2177 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2178 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2179 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2180 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2181 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2182 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2183 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2184 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2185 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2188 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2189 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2190 with command line option -W.
2193 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2194 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2195 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2196 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2197 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2200 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2203 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2204 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2207 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2208 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2209 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2210 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2211 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2214 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2215 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2216 kernel is still highly recommended.
2219 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2220 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2221 capability mode support in kernel.
2224 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2225 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2226 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2227 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2228 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2231 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2232 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2233 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2234 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2235 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2236 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2239 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2240 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2241 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2242 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2243 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2244 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2245 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2246 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2247 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2250 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2251 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2252 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2253 should change your settings to use the latter.
2256 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2257 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2258 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2259 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2260 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2263 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2264 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2265 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2267 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2269 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2272 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2279 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2280 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2281 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2282 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2283 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2284 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2285 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2286 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2288 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2289 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2290 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2291 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2292 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2293 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2294 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2295 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2298 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2299 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2300 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2301 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2304 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2305 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2306 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2307 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2309 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2310 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2311 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2312 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2313 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2314 should write them with this in mind.
2318 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2321 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2322 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2324 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2326 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2327 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2328 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2329 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2332 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2336 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2337 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2338 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2340 make kernel-toolchain
2341 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2342 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2344 To test a kernel once
2345 ---------------------
2346 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2347 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2348 debugging information) run
2349 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2350 nextboot -k testkernel
2352 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2353 -----------------------------------------------------------
2354 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2355 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2357 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2359 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2360 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2362 <reboot in single user> [3]
2369 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2370 --------------------------------------------------
2371 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2372 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2373 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2376 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2379 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2380 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2381 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2382 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2383 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2384 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2385 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2386 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2387 <reboot into current>
2388 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2389 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2393 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2394 ----------------------------------------------
2395 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2397 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2398 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2400 <reboot in single user> [3]
2407 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2408 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2409 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2410 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2411 the UPDATING entries.
2413 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2414 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2415 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2416 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2417 much fewer pitfalls.
2419 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2420 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2421 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2422 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2423 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2424 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2425 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2426 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2428 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2430 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2434 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2435 cd src # full path to source
2436 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2437 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2438 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2440 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2441 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2442 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2443 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2444 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2445 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2446 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2448 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2449 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2450 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2451 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2452 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2453 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2455 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2456 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2457 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2459 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2460 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2461 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2462 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2463 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2464 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2465 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2466 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2468 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2469 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2470 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2473 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2474 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2475 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2477 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2478 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2479 warn if it is improperly defined.
2482 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2483 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2484 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2485 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2486 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2488 Copyright information:
2490 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2492 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2493 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2494 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2496 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2497 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2498 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2499 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2500 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2501 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2502 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2503 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2504 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2505 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2506 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2508 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of