1 Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
32 Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
33 moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
34 loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
36 The following sequencing is applied:
39 /boot/defaults/loader.conf
41 2. Read loader_conf_files files:
45 3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
46 /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
48 4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
49 /boot/loader.conf.local
52 sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged. This version enforces
53 stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
54 endings. This may cause issues with receiving messages from
55 non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
56 contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
59 Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
60 the nfscommon and nfscl modules. As such, both need to be
61 rebuilt from sources. Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
65 If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
66 loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point. Detection of ACPI
67 was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
68 binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
69 undisable ACPI by doing
70 OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
71 This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
72 small window where amd64 was also broken.
75 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled
76 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
79 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
80 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
83 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
84 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources.
87 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
88 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
89 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
92 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
98 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option
99 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
100 custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
103 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
104 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
105 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
108 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
109 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
112 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
113 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
114 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
115 for these file moves:
117 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
118 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
122 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
123 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
124 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
125 corresponding kernel environment variables.
128 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
129 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
132 FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
135 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
136 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
137 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
140 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
141 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
142 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
143 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
144 with the serial port at 115200.
147 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
148 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
149 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
150 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
151 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
154 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
155 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
158 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
159 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
160 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
161 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
162 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
165 stable/14 branch created.
168 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
169 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
170 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
171 file a PR and assign it to imp.
174 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
175 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software
179 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
180 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
181 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
182 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
184 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
187 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
188 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
191 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
192 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
193 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
194 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
195 already properly quoted or escaped.
198 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
199 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
200 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
201 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
202 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
203 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on
204 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
205 please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
207 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
208 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
211 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
215 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
219 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
221 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
224 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
225 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
226 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
227 "device imx6_ipu" to it.
228 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
229 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
230 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
234 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
238 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
239 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
240 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
243 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
244 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
247 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
248 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
249 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
252 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
253 system are now built unconditionally.
256 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
257 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
260 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
261 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
263 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
264 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
265 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
268 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
269 to reenable sendmail(8):
271 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
273 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
276 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
277 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
278 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
279 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
280 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
281 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
283 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
286 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
287 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
288 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
291 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
292 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
295 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
296 for pkgbase users to do:
298 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
299 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
301 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
305 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can
306 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
307 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
308 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
311 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
312 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
315 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
316 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
317 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
318 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
322 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
323 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
326 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
327 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
328 the coming days and weeks.
330 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
332 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
333 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
334 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
335 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
336 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
339 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
340 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
341 statement in unbound.conf:
342 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
344 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
346 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
347 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
348 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
349 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
350 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
351 such names when roaming to different homenets.
354 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
355 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
356 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
357 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
358 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
359 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
360 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
361 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
362 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
363 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
364 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
367 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
371 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
372 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
373 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
374 may need to be modified.
377 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
378 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
379 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
382 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
383 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
388 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
389 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
390 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
394 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
395 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
396 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
397 list of modules to load on their systems.
400 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
401 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
402 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
403 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
406 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
407 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
408 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
412 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
413 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
414 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
415 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
416 application-specific configuration option for applications
417 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
420 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
421 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
424 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
425 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
426 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
427 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
430 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
431 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
432 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
435 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
436 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
437 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
440 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
441 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
442 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
443 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
444 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
445 to update your sources past the above hash and do
448 % sudo -E make install
449 to enable building kernels again.
452 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
453 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
454 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
457 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
458 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
461 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
462 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
464 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
467 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
468 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
469 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
470 additions and others.
473 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
474 renamed to "untrusted".
477 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
478 please install the svn package or port.
481 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
482 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
483 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
486 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
489 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
490 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
491 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
492 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
493 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
494 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
495 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
498 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
499 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
500 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
504 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
505 libraries and utilities are packaged.
506 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
507 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
508 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
509 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
513 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
514 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
515 need to be rebuilt from sources.
516 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
517 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
521 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
522 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
523 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
524 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
525 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
526 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
529 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
530 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
531 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
532 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
535 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
536 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
537 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
540 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
541 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
545 stable/13 branch created.
548 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
549 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
550 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
551 since it was bumped so recently.
554 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
555 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
556 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
557 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
560 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
561 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
562 requires a clean build.
565 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
566 instructions can be found at
567 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
568 and other documents in that repo.
571 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
572 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
573 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
574 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
577 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
578 may be installed from ports or packages.
581 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
582 See ping(8) for details.
585 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
586 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
587 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
590 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
591 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
592 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
593 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
594 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
597 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
598 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
599 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
600 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
601 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
605 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
606 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
607 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
608 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
610 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
611 command you want to un-auger the tree is
614 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
615 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
618 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
619 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
620 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
621 unless you want to use new features.
623 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
624 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
625 rebuilding world may fail.
627 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
628 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
630 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
631 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
632 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
633 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
636 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
637 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
638 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
639 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
642 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
643 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
647 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
648 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
651 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
652 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
653 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
654 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
657 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
658 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
659 from sources, so a version bump was done.
662 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
663 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
664 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
665 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
668 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
669 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
670 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
671 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
672 continue to function.
674 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
675 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
676 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
677 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
680 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
681 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
682 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
683 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
684 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
685 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
686 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
689 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
690 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
693 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
694 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
695 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
698 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
699 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
700 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
701 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
703 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
704 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
705 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
706 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
710 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
711 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
712 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
713 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
716 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
717 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
720 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
721 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
722 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
723 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
724 be functional without closefrom(2).
727 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
728 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
729 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
730 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
731 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
732 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
735 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
736 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
737 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
738 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
741 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
742 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
743 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
746 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
749 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
750 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
751 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
754 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
755 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
758 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
759 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
760 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
764 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
765 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
769 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
770 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
771 together with their new kernel.
774 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
775 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
776 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
778 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
779 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
782 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
786 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
787 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
788 external toolchain package.
791 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
792 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
793 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
794 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
795 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
798 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
799 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
800 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
801 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
804 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
805 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
806 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
810 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
813 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
814 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
815 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
816 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
819 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
820 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
821 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
824 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
825 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
826 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
827 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
828 differences between those included in the port and those included in
829 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
830 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
831 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
834 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
835 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
839 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
840 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
841 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
842 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
843 add superio to the set.
846 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
847 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
850 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
851 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
852 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
853 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
854 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
855 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
856 completely in the future.
859 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
860 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
861 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
862 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
863 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
864 will be removed from the list.
867 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
868 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
869 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
870 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
873 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
874 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
875 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
876 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
879 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
880 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
881 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
882 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
885 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
886 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
887 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
890 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
891 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
892 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
893 your scripts, because they had no effect.
895 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
896 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
897 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
898 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
899 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
902 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
903 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
904 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
905 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
906 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
907 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
908 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
911 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
912 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
913 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
914 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
917 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
918 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
919 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
920 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
923 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
924 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
925 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
928 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
929 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
930 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
931 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
932 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
933 avoid running into the limit.
936 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
937 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
940 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
941 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
942 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
943 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
944 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
945 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
948 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
949 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
952 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
953 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
954 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
955 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
956 availability properties.
958 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
959 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
960 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
961 initial condition, if desired.
963 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
964 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
966 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
967 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
968 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
969 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
972 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
973 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
974 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
975 therefore unblocked).
978 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
979 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
980 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
981 is added to the command line.
982 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
983 not affected and should continue to work.
986 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
987 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
988 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
989 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
992 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
993 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
994 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
998 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
999 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1003 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1004 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1005 migrating to the drm ports.
1008 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
1009 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1010 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
1011 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1012 is loaded automatically.
1015 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1016 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1017 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1018 kernel config files.
1021 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1022 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1023 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1024 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1027 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1028 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
1029 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1030 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1031 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1035 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1036 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1037 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1039 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1040 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1042 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1043 removed from the mips port.
1046 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1047 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1048 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1052 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
1053 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1056 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1057 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1058 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
1059 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1062 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1063 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1064 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1067 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1068 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1069 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1073 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1074 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1075 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1077 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1078 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1079 being included using the command:
1083 Stable/12 was branched created.
1086 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1087 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1090 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1091 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1092 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1093 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1094 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1095 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1096 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1097 that as you will get better support.
1099 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1100 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1101 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1102 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1104 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1105 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1106 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1107 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1111 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
1112 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1113 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1114 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1115 be adjusted as necessary.
1118 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
1119 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
1120 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
1121 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1124 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1125 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1126 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1127 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1131 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1132 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1133 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1134 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1138 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1139 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1140 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1141 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1142 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1143 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1146 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1147 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1148 default since FreeBSD-11.
1151 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1152 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
1153 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1156 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1157 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1158 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1159 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1160 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
1161 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1162 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1164 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1165 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1168 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1169 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1170 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1171 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1172 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1173 may not be observed in a future release.
1176 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
1177 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1181 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1182 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1183 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1184 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1187 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1188 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1189 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1190 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1194 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1195 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1196 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1199 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1200 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1201 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1202 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1203 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1206 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1207 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1208 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1209 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1210 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1211 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1214 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1215 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1216 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1219 in /boot/loader.conf
1220 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1221 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1222 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1225 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1226 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1227 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1228 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1229 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1230 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1231 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1232 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1233 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1234 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1238 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1241 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1242 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1243 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1244 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1245 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1248 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1249 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1250 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1251 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1252 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1253 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1256 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1257 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1260 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1261 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1262 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1263 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1264 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1265 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1266 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1269 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1270 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1271 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1275 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1276 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1277 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1281 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1282 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1285 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1286 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1290 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1291 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1292 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1293 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1296 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1297 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1298 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1302 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1303 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1304 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1308 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1309 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1310 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1311 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1312 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1313 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1316 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1317 workaround is necessary.
1320 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1321 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1322 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1323 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1326 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1327 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1328 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1329 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1330 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1333 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1334 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1335 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1336 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1339 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1340 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1341 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1345 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1346 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1350 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1351 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1355 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1356 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1357 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1358 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1359 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1361 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1362 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1363 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1364 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1365 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1366 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1367 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1369 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1370 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1373 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1376 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1377 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1378 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1380 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1382 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1383 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1384 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1385 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1386 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1387 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1388 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1390 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1394 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1395 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1396 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1399 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1400 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1401 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1402 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1403 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1404 should be as simple as:
1406 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1407 $ make depend all install
1410 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1411 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1412 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1413 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1414 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1415 provisions for backup boot methods.
1418 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1419 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1420 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1424 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1425 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1426 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1430 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1431 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1432 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1434 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1435 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1438 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1439 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1440 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1441 remove it from kernel config files.
1444 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1445 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1446 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1448 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1449 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1452 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1453 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1454 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1455 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1458 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1459 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1462 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1463 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1464 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1465 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1468 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1469 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1470 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1471 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1472 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1473 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1476 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1477 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1478 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1481 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1482 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1483 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1484 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1485 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1488 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1489 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1490 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1491 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1492 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1496 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1497 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1498 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1499 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1500 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1501 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1502 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1503 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1504 than hardcoding paths.
1507 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1508 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1509 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1512 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1513 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1514 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1515 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1518 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1519 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1522 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1523 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1524 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1525 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1528 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1529 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1530 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1531 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1532 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1535 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1536 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1537 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1538 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1542 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1543 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1544 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1545 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1546 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1549 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1550 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1553 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1554 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1558 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1559 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1563 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1564 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1565 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1566 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1568 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1569 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1570 sandbox if successful.
1572 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1573 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1574 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1575 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1576 an unprivileged user.
1579 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1580 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1581 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1582 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1583 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1584 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1585 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1586 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1587 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1588 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1589 to which you should answer yes.
1592 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1593 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1594 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1595 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1596 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1599 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1600 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1601 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1604 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1605 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1608 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1609 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1610 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1611 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1612 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1613 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1614 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1617 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1618 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1619 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1620 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1621 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1622 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1625 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1626 if you require the GPL compiler.
1629 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1630 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1631 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1632 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1633 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1634 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1637 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1638 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1639 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1642 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1643 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1644 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1648 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1649 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1650 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1651 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1652 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1653 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1656 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1657 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1658 which only require one chipset support.
1660 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1664 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1665 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1666 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1668 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1669 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1672 * load the chip modules in question
1673 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1675 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1676 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1678 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1681 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1682 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1683 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1685 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1686 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1687 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1689 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1690 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1691 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1692 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1693 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1694 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1695 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1696 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1699 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1700 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1701 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1704 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1705 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1706 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1709 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1710 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1711 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1712 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1713 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1714 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1715 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1718 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1719 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1720 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1721 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1724 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1725 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1726 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1729 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1730 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1731 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1734 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1735 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1737 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1738 via one of the following methods:
1739 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1740 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1741 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1742 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1744 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1747 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1748 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1749 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1750 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1754 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1755 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1756 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1757 be prefixed with colon.
1760 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1761 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1762 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1765 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1766 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1767 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1770 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1771 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1772 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1776 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1780 MCA bus support has been removed.
1783 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1784 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1787 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1788 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1791 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1792 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1793 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1797 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1798 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1799 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1802 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1803 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1804 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1807 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1808 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1809 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1812 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1813 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1814 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1815 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1818 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1819 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1821 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1822 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1825 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1826 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1827 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1831 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1832 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1833 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1836 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1837 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1840 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1841 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1842 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1843 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1846 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1847 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1848 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1849 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1850 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1853 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1856 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1857 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1858 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1859 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1862 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1863 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1864 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1868 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1869 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1870 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1871 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1872 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1876 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1877 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1880 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1882 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1883 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1884 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1891 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1892 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1893 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1894 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1895 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1896 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1897 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1898 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1900 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1901 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1902 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1903 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1904 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1905 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1906 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1907 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1910 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1911 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1912 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1913 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1916 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1917 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1918 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1919 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1921 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1922 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1923 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1924 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1925 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1926 should write them with this in mind.
1930 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1931 always follow these three steps:
1933 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1934 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1936 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1937 doing a zpool upgrade):
1939 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1940 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1941 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1942 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1944 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1945 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1948 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1953 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1954 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1955 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1956 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1957 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1958 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1959 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1960 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1962 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1963 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1964 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1965 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1967 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1968 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1969 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1970 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1972 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1976 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1977 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1978 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1980 make kernel-toolchain
1981 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1982 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1984 To test a kernel once
1985 ---------------------
1986 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1987 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1988 debugging information) run
1989 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1990 nextboot -k testkernel
1992 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1993 -----------------------------------------------------------
1994 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1995 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1997 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1999 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2000 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2002 <reboot in single user> [3]
2009 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2010 --------------------------------------------------
2011 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2012 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2013 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2016 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2019 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2020 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2021 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2022 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2023 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2024 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2025 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2026 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2027 <reboot into current>
2028 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2029 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2033 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2034 ----------------------------------------------
2035 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2037 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2038 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2040 <reboot in single user> [3]
2047 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2048 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2049 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2050 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2051 the UPDATING entries.
2053 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2054 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2055 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2056 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2057 much fewer pitfalls.
2059 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2060 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2061 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2062 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2063 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2064 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2065 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2066 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2068 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2070 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2074 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2075 cd src # full path to source
2076 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2077 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2078 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2080 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2081 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2082 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2083 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2084 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2085 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2087 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2088 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2091 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2092 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2093 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2095 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2096 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2097 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2098 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2099 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2100 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2101 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2102 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2104 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2105 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2106 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2109 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2110 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2111 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2113 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2114 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2115 warn if it is improperly defined.
2118 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2119 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2120 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2121 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2122 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2124 Copyright information:
2126 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2128 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2129 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2130 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2132 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2133 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2134 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2135 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2136 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2137 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2138 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2139 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2140 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2141 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2142 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2144 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of