1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17 from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20 FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
24 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
25 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
26 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
30 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
35 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
36 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
40 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
41 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
42 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
43 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
46 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
47 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
48 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
49 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
53 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
54 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
55 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
58 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
59 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
60 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
61 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
62 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
65 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
66 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
67 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
68 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
69 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
70 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
73 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
74 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
75 setup a frambuffer for us to use, just add :
79 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
80 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
81 u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
84 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
85 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
86 existing systems. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
87 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
88 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
89 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
90 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
91 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
95 Big endian arm support has been removed.
98 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
99 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
100 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
101 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
102 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
105 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
106 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
107 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
108 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
109 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
110 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
113 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
114 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
117 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
118 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
119 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
120 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
121 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
122 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
123 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
126 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
127 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
128 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
132 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
133 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
134 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file.
137 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
138 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
141 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
142 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
143 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
144 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
147 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
148 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
149 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
153 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
154 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
155 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
159 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
160 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
161 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
162 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
163 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
164 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
168 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
169 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was aquired by Exar and
170 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
171 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
174 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
175 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
176 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
177 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
178 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
181 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
182 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
183 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
184 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
187 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
188 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
189 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
193 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
194 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
198 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
199 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
203 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
204 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
205 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
206 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
207 microseconds and time zone offsets.
209 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
210 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
211 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
212 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
213 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
214 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
215 adjustments, depending on the software used.
217 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
218 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
221 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
224 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
225 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
226 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
228 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
230 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
231 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
232 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
233 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
234 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
235 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
236 thus expected to continue to function as before.
238 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
242 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
243 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
244 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
247 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
248 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
249 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
250 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
251 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
252 should be as simple as:
254 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
255 $ make depend all install
258 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
259 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
260 Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
261 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
262 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
263 provisions for backup boot methods.
266 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
267 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
268 be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
271 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
272 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
273 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
277 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
278 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
279 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
281 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
282 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
285 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
286 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
287 needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
288 from kernel config files.
291 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
292 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
293 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
295 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
296 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
299 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
300 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
301 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
302 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
305 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
306 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
309 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
310 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
311 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
312 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
315 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
316 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
317 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
318 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
319 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
320 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
323 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
324 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
325 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
328 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
329 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
330 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
331 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
332 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
335 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
336 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
337 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
338 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
339 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
343 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
344 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
345 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
346 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
347 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
348 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
349 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
350 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
351 than hardcoding paths.
354 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
355 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
356 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
359 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
360 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
361 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
362 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
365 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
366 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
369 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
370 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
371 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
372 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
375 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
376 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
377 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
378 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
379 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
382 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
383 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
384 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
385 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
389 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
390 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
391 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
392 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
393 soft-float everything else should be affected.
396 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
397 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
400 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
401 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
405 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
406 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
410 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
411 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
412 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
413 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
415 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
416 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
417 sandbox if successful.
419 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
420 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
421 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
422 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
423 an unprivileged user.
426 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
427 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
428 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
429 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
430 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
431 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
432 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
433 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
434 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
435 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
436 to which you should answer yes.
439 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
440 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
441 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
442 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
443 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
446 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
447 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
448 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
451 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
452 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
455 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
456 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
457 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
458 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
459 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
460 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
461 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
464 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
465 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
466 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
467 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
468 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
469 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
472 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
473 if you require the GPL compiler.
476 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
477 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
478 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
481 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
482 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
483 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
487 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
488 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
489 from ports (and recommends to install it).
490 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
491 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
492 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
495 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
496 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
497 which only require one chipset support.
499 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
503 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
504 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
505 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
507 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
508 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
511 * load the chip modules in question
512 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
514 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
515 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
517 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
520 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
521 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
522 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
524 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
525 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
526 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
528 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
529 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the
530 full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
531 everything and install it on the current system." Specifically,
532 a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
536 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
537 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
538 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
541 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
542 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
543 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
546 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
547 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
548 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
549 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
550 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
551 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
552 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
555 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
556 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
557 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
558 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
561 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
562 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
563 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
566 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
567 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
568 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
571 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
572 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
574 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
575 via one of the following methods:
576 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
577 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
578 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
579 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
581 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
584 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
585 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
586 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
587 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
591 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
592 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
593 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
594 be prefixed with colon.
597 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
598 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
599 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
602 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
603 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
604 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
607 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
608 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
609 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
613 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
617 MCA bus support has been removed.
620 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
621 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
624 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
625 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
628 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
629 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
630 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
633 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
634 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
635 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
638 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
639 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
640 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
643 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
644 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
645 that link against it need to be recompiled.
648 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
649 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
650 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
651 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
654 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
655 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
657 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
658 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
661 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
662 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
663 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
667 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
668 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
669 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
672 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
673 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
676 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
677 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
678 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
679 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
682 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
683 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
684 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
685 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
686 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
689 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
692 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
693 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
694 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
695 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
698 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
699 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
700 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
704 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
705 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
706 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
707 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
708 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
712 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
713 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
716 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
719 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
720 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
721 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
722 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
723 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
724 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
728 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
729 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
730 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
731 previously contained a line like
732 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
733 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
734 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
738 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
739 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
740 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
741 built with the old headers.
744 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
745 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
746 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
747 installing a new libc.
750 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
751 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
752 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
753 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
754 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
755 packages will be needed.
757 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
758 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
759 and the install steps.
762 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
763 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
764 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
765 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
766 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
767 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
770 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
771 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
772 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
773 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
774 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
776 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
777 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
778 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
779 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
780 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
782 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
783 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
784 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
785 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
786 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
787 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
790 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
791 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
792 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
793 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
797 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
798 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
799 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
802 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
803 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
806 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
807 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
808 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
809 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
810 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
811 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
812 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
816 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
817 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
818 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
822 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
823 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
824 make -C sys/boot install
825 <reboot in single user>
827 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
831 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
832 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
833 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
836 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
837 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
838 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
839 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
840 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
841 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
844 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
845 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
846 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
847 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
848 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
851 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
852 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
853 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
854 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
855 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
858 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
859 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
862 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
863 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
864 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
867 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
868 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
869 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
873 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
874 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
875 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
876 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
877 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
878 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
881 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
882 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
883 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
884 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
888 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
889 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
890 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
893 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
894 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
895 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
897 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
898 collation results will be different.
900 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
901 locales before running make installworld.
903 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
906 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
907 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
910 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
911 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
912 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
915 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
916 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
917 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
918 and 'make -N' will not.
921 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
922 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
923 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
924 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
925 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
926 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
927 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
928 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
931 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
932 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
933 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
934 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
937 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
938 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
939 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
942 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
943 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
944 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
945 userland debug files.
947 When using the supported kernel installation method the
948 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
949 as is done with /boot/kernel.
951 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
952 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
955 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
956 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
957 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
958 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
959 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
960 rc.d scripts in /etc.
963 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
964 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
965 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
968 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
969 them, the kernel must have
972 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
974 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
975 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
976 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
977 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
979 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
980 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
983 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
984 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
985 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
988 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
989 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
990 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
991 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
993 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
994 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
995 difference with this change.
997 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
998 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
999 remove that workaround.
1002 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1003 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1004 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1007 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1010 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1011 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1012 loader.rc.local instead.
1015 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1016 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1017 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1020 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1021 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1022 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1024 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1025 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1028 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1029 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1030 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1031 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1032 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1033 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1034 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1035 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1036 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1037 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1038 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1039 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1042 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1043 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1045 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1046 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1047 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1049 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1050 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1052 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1053 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1054 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1056 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1057 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1058 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1059 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1061 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1062 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1063 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1064 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1066 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1067 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1068 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1069 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1070 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1071 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1072 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1073 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1077 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1078 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1081 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1082 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1085 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1086 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1087 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1088 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1089 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1092 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1093 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1094 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1095 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1098 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1099 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1100 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1101 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1102 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1103 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1104 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1106 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1107 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1108 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1109 replace it with '2'.
1110 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1111 a file path, create a new file with:
1112 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1113 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1114 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1115 5. Restart sendmail:
1116 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1118 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1122 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1123 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1124 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1125 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1128 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1131 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1132 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1133 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1136 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1137 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1140 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1141 same but content is different now
1142 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1143 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1144 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1145 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1146 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1149 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1150 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1151 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1154 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1155 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1158 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1159 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1162 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1163 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1164 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1167 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1168 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1169 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1170 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1173 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1174 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1175 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1178 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1179 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1180 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1181 kernel before rebooting.
1184 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1185 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1186 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1187 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1188 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1189 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1192 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1193 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1194 with the new kernel.
1197 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1198 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1199 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1202 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1203 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1204 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1205 are not already using 3.5.0.
1208 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1209 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1210 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1211 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1212 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1215 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1216 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1217 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1218 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1221 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1222 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1225 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1227 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1228 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1229 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1230 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1231 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1232 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1235 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1236 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1239 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1240 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1241 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1242 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1244 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1245 the instructions for 9.x above.
1247 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1248 default, and do not build clang.
1250 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1251 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1252 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1254 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1255 the following are most likely to appear:
1259 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1260 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1261 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1262 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1263 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1264 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1265 cast, or disable the warning.
1267 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1268 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1269 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1270 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1273 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1274 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1276 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1277 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1278 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1279 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1281 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1282 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1283 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1284 unreachable could be optimized away.
1287 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1288 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1289 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1290 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1291 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1292 the utilities will report errors.
1295 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1296 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1297 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1298 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1299 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1303 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1304 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1307 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1308 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1309 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1312 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1313 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1314 indicate what you need to do.
1316 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1317 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1318 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1320 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1321 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1325 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1326 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1330 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1331 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1335 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1339 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1340 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1341 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1342 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1343 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1344 their next update cycle.
1347 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1348 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1349 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1350 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1354 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1355 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1358 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1359 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1360 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1361 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1362 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1366 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1367 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1369 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1372 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1373 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1374 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1375 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1379 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1380 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1384 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1385 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1386 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1387 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1388 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1391 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1392 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1393 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1396 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1397 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1398 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1401 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1402 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1403 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1404 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1405 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1406 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1407 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1408 "make installworld".
1410 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1411 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1412 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1415 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1416 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1417 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1418 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1419 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1422 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1425 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1426 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1430 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1431 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1432 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1433 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1434 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1435 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1436 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1437 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1438 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1439 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1440 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1441 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1443 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1444 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1445 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1449 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1450 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1453 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1454 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1455 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1456 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1457 build hosts for older releases.
1459 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1460 r276991, respectively.
1463 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1464 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1465 will silently lack HESIOD.
1468 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1469 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1470 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1471 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1472 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1473 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1474 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1475 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1476 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1477 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1478 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1479 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1482 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1483 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1484 with command line option -W.
1487 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1488 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1489 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1490 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1491 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1494 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1497 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1498 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1501 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1502 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1503 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1504 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1505 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1508 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1509 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1510 kernel is still highly recommended.
1513 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1514 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1515 capability mode support in kernel.
1518 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1519 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1520 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1521 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1522 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1525 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1526 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1527 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1528 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1529 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1530 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1533 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1534 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1535 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1536 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1537 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1538 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1539 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1540 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1541 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1544 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1545 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1546 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1547 should change your settings to use the latter.
1550 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1551 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1552 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1553 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1554 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1557 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1558 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1559 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1561 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1563 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1566 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1573 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1574 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1575 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1576 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1577 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1578 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1579 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1581 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1582 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1583 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1584 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1585 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1587 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1588 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1589 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1590 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1591 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1592 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1593 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1594 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1597 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1598 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1599 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1600 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1602 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1603 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1604 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1605 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1606 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1607 should write them with this in mind.
1611 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1614 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1615 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1617 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1619 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1620 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1621 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1623 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1627 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1628 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1629 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1631 make kernel-toolchain
1632 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1633 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1635 To test a kernel once
1636 ---------------------
1637 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1638 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1639 debugging information) run
1640 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1641 nextboot -k testkernel
1643 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1644 -----------------------------------------------------------
1645 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1646 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1648 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1650 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1651 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1653 <reboot in single user> [3]
1660 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1661 --------------------------------------------------
1662 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1663 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1664 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1667 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1670 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1671 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1672 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1673 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1674 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1675 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1676 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1677 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1678 <reboot into current>
1679 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1680 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1684 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1685 ----------------------------------------------
1686 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1688 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1689 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1691 <reboot in single user> [3]
1698 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1699 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1700 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1701 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1702 the UPDATING entries.
1704 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1705 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1706 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1707 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1708 much fewer pitfalls.
1710 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1711 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1714 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1719 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1720 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1721 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1723 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1724 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1725 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1726 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1727 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1728 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1729 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1731 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
1732 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1733 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1734 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1735 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1736 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1738 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1739 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1740 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1742 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1743 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1744 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1745 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1746 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1747 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1749 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1750 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1752 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1753 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1754 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1756 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1757 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1758 warn if it is improperly defined.
1761 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1762 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1763 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1764 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1765 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1767 Copyright information:
1769 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1771 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1772 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1773 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1775 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1776 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1777 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1778 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1779 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1780 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1781 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1782 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1783 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1784 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1785 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1787 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of