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32 .\" @(#)cp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
45 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
49 .Ar source_file target_file
53 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
57 .Ar source_file ... target_directory
61 .Ar source_file target_file
65 .Ar source_file ... target_directory
67 In the first synopsis form, the
69 utility copies the contents of the
73 In the second synopsis form,
74 the contents of each named
76 is copied to the destination
77 .Ar target_directory .
78 The names of the files themselves are not changed.
81 detects an attempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail.
83 The following options are available:
88 option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
89 (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
93 option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
95 No symbolic links are followed.
96 This is the default if the
102 designates a directory,
104 copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point.
109 the contents of the directory are copied rather than the
111 This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
112 indirected through, and for
114 to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
115 Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source
116 directory, unmodified by the process' umask.
120 copies hard linked files as separate files.
121 If you need to preserve hard links, consider using
132 For each existing destination pathname, remove it and
133 create a new file, without prompting for confirmation
134 regardless of its permissions.
137 option overrides any previous
145 to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
146 that would overwrite an existing file.
147 If the response from the standard input begins with the character
151 the file copy is attempted.
154 option overrides any previous
160 Create hard links to regular files in a hierarchy instead of copying.
162 Do not overwrite an existing file.
165 option overrides any previous
173 to preserve the following attributes of each source
174 file in the copy: modification time, access time,
175 file flags, file mode, ACL, user ID, and group ID, as allowed by permissions.
177 If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message
178 is displayed and the exit value is not altered.
180 If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on and the user ID cannot
181 be preserved, the set-user-ID bit is not preserved
182 in the copy's permissions.
183 If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on and the group ID cannot
184 be preserved, the set-group-ID bit is not preserved
185 in the copy's permissions.
186 If the source file has both its set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits on,
187 and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither
188 the set-user-ID nor set-group-ID bits are preserved in the copy's
191 Create symbolic links to regular files in a hierarchy instead of copying.
195 to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.
197 File system mount points are not traversed.
200 For each destination file that already exists, its contents are
201 overwritten if permissions allow.
202 Its mode, user ID, and group
203 ID are unchanged unless the
205 option was specified.
207 In the second synopsis form,
209 must exist unless there is only one named
211 which is a directory and the
215 If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is
216 used as modified by the file mode creation mask
220 If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on, that bit is removed
221 unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the
223 If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on, that bit is removed
224 unless both the source file and the destination file are in the same
225 group and the user is a member of that group.
226 If both the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are set, all of the above
227 conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
229 Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
231 Symbolic links are always followed unless the
233 flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default.
238 flags (in conjunction with the
240 flag) cause symbolic links to be followed as described above.
246 options are ignored unless the
249 In addition, these options override each other and the
250 command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
260 signal, the current input and output file and the percentage complete
261 will be written to the standard output.
272 Copy a group of files to the
280 and all of its contents (including any subdirectories) to the
284 .Dl $ cp -R junk /tmp
286 Historic versions of the
291 This implementation supports that option, however, its behavior
292 is different from historical
296 is strongly discouraged as the behavior is
297 implementation-dependent.
303 and works the same unless modified by other flags.
304 Historical implementations
307 differ as they copy special files as normal
308 files while recreating a hierarchy.
317 options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.
327 command is expected to be