2 .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994
3 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 .\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
8 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32 .\" @(#)cp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
45 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
49 .Ar source_file target_file
53 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
57 .Ar source_file ... target_directory
59 In the first synopsis form, the
61 utility copies the contents of the
65 In the second synopsis form,
66 the contents of each named
68 is copied to the destination
69 .Ar target_directory .
70 The names of the files themselves are not changed.
73 detects an attempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail.
75 The following options are available:
80 option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
81 (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
85 option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
89 option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
94 designates a directory,
96 copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point.
101 the contents of the directory are copied rather than the
103 This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
104 indirected through, and for
106 to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
107 Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source
108 directory, unmodified by the process' umask.
112 copies hard linked files as separate files.
113 If you need to preserve hard links, consider using
120 For each existing destination pathname, remove it and
121 create a new file, without prompting for confirmation
122 regardless of its permissions.
125 option overrides any previous
133 to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
134 that would overwrite an existing file.
135 If the response from the standard input begins with the character
139 the file copy is attempted.
142 option overrides any previous
148 Do not overwrite an existing file.
151 option overrides any previous
159 to preserve the following attributes of each source
160 file in the copy: modification time, access time,
161 file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID, as allowed by permissions.
163 If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message
164 is displayed and the exit value is not altered.
166 If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on and the user ID cannot
167 be preserved, the set-user-ID bit is not preserved
168 in the copy's permissions.
169 If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on and the group ID cannot
170 be preserved, the set-group-ID bit is not preserved
171 in the copy's permissions.
172 If the source file has both its set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits on,
173 and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither
174 the set-user-ID nor set-group-ID bits are preserved in the copy's
179 to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.
182 For each destination file that already exists, its contents are
183 overwritten if permissions allow.
184 Its mode, user ID, and group
185 ID are unchanged unless the
187 option was specified.
189 In the second synopsis form,
191 must exist unless there is only one named
193 which is a directory and the
197 If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is
198 used as modified by the file mode creation mask
202 If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on, that bit is removed
203 unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the
205 If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on, that bit is removed
206 unless both the source file and the destination file are in the same
207 group and the user is a member of that group.
208 If both the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are set, all of the above
209 conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
211 Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
213 Symbolic links are always followed unless the
215 flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default.
220 flags (in conjunction with the
222 flag) cause symbolic links to be followed as described above.
228 options are ignored unless the
231 In addition, these options override each other and the
232 command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
242 signal, the current input and output file and the percentage complete
243 will be written to the standard output.
247 Historic versions of the
252 This implementation supports that option, however, its use is strongly
253 discouraged, as it does not correctly copy special files, symbolic links
260 options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.
270 command is expected to be