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32 .\" @(#)cp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
45 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
49 .Ar source_file target_file
53 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
57 .Ar source_file ... target_directory
59 In the first synopsis form, the
61 utility copies the contents of the
65 In the second synopsis form,
66 the contents of each named
68 is copied to the destination
69 .Ar target_directory .
70 The names of the files themselves are not changed.
73 detects an attempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail.
75 The following options are available:
80 option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
81 (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
85 option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
89 option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
94 designates a directory,
96 copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point.
101 the contents of the directory are copied rather than the
103 This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
104 indirected through, and for
106 to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
107 Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source
108 directory, unmodified by the process' umask.
112 copies hard linked files as separate files.
113 If you need to preserve hard links, consider using
120 For each existing destination pathname, remove it and
121 create a new file, without prompting for confirmation
122 regardless of its permissions.
125 option overrides any previous
133 to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
134 that would overwrite an existing file.
135 If the response from the standard input begins with the character
139 the file copy is attempted.
142 option overrides any previous
148 Create hard links to regular files in a hierarchy instead of copying.
150 Do not overwrite an existing file.
153 option overrides any previous
161 to preserve the following attributes of each source
162 file in the copy: modification time, access time,
163 file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID, as allowed by permissions.
165 If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message
166 is displayed and the exit value is not altered.
168 If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on and the user ID cannot
169 be preserved, the set-user-ID bit is not preserved
170 in the copy's permissions.
171 If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on and the group ID cannot
172 be preserved, the set-group-ID bit is not preserved
173 in the copy's permissions.
174 If the source file has both its set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits on,
175 and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither
176 the set-user-ID nor set-group-ID bits are preserved in the copy's
181 to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.
184 For each destination file that already exists, its contents are
185 overwritten if permissions allow.
186 Its mode, user ID, and group
187 ID are unchanged unless the
189 option was specified.
191 In the second synopsis form,
193 must exist unless there is only one named
195 which is a directory and the
199 If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is
200 used as modified by the file mode creation mask
204 If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on, that bit is removed
205 unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the
207 If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on, that bit is removed
208 unless both the source file and the destination file are in the same
209 group and the user is a member of that group.
210 If both the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are set, all of the above
211 conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
213 Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
215 Symbolic links are always followed unless the
217 flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default.
222 flags (in conjunction with the
224 flag) cause symbolic links to be followed as described above.
230 options are ignored unless the
233 In addition, these options override each other and the
234 command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
244 signal, the current input and output file and the percentage complete
245 will be written to the standard output.
249 Historic versions of the
254 This implementation supports that option, however, its use is strongly
255 discouraged, as it does not correctly copy special files, symbolic links
262 options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.
272 command is expected to be