2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 static char const copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 #include <sys/filio.h>
69 static void dd_close(void);
70 static void dd_in(void);
71 static void getfdtype(IO *);
72 static void setup(void);
74 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
75 STAT st; /* statistics */
76 void (*cfunc)(void); /* conversion function */
77 uintmax_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
78 static off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
79 u_int ddflags = 0; /* conversion options */
80 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
81 uintmax_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
82 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
83 char fill_char; /* Character to fill with if defined */
86 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[])
88 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
92 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
93 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
102 * Some devices such as cfi(4) may perform significant amounts
103 * of work when a write descriptor is closed. Close the out
104 * descriptor explicitly so that the summary handler (called
105 * from an atexit() hook) includes this work.
116 i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^
117 (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7);
127 if (in.name == NULL) {
129 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
131 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
133 err(1, "%s", in.name);
138 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
139 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
141 if (out.name == NULL) {
142 /* No way to check for read access here. */
143 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
147 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
148 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
150 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
151 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
155 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
159 err(1, "%s", out.name);
165 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
166 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
168 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
169 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
170 err(1, "input buffer");
172 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
173 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
174 err(1, "output buffer");
178 /* Position the input/output streams. */
185 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
186 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
188 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
190 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
191 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
193 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) {
195 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
196 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt];
198 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
201 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) {
203 * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity
204 * processing, strip input parity.
206 for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
207 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f];
209 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
210 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
211 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]);
212 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) {
213 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
214 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]);
216 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) {
218 * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I
219 * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us.
221 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
222 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f;
224 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) {
225 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
226 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
228 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) {
229 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
230 if (parity(casetab[cnt]))
231 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
233 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) {
234 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
235 if (!parity(casetab[cnt]))
236 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
242 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
243 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
252 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
253 err(1, "%s", io->name);
254 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
255 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
256 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
257 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
258 err(1, "%s", io->name);
262 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
264 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
270 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
283 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
288 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt)
294 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
297 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
298 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
299 memset(in.dbp, fill_char, in.dbsz);
300 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
301 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
303 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
306 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
315 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
316 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
318 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
319 err(1, "%s", in.name);
324 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
325 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
326 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
327 * in sector size chunks.
329 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
330 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
333 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
334 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
337 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
338 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
341 /* Handle full input blocks. */
342 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
343 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
346 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
348 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
349 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
350 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
352 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
357 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
358 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
359 * is output without buffering as it is read.
361 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
362 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
368 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
369 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
373 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
382 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
390 else if (cfunc == block)
392 else if (cfunc == unblock)
394 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
395 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
396 memset(out.dbp, fill_char, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
397 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
398 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
400 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
401 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
403 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
417 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
418 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
419 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
420 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
422 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
423 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
424 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
425 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
426 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
429 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
430 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
433 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
434 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
436 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
437 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
438 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
444 if (sparse && !force) {
451 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
453 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
456 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
460 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
467 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
469 err(1, "%s", out.name);
474 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
482 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
484 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
485 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
487 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
489 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
493 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
497 /* Reassemble the output block. */
499 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
500 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;