2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 static char const copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 #include <sys/filio.h>
69 static void dd_close(void);
70 static void dd_in(void);
71 static void getfdtype(IO *);
72 static void setup(void);
74 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
75 STAT st; /* statistics */
76 void (*cfunc)(void); /* conversion function */
77 uintmax_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
78 static off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
79 u_int ddflags = 0; /* conversion options */
80 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
81 uintmax_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
82 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
83 char fill_char; /* Character to fill with if defined */
86 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[])
88 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
92 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
93 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
109 i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^
110 (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7);
120 if (in.name == NULL) {
122 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
124 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
126 err(1, "%s", in.name);
131 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
132 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
134 if (out.name == NULL) {
135 /* No way to check for read access here. */
136 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
140 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
141 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
143 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
144 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
148 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
152 err(1, "%s", out.name);
158 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
159 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
161 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
162 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
163 err(1, "input buffer");
165 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
166 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
167 err(1, "output buffer");
171 /* Position the input/output streams. */
178 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
179 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
181 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
183 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
184 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
186 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) {
188 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
189 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt];
191 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
194 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) {
196 * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity
197 * processing, strip input parity.
199 for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
200 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f];
202 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
203 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
204 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]);
205 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) {
206 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
207 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]);
209 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) {
211 * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I
212 * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us.
214 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
215 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f;
217 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) {
218 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
219 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
221 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) {
222 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
223 if (parity(casetab[cnt]))
224 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
226 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) {
227 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
228 if (!parity(casetab[cnt]))
229 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
235 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
236 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
245 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
246 err(1, "%s", io->name);
247 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
248 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
249 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
250 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
251 err(1, "%s", io->name);
255 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
257 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
263 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
276 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
281 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt)
287 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
290 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
291 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
292 memset(in.dbp, fill_char, in.dbsz);
293 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
294 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
296 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
299 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
308 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
309 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
311 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
312 err(1, "%s", in.name);
317 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
318 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
319 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
320 * in sector size chunks.
322 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
323 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
326 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
327 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
330 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
331 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
334 /* Handle full input blocks. */
335 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
336 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
339 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
341 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
342 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
343 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
345 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
350 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
351 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
352 * is output without buffering as it is read.
354 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
355 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
361 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
362 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
366 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
375 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
383 else if (cfunc == block)
385 else if (cfunc == unblock)
387 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
388 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
389 memset(out.dbp, fill_char, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
390 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
391 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
393 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
394 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
396 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
410 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
411 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
412 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
413 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
415 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
416 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
417 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
418 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
419 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
422 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
423 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
426 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
427 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
429 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
430 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
431 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
437 if (sparse && !force) {
444 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
446 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
449 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
453 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
460 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
462 err(1, "%s", out.name);
467 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
475 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
477 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
478 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
480 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
482 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
486 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
490 /* Reassemble the output block. */
492 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
493 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;