2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 static char const copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 #include <sys/filio.h>
69 static void dd_close(void);
70 static void dd_in(void);
71 static void getfdtype(IO *);
72 static void setup(void);
74 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
75 STAT st; /* statistics */
76 void (*cfunc)(void); /* conversion function */
77 uintmax_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
78 static off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
79 u_int ddflags = 0; /* conversion options */
80 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
81 uintmax_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
82 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
83 char fill_char; /* Character to fill with if defined */
84 volatile sig_atomic_t need_summary;
87 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[])
89 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
93 (void)signal(SIGINFO, siginfo_handler);
94 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
103 * Some devices such as cfi(4) may perform significant amounts
104 * of work when a write descriptor is closed. Close the out
105 * descriptor explicitly so that the summary handler (called
106 * from an atexit() hook) includes this work.
117 i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^
118 (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7);
128 if (in.name == NULL) {
130 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
132 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
134 err(1, "%s", in.name);
139 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
140 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
142 if (out.name == NULL) {
143 /* No way to check for read access here. */
144 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
148 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
149 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
151 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
152 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
156 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
160 err(1, "%s", out.name);
166 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
167 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
169 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
170 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
171 err(1, "input buffer");
173 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
174 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
175 err(1, "output buffer");
179 /* Position the input/output streams. */
186 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
187 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
189 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
191 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
192 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
194 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) {
196 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
197 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt];
199 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
202 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) {
204 * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity
205 * processing, strip input parity.
207 for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
208 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f];
210 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
211 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
212 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]);
213 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) {
214 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
215 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]);
217 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) {
219 * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I
220 * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us.
222 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
223 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f;
225 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) {
226 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
227 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
229 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) {
230 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
231 if (parity(casetab[cnt]))
232 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
234 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) {
235 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
236 if (!parity(casetab[cnt]))
237 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
243 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
244 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
253 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
254 err(1, "%s", io->name);
255 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
256 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
257 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
258 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
259 err(1, "%s", io->name);
263 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
265 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
271 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
284 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
289 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt)
295 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
298 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
299 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
300 memset(in.dbp, fill_char, in.dbsz);
301 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
302 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
304 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
307 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
316 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
317 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
319 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
320 err(1, "%s", in.name);
325 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
326 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
327 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
328 * in sector size chunks.
330 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
331 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
334 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
335 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
338 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
339 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
342 /* Handle full input blocks. */
343 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
344 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
347 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
349 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
350 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
351 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
353 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
358 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
359 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
360 * is output without buffering as it is read.
362 if ((ddflags & ~(C_NOERROR | C_NOTRUNC | C_SYNC)) == C_BS) {
363 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
369 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
370 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
374 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
386 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
394 else if (cfunc == block)
396 else if (cfunc == unblock)
398 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
399 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
400 memset(out.dbp, fill_char, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
401 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
402 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
404 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
405 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
407 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
421 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
422 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
423 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
424 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
426 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
427 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
428 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
429 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
430 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
433 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
434 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
437 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
438 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
440 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
441 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
442 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
448 if (sparse && !force) {
455 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
457 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
460 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
464 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
471 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
473 err(1, "%s", out.name);
478 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
486 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
488 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
489 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
491 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
493 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
497 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
501 /* Reassemble the output block. */
503 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
504 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;