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29 .\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
40 .Op Fl aCcefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ
41 .Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt
42 .Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ...
45 .Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ...
46 .Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ...
47 .Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ...
54 displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about
56 processes that have controlling terminals.
58 A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
60 .Fl a , G , p , T , t ,
64 If more than one of these options are given, then
66 will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the
69 For the processes which have been selected for display,
71 will usually display one line per process.
74 option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for
76 By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling
77 terminal, then by process ID.
82 options will change the sort order.
83 If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes
84 will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.
86 For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
87 to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
92 The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
93 controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
94 state, and associated command.
96 The process file system (see
98 should be mounted when
100 is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
102 The options are as follows:
103 .Bl -tag -width indent
105 Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
106 This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal,
109 option is also specified.
110 This can be disabled by setting the
111 .Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
116 column output to just contain the executable name,
117 rather than the full command line.
119 Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
121 CPU calculation that ignores
123 time (this normally has
126 Display the environment as well.
128 Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
129 This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
131 Display information about processes which are running with the specified
136 threads associated with each process.
137 Depending on the threading package that
138 is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
139 or all of the process threads.
141 Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
142 header per page of information.
144 Print information associated with the following keywords:
145 .Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time ,
149 List the set of keywords available for the
155 Display information associated with the following keywords:
156 .Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state ,
161 Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
162 instead of the currently running system.
164 Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
165 terminal and process ID.
167 Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
168 which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
170 Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
171 of keywords specified, after the process ID,
172 in the default information
174 Keywords may be appended with an equals
177 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
180 Display information associated with the space or comma separated
181 list of keywords specified.
182 The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals
184 sign and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain
185 space and comma characters.
186 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
188 Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
191 So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed.
192 If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
194 Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
196 Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling
197 terminal and process ID.
199 Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
200 children to their parent process.
202 Display information about processes attached to the device associated
203 with the standard input.
205 Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
208 Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
210 Display information associated with the following keywords:
211 .Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
220 Display information associated with the following keywords:
221 .Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
231 Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
235 option is specified more than once,
237 will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
239 When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes
240 which do not have a controlling terminal.
242 When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes
243 which do not have a controlling terminal.
244 This is the opposite of the
251 are specified in the same command, then
253 will use the one which was specified last.
257 label to the list of keywords for which
259 will display information.
262 A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
263 Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
264 .Bl -tag -width lockname
266 The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
267 a minute of previous (real) time.
268 Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
269 be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
271 fields to exceed 100%.
273 The percentage of real memory used by this process.
275 The flags associated with the process as in
278 .Bl -column P_STOPPED_SINGLE 0x4000000
279 .It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
280 .It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
281 .It Dv "P_KTHREAD" Ta No "0x00004 Kernel thread"
282 .It Dv "P_NOLOAD" Ta No "0x00008 Ignore during load avg calculations"
283 .It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
284 .It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
285 .It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00040 Has thread in requesting to stop prof"
286 .It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
287 .It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
288 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00400 Threads suspending should exit, not wait"
289 .It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
290 .It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Someone is waiting for us"
291 .It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
292 .It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
293 .It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x10000 Proc has continued from a stopped state"
294 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x20000 Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP"
295 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x40000 Stopped because of tracing"
296 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x80000 Only one thread can continue"
297 .It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x100000 Do not kill on memory overcommit"
298 .It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x200000 Process pending signals changed"
299 .It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x1000000 Process is in jail"
300 .It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x4000000 Process is in execve()"
303 The MAC label of the process.
305 The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
308 The exact time the command started, using the
313 The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
314 If the name is invalid or unknown, then
318 The login name associated with the session the process is in (see
321 The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
322 the process is blocked on a lock.
323 See the wchan and lockname keywords
326 The process scheduling increment (see
327 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
329 the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
331 The time the command started.
332 If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
337 If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
341 Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
345 The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
347 The first character indicates the run state of the process:
349 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
351 Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
353 Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
355 Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
357 Marks a runnable process.
359 Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
361 Marks a stopped process.
363 Marks an idle interrupt thread.
365 Marks a dead process (a
369 Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
372 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
374 The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
376 The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
378 The process is trying to exit.
380 Marks a process which is in
382 The hostname of the prison can be found in
383 .Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status .
385 The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
388 The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
389 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
391 The process is a session leader.
393 The process is suspended during a
396 The process is swapped out.
398 The process is being traced or debugged.
401 An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
402 The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
406 This is followed by a
408 if the process can no longer reach that
409 controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
411 The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
412 When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
413 trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
417 When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
418 has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
421 and a process which is blocked while trying
424 If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is
425 the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed
426 within square brackets.
429 utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were
430 shorter than the value of the
431 .Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit
433 The process can change the arguments shown with
437 makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
438 process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
439 The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
440 is entitled to destroy this information.
441 The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
442 If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword,
443 the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.
445 The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
447 Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
449 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact
451 percentage CPU usage (alias
454 percentage memory usage (alias
457 accounting flag (alias
460 command and arguments
464 command and arguments
466 short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
470 the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
473 total blocks read (alias
486 lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
488 login name of user who started the session
496 total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
498 total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
500 wait channel or lock currently blocked on
505 total involuntary context switches
507 total signals taken (alias
512 total voluntary context switches
514 wait channel (as an address)
516 total blocks written (alias
521 pageins (same as majflt)
533 core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
537 group name (from rgid)
539 reverse link on run queue, or 0
543 realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
547 user name (from ruid)
551 pending signals (alias
554 caught signals (alias
557 ignored signals (alias
560 blocked signals (alias
563 sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
567 symbolic process state (alias
570 saved gid from a setgid executable
572 saved UID from a setuid executable
574 control terminal device number
576 accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
579 control terminal process group ID
581 .\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
583 control terminal session ID
585 text size (in Kbytes)
587 control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
589 full name of control terminal
593 name to be used for accounting
597 scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
602 virtual size in Kbytes (alias
605 wait channel (as a symbolic name)
607 exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
610 The following environment variables affect the execution of
612 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
614 If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
617 attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
620 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact
621 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
622 default system namelist
640 For historical reasons, the
644 supports a different set of options from what is described by
646 and what is supported on
657 cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
658 process, the information it displays can never be exact.
662 utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte