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29 .\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
40 .Op Fl aCcdefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ
41 .Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt
42 .Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ...
45 .Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ...
46 .Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ...
47 .Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ...
54 displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about
56 processes that have controlling terminals.
58 A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
60 .Fl a , G , p , T , t ,
64 If more than one of these options are given, then
66 will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the
69 For the processes which have been selected for display,
71 will usually display one line per process.
74 option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for
76 By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling
77 terminal, then by process ID.
82 options will change the sort order.
83 If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes
84 will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.
86 For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
87 to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
92 The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
93 controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
94 state, and associated command.
96 The process file system (see
98 should be mounted when
100 is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
102 The options are as follows:
103 .Bl -tag -width indent
105 Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
106 This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal,
109 option is also specified.
110 This can be disabled by setting the
111 .Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
116 column output to just contain the executable name,
117 rather than the full command line.
119 Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
121 CPU calculation that ignores
123 time (this normally has
126 Arrange processes into descendancy order and prefix each command with
127 indentation text showing sibling and parent/child relationships.
132 options are also used, they control how sibling processes are sorted
133 relative to eachother.
135 Display the environment as well.
137 Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
138 This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
140 Display information about processes which are running with the specified
145 threads associated with each process.
146 Depending on the threading package that
147 is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
148 or all of the process threads.
150 Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
151 header per page of information.
153 Print information associated with the following keywords:
154 .Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time ,
158 List the set of keywords available for the
164 Display information associated with the following keywords:
165 .Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state ,
170 Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
171 instead of the currently running system.
173 Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
174 terminal and process ID.
176 Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
177 which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
179 Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
180 of keywords specified, after the process ID,
181 in the default information
183 Keywords may be appended with an equals
186 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
189 Display information associated with the space or comma separated
190 list of keywords specified.
191 The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals
193 sign and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain
194 space and comma characters.
195 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
197 Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
200 So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed.
201 If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
203 Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
205 Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling
206 terminal and process ID.
208 Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
209 children to their parent process.
211 Display information about processes attached to the device associated
212 with the standard input.
214 Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
217 Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
219 Display information associated with the following keywords:
220 .Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
229 Display information associated with the following keywords:
230 .Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
240 Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
244 option is specified more than once,
246 will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
248 When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes
249 which do not have a controlling terminal.
251 When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes
252 which do not have a controlling terminal.
253 This is the opposite of the
260 are specified in the same command, then
262 will use the one which was specified last.
266 label to the list of keywords for which
268 will display information.
271 A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
272 Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
273 .Bl -tag -width lockname
275 The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
276 a minute of previous (real) time.
277 Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
278 be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
280 fields to exceed 100%.
282 The percentage of real memory used by this process.
284 The flags associated with the process as in
287 .Bl -column P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY 0x40000000
288 .It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
289 .It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
290 .It Dv "P_KTHREAD" Ta No "0x00004 Kernel thread"
291 .It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
292 .It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
293 .It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00040 Has thread in requesting to stop prof"
294 .It Dv "P_HASTHREADS" Ta No "0x00080 Has had threads (no cleanup shortcuts)"
295 .It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
296 .It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
297 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00400 Threads suspending should exit, not wait"
298 .It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
299 .It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Someone is waiting for us"
300 .It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
301 .It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
302 .It Dv "P_WKILLED" Ta No "0x08000 Killed, shall go to kernel/user boundary ASAP"
303 .It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x10000 Proc has continued from a stopped state"
304 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x20000 Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP"
305 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x40000 Stopped because of tracing"
306 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x80000 Only one thread can continue"
307 .It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x100000 Do not kill on memory overcommit"
308 .It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x200000 Process pending signals changed"
309 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY" Ta No "0x400000 Threads should suspend at user boundary"
310 .It Dv "P_HWPMC" Ta No "0x800000 Process is using HWPMCs"
311 .It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x1000000 Process is in jail"
312 .It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x4000000 Process is in execve()"
313 .It Dv "P_STATCHILD" Ta No "0x8000000 Child process stopped or exited"
314 .It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x10000000 Loaded into memory"
315 .It Dv "P_SWAPPINGOUT" Ta No "0x20000000 Process is being swapped out"
316 .It Dv "P_SWAPPINGIN" Ta No "0x40000000 Process is being swapped in"
319 The MAC label of the process.
321 The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
324 The exact time the command started, using the
329 The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
330 If the name is invalid or unknown, then
334 The login name associated with the session the process is in (see
337 The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
338 the process is blocked on a lock.
339 See the wchan and lockname keywords
342 The process scheduling increment (see
343 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
345 the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
347 The time the command started.
348 If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
353 If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
357 Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
361 The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
363 The first character indicates the run state of the process:
365 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
367 Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
369 Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
371 Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
373 Marks a runnable process.
375 Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
377 Marks a stopped process.
379 Marks an idle interrupt thread.
381 Marks a dead process (a
385 Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
388 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
390 The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
392 The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
394 The process is trying to exit.
396 Marks a process which is in
398 The hostname of the prison can be found in
399 .Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status .
401 The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
404 The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
405 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
407 The process is a session leader.
409 The process is suspended during a
412 The process is swapped out.
414 The process is being traced or debugged.
417 An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
418 The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
422 This is followed by a
424 if the process can no longer reach that
425 controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
427 The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
428 When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
429 trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
433 When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
434 has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
437 and a process which is blocked while trying
440 If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is
441 the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed
442 within square brackets.
445 utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were
446 shorter than the value of the
447 .Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit
449 The process can change the arguments shown with
453 makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
454 process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
455 The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
456 is entitled to destroy this information.
457 The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
458 If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword,
459 the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.
461 The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
463 Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
465 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact
467 percentage CPU usage (alias
470 percentage memory usage (alias
473 accounting flag (alias
476 command and arguments
480 command and arguments
482 short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
484 elapsed running time, format
489 elapsed running time, in decimal integer seconds
491 the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
494 total blocks read (alias
507 lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
509 login name of user who started the session
517 total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
519 total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
521 wait channel or lock currently blocked on
526 total involuntary context switches
528 total signals taken (alias
533 total voluntary context switches
535 wait channel (as an address)
537 total blocks written (alias
542 pageins (same as majflt)
554 core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
558 group name (from rgid)
560 reverse link on run queue, or 0
564 realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
568 user name (from ruid)
572 pending signals (alias
575 caught signals (alias
578 ignored signals (alias
581 blocked signals (alias
584 sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
588 symbolic process state (alias
591 saved gid from a setgid executable
593 saved UID from a setuid executable
595 control terminal device number
597 accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
600 control terminal process group ID
602 .\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
604 control terminal session ID
606 text size (in Kbytes)
608 control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
610 full name of control terminal
614 name to be used for accounting
618 scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
623 virtual size in Kbytes (alias
626 wait channel (as a symbolic name)
628 exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
633 column displays bitmask of signals pending in the process queue when
635 option is not specified, otherwise the per-thread queue of pending signals
638 The following environment variables affect the execution of
640 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
642 If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
645 attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
648 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact
649 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
650 default system namelist
669 For historical reasons, the
673 supports a different set of options from what is described by
675 and what is supported on
686 cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
687 process, the information it displays can never be exact.
691 utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte