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29 .\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
40 .Op Fl aCcefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ
41 .Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt
42 .Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ...
45 .Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ...
46 .Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ...
47 .Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ...
54 displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about
56 processes that have controlling terminals.
58 A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
60 .Fl a , G , p , T , t ,
64 If more than one of these options are given, then
66 will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the
69 For the processes which have been selected for display,
71 will usually display one line per process.
74 option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for
76 By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling
77 terminal, then by process ID.
82 options will change the sort order.
83 If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes
84 will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.
86 For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
87 to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
92 The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
93 controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
94 state, and associated command.
96 The process file system (see
98 should be mounted when
100 is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
102 The options are as follows:
103 .Bl -tag -width indent
105 Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
106 This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal,
109 option is also specified.
110 This can be disabled by setting the
111 .Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
116 column output to just contain the executable name,
117 rather than the full command line.
119 Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
121 CPU calculation that ignores
123 time (this normally has
126 Display the environment as well.
128 Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
129 This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
131 Display information about processes which are running with the specified
136 threads associated with each process.
137 Depending on the threading package that
138 is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
139 or all of the process threads.
141 Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
142 header per page of information.
144 Print information associated with the following keywords:
145 .Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time ,
149 List the set of keywords available for the
155 Display information associated with the following keywords:
156 .Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state ,
161 Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
162 instead of the currently running system.
164 Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
165 terminal and process ID.
167 Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
168 which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
170 Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
171 of keywords specified, after the process ID,
172 in the default information
174 Keywords may be appended with an equals
177 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
180 Display information associated with the space or comma separated
181 list of keywords specified.
182 Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
185 Keywords may be appended with an equals
188 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
190 If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
192 Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
194 Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling
195 terminal and process ID.
197 Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
198 children to their parent process.
200 Display information about processes attached to the device associated
201 with the standard input.
203 Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
206 Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
208 Display information associated with the following keywords:
209 .Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
218 Display information associated with the following keywords:
219 .Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
229 Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
233 option is specified more than once,
235 will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
237 When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes
238 which do not have a controlling terminal.
240 When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes
241 which do not have a controlling terminal.
242 This is the opposite of the
249 are specified in the same command, then
251 will use the one which was specified last.
255 label to the list of keywords for which
257 will display information.
260 A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
261 Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
262 .Bl -tag -width lockname
264 The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
265 a minute of previous (real) time.
266 Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
267 be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
269 fields to exceed 100%.
271 The percentage of real memory used by this process.
273 The flags associated with the process as in
276 .Bl -column P_STOPPED_SINGLE 0x4000000
277 .It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
278 .It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
279 .It Dv "P_KTHREAD" Ta No "0x00004 Kernel thread"
280 .It Dv "P_NOLOAD" Ta No "0x00008 Ignore during load avg calculations"
281 .It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
282 .It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
283 .It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00040 Has thread in requesting to stop prof"
284 .It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
285 .It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
286 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00400 Threads suspending should exit, not wait"
287 .It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
288 .It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Someone is waiting for us"
289 .It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
290 .It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
291 .It Dv "P_SA" Ta No "0x08000 Using scheduler activations"
292 .It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x10000 Proc has continued from a stopped state"
293 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x20000 Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP"
294 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x40000 Stopped because of tracing"
295 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x80000 Only one thread can continue"
296 .It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x100000 Do not kill on memory overcommit"
297 .It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x200000 Process pending signals changed"
298 .It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x1000000 Process is in jail"
299 .It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x4000000 Process is in execve()"
302 The MAC label of the process.
304 The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
307 The exact time the command started, using the
312 The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
313 If the name is invalid or unknown, then
317 The login name associated with the session the process is in (see
320 The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
321 the process is blocked on a lock.
322 See the wchan and lockname keywords
325 The process scheduling increment (see
326 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
328 the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
330 The time the command started.
331 If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
336 If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
340 Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
344 The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
346 The first character indicates the run state of the process:
348 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
350 Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
352 Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
354 Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
356 Marks a runnable process.
358 Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
360 Marks a stopped process.
362 Marks an idle interrupt thread.
364 Marks a dead process (a
368 Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
371 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
373 The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
375 The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
377 The process is trying to exit.
379 Marks a process which is in
381 The hostname of the prison can be found in
382 .Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status .
384 The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
387 The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
388 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
390 The process is a session leader.
392 The process is suspended during a
395 The process is swapped out.
397 The process is being traced or debugged.
400 An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
401 The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
405 This is followed by a
407 if the process can no longer reach that
408 controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
410 The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
411 When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
412 trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
416 When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
417 has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
420 and a process which is blocked while trying
423 If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is
424 the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed
425 within square brackets.
428 utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were
429 shorter than the value of the
430 .Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit
432 The process can change the arguments shown with
436 makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
437 process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
438 The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
439 is entitled to destroy this information.
440 The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
441 If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword,
442 the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.
444 The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
446 Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
448 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact
450 percentage CPU usage (alias
453 percentage memory usage (alias
456 accounting flag (alias
459 command and arguments
463 command and arguments
465 short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
469 the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
472 total blocks read (alias
485 lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
487 login name of user who started the session
495 total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
497 total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
499 wait channel or lock currently blocked on
504 total involuntary context switches
506 total signals taken (alias
511 total voluntary context switches
513 wait channel (as an address)
515 total blocks written (alias
520 pageins (same as majflt)
532 core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
536 group name (from rgid)
538 reverse link on run queue, or 0
542 realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
546 user name (from ruid)
550 pending signals (alias
553 caught signals (alias
556 ignored signals (alias
559 blocked signals (alias
562 sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
566 symbolic process state (alias
569 saved gid from a setgid executable
571 saved UID from a setuid executable
573 control terminal device number
575 accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
578 control terminal process group ID
580 .\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
582 control terminal session ID
584 text size (in Kbytes)
586 control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
588 full name of control terminal
592 name to be used for accounting
596 scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
601 virtual size in Kbytes (alias
604 wait channel (as a symbolic name)
606 exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
609 The following environment variables affect the execution of
611 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
613 If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
616 attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
619 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact
620 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
621 default system namelist
639 For historical reasons, the
643 supports a different set of options from what is described by
645 and what is supported on
656 cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
657 process, the information it displays can never be exact.
661 utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte