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19 <!-- $Id: dnssec-signzone.docbook,v 1.2.2.2.4.8 2004/06/11 01:17:35 marka Exp $ -->
23 <date>June 30, 2000</date>
27 <refentrytitle><application>dnssec-signzone</application></refentrytitle>
28 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
29 <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
33 <refname><application>dnssec-signzone</application></refname>
34 <refpurpose>DNSSEC zone signing tool</refpurpose>
39 <command>dnssec-signzone</command>
40 <arg><option>-a</option></arg>
41 <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
42 <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>
43 <arg><option>-e <replaceable class="parameter">end-time</replaceable></option></arg>
44 <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">output-file</replaceable></option></arg>
45 <arg><option>-g</option></arg>
46 <arg><option>-h</option></arg>
47 <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></option></arg>
48 <arg><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">domain</replaceable></option></arg>
49 <arg><option>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></option></arg>
50 <arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">nthreads</replaceable></option></arg>
51 <arg><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">origin</replaceable></option></arg>
52 <arg><option>-p</option></arg>
53 <arg><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></option></arg>
54 <arg><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></option></arg>
55 <arg><option>-t</option></arg>
56 <arg><option>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>
57 <arg><option>-z</option></arg>
58 <arg choice="req">zonefile</arg>
59 <arg rep="repeat">key</arg>
64 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
66 <command>dnssec-signzone</command> signs a zone. It generates
67 NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
68 zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
69 (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
70 determined by the presence or absence of a
71 <filename>keyset</filename> file for each child zone.
76 <title>OPTIONS</title>
83 Verify all generated signatures.
89 <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>
92 Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
98 <term>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></term>
101 Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
102 key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
108 <term>-l <replaceable class="parameter">domain</replaceable></term>
111 Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
112 The domain is appended to the name of the records.
118 <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>
121 Look for <filename>keyset</filename> files in
122 <option>directory</option> as the directory
131 Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.
132 Existing DS records will be removed.
138 <term>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></term>
141 Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
142 become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
143 time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
144 in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
145 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
146 indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
147 If no <option>start-time</option> is specified, the current
148 time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
154 <term>-e <replaceable class="parameter">end-time</replaceable></term>
157 Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
158 expire. As with <option>start-time</option>, an absolute
159 time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
160 to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
161 the start time. A time relative to the current time is
162 indicated with now+N. If no <option>end-time</option> is
163 specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
169 <term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">output-file</replaceable></term>
172 The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
173 default is to append <filename>.signed</filename> to the
183 Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
184 <command>dnssec-signzone</command>.
190 <term>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></term>
193 When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records
194 may be resigned. The <option>interval</option> option
195 specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
196 time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
197 cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
198 to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
201 The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
202 between the signature end and start times. So if neither
203 <option>end-time</option> or <option>start-time</option>
204 are specified, <command>dnssec-signzone</command> generates
205 signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
206 interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
207 are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
214 <term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">ncpus</replaceable></term>
217 Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
218 thread is started for each detected CPU.
224 <term>-o <replaceable class="parameter">origin</replaceable></term>
227 The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
228 is assumed to be the origin.
237 Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
238 but less secure, than using real random data. This option
239 may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
246 <term>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></term>
249 Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
250 system does not provide a <filename>/dev/random</filename>
251 or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
252 is keyboard input. <filename>randomdev</filename> specifies
253 the name of a character device or file containing random
254 data to be used instead of the default. The special value
255 <filename>keyboard</filename> indicates that keyboard
256 input should be used.
265 Print statistics at completion.
271 <term>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>
274 Sets the debugging level.
283 Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
289 <term>zonefile</term>
292 The file containing the zone to be signed.
293 Sets the debugging level.
302 The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the
303 default all zone keys that have private key files in the
313 <title>EXAMPLE</title>
315 The following command signs the <userinput>example.com</userinput>
316 zone with the DSA key generated in the <command>dnssec-keygen</command>
317 man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are
318 <filename>keyset</filename> files associated with child zones,
319 they must be in the current directory.
320 <userinput>example.com</userinput>, the following command would be
324 <userinput>dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com Kexample.com.+003+26160</userinput>
327 The command would print a string of the form:
330 In this example, <command>dnssec-signzone</command> creates
331 the file <filename>db.example.com.signed</filename>. This file
332 should be referenced in a zone statement in a
333 <filename>named.conf</filename> file.
338 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
341 <refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle>
342 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
344 <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>,
345 <citetitle>RFC 2535</citetitle>.
350 <title>AUTHOR</title>
352 <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>