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5 - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
6 - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
8 - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
9 - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
10 - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
12 - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
13 - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
14 - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
15 - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
16 - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
17 - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
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21 <!-- $Id: named.docbook,v 1.5.98.5 2005/05/13 01:22:33 marka Exp $ -->
25 <date>June 30, 2000</date>
29 <refentrytitle><application>named</application></refentrytitle>
30 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
31 <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
38 <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
44 <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
49 <refname><application>named</application></refname>
50 <refpurpose>Internet domain name server</refpurpose>
55 <command>named</command>
56 <arg><option>-4</option></arg>
57 <arg><option>-6</option></arg>
58 <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>
59 <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></option></arg>
60 <arg><option>-f</option></arg>
61 <arg><option>-g</option></arg>
62 <arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></option></arg>
63 <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>
64 <arg><option>-s</option></arg>
65 <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>
66 <arg><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></option></arg>
67 <arg><option>-v</option></arg>
68 <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></option></arg>
73 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
75 <command>named</command> is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
76 part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
77 information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
80 When invoked without arguments, <command>named</command> will
81 read the default configuration file
82 <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>, read any initial
83 data, and listen for queries.
88 <title>OPTIONS</title>
95 Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
96 <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
106 Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
107 <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
113 <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>
117 class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> as the
118 configuration file instead of the default,
119 <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>. To
120 ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
121 to work after the server has changed its working
122 directory due to to a possible
123 <option>directory</option> option in the configuration
125 class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> should be
126 an absolute pathname.
132 <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></term>
135 Set the daemon's debug level to <replaceable
136 class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable>.
137 Debugging traces from <command>named</command> become
138 more verbose as the debug level increases.
147 Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
156 Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
157 to <filename>stderr</filename>.
163 <term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></term>
167 class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable> worker threads
168 to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
169 <command>named</command> will try to determine the
170 number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
171 If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
172 single worker thread will be created.
178 <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
181 Listen for queries on port <replaceable
182 class="parameter">port</replaceable>. If not
183 specified, the default is port 53.
192 Write memory usage statistics to <filename>stdout</filename> on exit.
196 This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
197 and may be removed or changed in a future release.
204 <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>
207 <function>chroot()</function> to <replaceable
208 class="parameter">directory</replaceable> after
209 processing the command line arguments, but before
210 reading the configuration file.
214 This option should be used in conjunction with the
215 <option>-u</option> option, as chrooting a process
216 running as root doesn't enhance security on most
217 systems; the way <function>chroot()</function> is
218 defined allows a process with root privileges to
219 escape a chroot jail.
226 <term>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></term>
229 <function>setuid()</function> to <replaceable
230 class="parameter">user</replaceable> after completing
231 privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
232 listen on privileged ports.
236 On Linux, <command>named</command> uses the kernel's
237 capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
238 except the ability to <function>bind()</function> to a
239 privileged port and set process resource limits.
240 Unfortunately, this means that the <option>-u</option>
241 option only works when <command>named</command> is run
242 on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
243 later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
244 to be retained after <function>setuid()</function>.
254 Report the version number and exit.
260 <term>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></term>
263 Load data from <replaceable
264 class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable> into the
265 cache of the default view.
269 This option must not be used. It is only of interest
270 to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
282 <title>SIGNALS</title>
284 In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
285 the nameserver; <command>rndc</command> should be used
295 Force a reload of the server.
301 <term>SIGINT, SIGTERM</term>
304 Shut down the server.
312 The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
318 <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
320 The <command>named</command> configuration file is too complex
321 to describe in detail here. A complete description is
322 provided in the <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference
333 <term><filename>/etc/named.conf</filename></term>
336 The default configuration file.
342 <term><filename>/var/run/named.pid</filename></term>
345 The default process-id file.
355 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
357 <citetitle>RFC 1033</citetitle>,
358 <citetitle>RFC 1034</citetitle>,
359 <citetitle>RFC 1035</citetitle>,
361 <refentrytitle>rndc</refentrytitle>
362 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
365 <refentrytitle>lwresd</refentrytitle>
366 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
368 <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.
373 <title>AUTHOR</title>
375 <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>