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17 <!-- $Id: named.html,v 1.6.18.21 2007/06/20 02:26:58 marka Exp $ -->
18 <html>
19 <head>
20 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
21 <title>named</title>
22 <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
23 </head>
24 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
25 <a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
26 <div class="refnamediv">
27 <h2>Name</h2>
28 <p><span class="application">named</span> &#8212; Internet domain name server</p>
29 </div>
30 <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
31 <h2>Synopsis</h2>
32 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code>  [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
33 </div>
34 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
35 <a name="id2543452"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
36 <p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
37       is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
38       part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC.  For more
39       information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
40     </p>
41 <p>
42       When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
43       will
44       read the default configuration file
45       <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
46       data, and listen for queries.
47     </p>
48 </div>
49 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
50 <a name="id2543477"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
51 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
52 <dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
53 <dd><p>
54             Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
55             <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
56             exclusive.
57           </p></dd>
58 <dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
59 <dd><p>
60             Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
61             <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
62             exclusive.
63           </p></dd>
64 <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
65 <dd><p>
66             Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
67             configuration file instead of the default,
68             <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>.  To
69             ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
70             to work after the server has changed its working
71             directory due to to a possible
72             <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
73             file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
74             an absolute pathname.
75           </p></dd>
76 <dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
77 <dd><p>
78             Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
79             Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
80             more verbose as the debug level increases.
81           </p></dd>
82 <dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
83 <dd><p>
84             Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
85           </p></dd>
86 <dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
87 <dd><p>
88             Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
89             to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
90           </p></dd>
91 <dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
92 <dd><p>
93             Turn on memory usage debugging flags.  Possible flags are
94             <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
95             <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
96             <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
97             <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
98             <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
99             These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
100             <code class="filename">&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</code>.
101           </p></dd>
102 <dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
103 <dd><p>
104             Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
105             to take advantage of multiple CPUs.  If not specified,
106             <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
107             number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
108             If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
109             single worker thread will be created.
110           </p></dd>
111 <dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
112 <dd><p>
113             Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>.  If not
114             specified, the default is port 53.
115           </p></dd>
116 <dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
117 <dd>
118 <p>
119             Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
120           </p>
121 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
122 <h3 class="title">Note</h3>
123 <p>
124               This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
125               and may be removed or changed in a future release.
126             </p>
127 </div>
128 </dd>
129 <dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
130 <dd>
131 <p>Chroot
132             to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
133             processing the command line arguments, but before
134             reading the configuration file.
135           </p>
136 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
137 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
138 <p>
139               This option should be used in conjunction with the
140               <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
141               running as root doesn't enhance security on most
142               systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
143               defined allows a process with root privileges to
144               escape a chroot jail.
145             </p>
146 </div>
147 </dd>
148 <dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
149 <dd>
150 <p>Setuid
151             to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
152             privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
153             listen on privileged ports.
154           </p>
155 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
156 <h3 class="title">Note</h3>
157 <p>
158               On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
159                         capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
160               except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
161               a
162               privileged port and set process resource limits.
163               Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
164               option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
165               run
166               on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
167               later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
168               to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
169             </p>
170 </div>
171 </dd>
172 <dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
173 <dd><p>
174             Report the version number and exit.
175           </p></dd>
176 <dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
177 <dd>
178 <p>
179             Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
180             cache of the default view.
181           </p>
182 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
183 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
184 <p>
185               This option must not be used.  It is only of interest
186               to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
187               future release.
188             </p>
189 </div>
190 </dd>
191 </dl></div>
192 </div>
193 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
194 <a name="id2543864"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
195 <p>
196       In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
197       the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
198       instead.
199     </p>
200 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
201 <dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
202 <dd><p>
203             Force a reload of the server.
204           </p></dd>
205 <dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
206 <dd><p>
207             Shut down the server.
208           </p></dd>
209 </dl></div>
210 <p>
211       The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
212     </p>
213 </div>
214 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
215 <a name="id2543912"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
216 <p>
217       The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
218       to describe in detail here.  A complete description is provided
219       in the
220       <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
221     </p>
222 </div>
223 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
224 <a name="id2543929"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
225 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
226 <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
227 <dd><p>
228             The default configuration file.
229           </p></dd>
230 <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt>
231 <dd><p>
232             The default process-id file.
233           </p></dd>
234 </dl></div>
235 </div>
236 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
237 <a name="id2543969"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
238 <p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
239       <em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
240       <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
241       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
242       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
243       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
244       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
245       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
246       <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
247     </p>
248 </div>
249 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
250 <a name="id2544039"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
251 <p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
252     </p>
253 </div>
254 </div></body>
255 </html>