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17 <!-- $Id: man.named.html,v 1.2.2.43.10.1 2007/07/09 02:25:53 marka Exp $ -->
18 <html>
19 <head>
20 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
21 <title>named</title>
22 <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
23 <link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
24 <link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
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27 </head>
28 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
29 <div class="navheader">
30 <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
31 <tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">named</span></th></tr>
32 <tr>
33 <td width="20%" align="left">
34 <a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a> </td>
35 <th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
36 <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a>
37 </td>
38 </tr>
39 </table>
40 <hr>
41 </div>
42 <div class="refentry" lang="en">
43 <a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
44 <div class="refnamediv">
45 <h2>Name</h2>
46 <p><span class="application">named</span> &#8212; Internet domain name server</p>
47 </div>
48 <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
49 <h2>Synopsis</h2>
50 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code>  [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
51 </div>
52 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
53 <a name="id2601554"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
54 <p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
55       is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
56       part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC.  For more
57       information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
58     </p>
59 <p>
60       When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
61       will
62       read the default configuration file
63       <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
64       data, and listen for queries.
65     </p>
66 </div>
67 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
68 <a name="id2601585"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
69 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
70 <dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
71 <dd><p>
72             Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
73             <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
74             exclusive.
75           </p></dd>
76 <dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
77 <dd><p>
78             Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
79             <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
80             exclusive.
81           </p></dd>
82 <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
83 <dd><p>
84             Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
85             configuration file instead of the default,
86             <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>.  To
87             ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
88             to work after the server has changed its working
89             directory due to to a possible
90             <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
91             file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
92             an absolute pathname.
93           </p></dd>
94 <dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
95 <dd><p>
96             Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
97             Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
98             more verbose as the debug level increases.
99           </p></dd>
100 <dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
101 <dd><p>
102             Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
103           </p></dd>
104 <dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
105 <dd><p>
106             Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
107             to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
108           </p></dd>
109 <dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
110 <dd><p>
111             Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
112             to take advantage of multiple CPUs.  If not specified,
113             <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
114             number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
115             If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
116             single worker thread will be created.
117           </p></dd>
118 <dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
119 <dd><p>
120             Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>.  If not
121             specified, the default is port 53.
122           </p></dd>
123 <dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
124 <dd>
125 <p>
126             Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
127           </p>
128 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
129 <h3 class="title">Note</h3>
130 <p>
131               This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
132               and may be removed or changed in a future release.
133             </p>
134 </div>
135 </dd>
136 <dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
137 <dd>
138 <p><code class="function">chroot()</code>
139             to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
140             processing the command line arguments, but before
141             reading the configuration file.
142           </p>
143 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
144 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
145 <p>
146               This option should be used in conjunction with the
147               <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
148               running as root doesn't enhance security on most
149               systems; the way <code class="function">chroot()</code> is
150               defined allows a process with root privileges to
151               escape a chroot jail.
152             </p>
153 </div>
154 </dd>
155 <dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
156 <dd>
157 <p><code class="function">setuid()</code>
158             to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
159             privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
160             listen on privileged ports.
161           </p>
162 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
163 <h3 class="title">Note</h3>
164 <p>
165               On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
166                         capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
167               except the ability to <code class="function">bind()</code> to
168               a
169               privileged port and set process resource limits.
170               Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
171               option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
172               run
173               on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
174               later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
175               to be retained after <code class="function">setuid()</code>.
176             </p>
177 </div>
178 </dd>
179 <dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
180 <dd><p>
181             Report the version number and exit.
182           </p></dd>
183 <dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
184 <dd>
185 <p>
186             Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
187             cache of the default view.
188           </p>
189 <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
190 <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
191 <p>
192               This option must not be used.  It is only of interest
193               to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
194               future release.
195             </p>
196 </div>
197 </dd>
198 </dl></div>
199 </div>
200 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
201 <a name="id2602364"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
202 <p>
203       In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
204       the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
205       instead.
206     </p>
207 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
208 <dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
209 <dd><p>
210             Force a reload of the server.
211           </p></dd>
212 <dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
213 <dd><p>
214             Shut down the server.
215           </p></dd>
216 </dl></div>
217 <p>
218       The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
219     </p>
220 </div>
221 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
222 <a name="id2602414"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
223 <p>
224       The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
225       to describe in detail here.  A complete description is provided
226       in the
227       <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
228     </p>
229 </div>
230 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
231 <a name="id2602434"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
232 <div class="variablelist"><dl>
233 <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
234 <dd><p>
235             The default configuration file.
236           </p></dd>
237 <dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt>
238 <dd><p>
239             The default process-id file.
240           </p></dd>
241 </dl></div>
242 </div>
243 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
244 <a name="id2603911"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
245 <p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
246       <em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
247       <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
248       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
249       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
250       <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
251       <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
252     </p>
253 </div>
254 <div class="refsect1" lang="en">
255 <a name="id2603962"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
256 <p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
257     </p>
258 </div>
259 </div>
260 <div class="navfooter">
261 <hr>
262 <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
263 <tr>
264 <td width="40%" align="left">
265 <a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a> </td>
266 <td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
267 <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a>
268 </td>
269 </tr>
270 <tr>
271 <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">
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