1 .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation
2 .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
4 .TH as 1 "29 March 1996" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
7 GNU as \- the portable GNU assembler.
12 .RB "[\|" \-a "[\|" dhlns "\|]" \c
17 .RB "[\|" \-\-defsym\ SYM=VAL "\|]"
19 .RB "[\|" \-\-gstabs "\|]"
25 .RB "[\|" \-M\ |\ \-\-mri "\|]"
30 .RB "[\|" \-\-traditional\-format "\|]"
33 .RB "[\|" \-\^\- "\ |\ " \c
39 .RB "[\|" \-ACA "\||\|" \-ACA_A "\||\|" \-ACB\c
40 .RB "\||\|" \-ACC "\||\|" \-AKA "\||\|" \-AKB\c
41 .RB "\||\|" \-AKC "\||\|" \-AMC "\|]"
43 .RB "[\|" \-no-relax "\|]"
45 .I m680x0-only options:
48 .RB "[\|" \-mc68000 "\||\|" \-mc68010 "\||\|" \-mc68020 "\|]"
54 \& is really a family of assemblers.
55 If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on one architecture, you
56 should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another
57 architecture. Each version has much in common with the others,
58 including object file formats, most assembler directives (often called
61 \& and assembler syntax.
63 For information on the syntax and pseudo-ops used by GNU \c
72 Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
77 \& is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C
80 \& for use by the linker \c
83 we've tried to make \c
85 \& assemble correctly everything that the native
89 \& always uses the same syntax as another
90 assembler for the same architecture; for example, we know of several
91 incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.
95 \& it assembles exactly one source
96 program. The source program is made up of one or more files.
97 (The standard input is also a file.)
101 \& is given no file names it attempts to read one input file
104 \& standard input, which is normally your terminal. You
109 \& there is no more program
110 to assemble. Use `\|\c
112 \|' if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
113 in your command line.
116 \& may write warnings and error messages to the standard error
117 file (usually your terminal). This should not happen when \c
120 run automatically by a compiler. Warnings report an assumption made so
123 \& could keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a
124 grave problem that stops the assembly.
129 Turn on assembly listings. There are various suboptions.
131 omits debugging directives.
133 includes the high level source code; this is only available if the
134 source file can be found, and the code was compiled with
137 includes an assembly listing.
139 omits forms processing.
141 includes a symbol listing.
144 sets the listing file name; this must be the last suboption.
145 The default suboptions are
149 This option is accepted only for script compatibility with calls to
150 other assemblers; it has no effect on \c
154 .B \-\-defsym SYM=VALUE
155 Define the symbol SYM to be VALUE before assembling the input file.
156 VALUE must be an integer constant. As in C, a leading 0x indicates a
157 hexadecimal value, and a leading 0 indicates an octal value.
160 ``fast''--skip preprocessing (assume source is compiler output).
165 to the search list for
170 Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line. This
171 may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.
174 Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements.
177 Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with `\|\c
182 Assemble in MRI compatibility mode.
185 Name the object-file output from \c
189 Fold data section into text section
191 .B \-\-traditional\-format
192 Use same format as native assembler, when possible.
200 Suppress warning messages.
202 .B \-\-fatal\-warnings
203 Consider warnings to be fatal.
206 Just warn on warnings.
208 .IR "\-\^\-" "\ |\ " "files\|.\|.\|."
209 Source files to assemble, or standard input (\c
214 (When configured for Intel 960.)
215 Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.
219 (When configured for Intel 960.)
220 Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.
224 (When configured for Intel 960.)
225 Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements;
230 (When configured for Motorola 68000).
232 Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.
234 .BR "\-mc68000" "\||\|" "\-mc68010" "\||\|" "\-mc68020"
236 (When configured for Motorola 68000).
238 Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020)
241 Options may be in any order, and may be
242 before, after, or between file names. The order of file names is
247 \|' (two hyphens) by itself names the standard input file
248 explicitly, as one of the files for \c
254 \|' any command line argument that begins with a
257 \|') is an option. Each option changes the behavior of
260 \&. No option changes the way another option works. An
263 \|' followed by one or more letters; the case of
264 the letter is important. All options are optional.
268 \|' option expects exactly one file name to follow. The file
269 name may either immediately follow the option's letter (compatible
270 with older assemblers) or it may be the next command argument (GNU
273 These two command lines are equivalent:
276 as\ \ \-o\ \ my\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
279 as\ \ \-omy\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
288 Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
294 Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
296 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
297 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
298 are preserved on all copies.
300 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
301 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
302 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
303 permission notice identical to this one.
305 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
306 manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
307 versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
308 translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
309 the original English.