1 MAKE(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual MAKE(1)
4 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be -- maintain program dependencies
6 S
\bSY
\bYN
\bNO
\bOP
\bPS
\bSI
\bIS
\bS
7 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [-
\b-B
\bBe
\bei
\bik
\bkN
\bNn
\bnq
\bqr
\brs
\bst
\btW
\bWX
\bX] [-
\b-C
\bC _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-D
\bD _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-d
\bd _
\bf_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs]
8 [-
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-I
\bI _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-J
\bJ _
\bp_
\br_
\bi_
\bv_
\ba_
\bt_
\be] [-
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs]
9 [-
\b-m
\bm _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-T
\bT _
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-V
\bV _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be] [_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be]
10 [_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
12 D
\bDE
\bES
\bSC
\bCR
\bRI
\bIP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bN
13 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other pro-
14 grams. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which
15 programs and other files depend. If no -
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be makefile option is
16 given, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will try to open `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' then `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' in order to find
17 the specifications. If the file `_
\b._
\bd_
\be_
\bp_
\be_
\bn_
\bd' exists, it is read (see
20 This manual page is intended as a reference document only. For a more
21 thorough description of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and makefiles, please refer to _
\bP_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be _
\b- _
\bA
22 _
\bT_
\bu_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bl.
24 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will prepend the contents of the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable to
25 the command line arguments before parsing them.
27 The options are as follows:
29 -
\b-B
\bB Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per
30 command and by executing the commands to make the sources of a
31 dependency line in sequence.
33 -
\b-C
\bC _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
34 Change to _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by before reading the makefiles or doing any-
35 thing else. If multiple -
\b-C
\bC options are specified, each is inter-
36 preted relative to the previous one: -
\b-C
\bC _
\b/ -
\b-C
\bC _
\be_
\bt_
\bc is equivalent to
37 -
\b-C
\bC _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc.
39 -
\b-D
\bD _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
40 Define _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be to be 1, in the global context.
42 -
\b-d
\bd _
\b[_
\b-_
\b]_
\bf_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs
43 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be are to
44 print debugging information. Unless the flags are preceded by
45 `-' they are added to the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable and will
46 be processed by any child make processes. By default, debugging
47 information is printed to standard error, but this can be changed
48 using the _
\bF debugging flag. The debugging output is always
49 unbuffered; in addition, if debugging is enabled but debugging
50 output is not directed to standard output, then the standard out-
51 put is line buffered. _
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs is one or more of the following:
53 _
\bA Print all possible debugging information; equivalent to
54 specifying all of the debugging flags.
56 _
\ba Print debugging information about archive searching and
59 _
\bC Print debugging information about current working direc-
62 _
\bc Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
64 _
\bd Print debugging information about directory searching and
67 _
\be Print debugging information about failed commands and
70 _
\bF[+
\b+]_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bn_
\ba_
\bm_
\be
71 Specify where debugging output is written. This must be
72 the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of the
73 argument. If the character immediately after the `F'
74 flag is `+', then the file will be opened in append mode;
75 otherwise the file will be overwritten. If the file name
76 is `stdout' or `stderr' then debugging output will be
77 written to the standard output or standard error output
78 file descriptors respectively (and the `+' option has no
79 effect). Otherwise, the output will be written to the
80 named file. If the file name ends `.%d' then the `%d' is
83 _
\bf Print debugging information about loop evaluation.
85 _
\bg_
\b1 Print the input graph before making anything.
87 _
\bg_
\b2 Print the input graph after making everything, or before
90 _
\bg_
\b3 Print the input graph before exiting on error.
92 _
\bj Print debugging information about running multiple
95 _
\bl Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not
96 they are prefixed by `@' or other "quiet" flags. Also
97 known as "loud" behavior.
99 _
\bM Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions
102 _
\bm Print debugging information about making targets, includ-
103 ing modification dates.
105 _
\bn Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when
106 running commands. These temporary scripts are created in
107 the directory referred to by the TMPDIR environment vari-
108 able, or in _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp if TMPDIR is unset or set to the empty
109 string. The temporary scripts are created by mkstemp(3),
110 and have names of the form _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX. _
\bN_
\bO_
\bT_
\bE: This can
111 create many files in TMPDIR or _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp, so use with care.
113 _
\bp Print debugging information about makefile parsing.
115 _
\bs Print debugging information about suffix-transformation
118 _
\bt Print debugging information about target list mainte-
121 _
\bV Force the -
\b-V
\bV option to print raw values of variables.
123 _
\bv Print debugging information about variable assignment.
125 _
\bx Run shell commands with -
\b-x
\bx so the actual commands are
126 printed as they are executed.
128 -
\b-e
\be Specify that environment variables override macro assignments
131 -
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
132 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be'. If
133 _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be is `-
\b-', standard input is read. Multiple makefiles may
134 be specified, and are read in the order specified.
136 -
\b-I
\bI _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
137 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included
138 makefiles. The system makefile directory (or directories, see
139 the -
\b-m
\bm option) is automatically included as part of this list.
141 -
\b-i
\bi Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile. Equiva-
142 lent to specifying `-
\b-' before each command line in the makefile.
144 -
\b-J
\bJ _
\bp_
\br_
\bi_
\bv_
\ba_
\bt_
\be
145 This option should _
\bn_
\bo_
\bt be specified by the user.
147 When the _
\bj option is in use in a recursive build, this option is
148 passed by a make to child makes to allow all the make processes
149 in the build to cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
151 -
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs
152 Specify the maximum number of jobs that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be may have running at
153 any one time. The value is saved in _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\bS. Turns compati-
154 bility mode off, unless the _
\bB flag is also specified. When com-
155 patibility mode is off, all commands associated with a target are
156 executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the tradi-
157 tional one shell invocation per line. This can break traditional
158 scripts which change directories on each command invocation and
159 then expect to start with a fresh environment on the next line.
160 It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn
161 backwards compatibility on.
163 -
\b-k
\bk Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on
164 those targets that do not depend on the target whose creation
167 -
\b-m
\bm _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
168 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles
169 included via the <_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be>-style include statement. The -
\b-m
\bm option
170 can be used multiple times to form a search path. This path will
171 override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk. Fur-
172 thermore the system include path will be appended to the search
173 path used for "_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be"-style include statements (see the -
\b-I
\bI
176 If a file or directory name in the -
\b-m
\bm argument (or the
177 MAKESYSPATH environment variable) starts with the string ".../"
178 then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will search for the specified file or directory named
179 in the remaining part of the argument string. The search starts
180 with the current directory of the Makefile and then works upward
181 towards the root of the filesystem. If the search is successful,
182 then the resulting directory replaces the ".../" specification in
183 the -
\b-m
\bm argument. If used, this feature allows b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be to easily
184 search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk files
185 (e.g., by using ".../mk/sys.mk" as an argument).
187 -
\b-n
\bn Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
188 actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE spe-
189 cial source (see below).
191 -
\b-N
\bN Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
192 actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level
193 makefiles without descending into subdirectories.
195 -
\b-q
\bq Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets
196 are up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
198 -
\b-r
\br Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
200 -
\b-s
\bs Do not echo any commands as they are executed. Equivalent to
201 specifying `@
\b@' before each command line in the makefile.
203 -
\b-T
\bT _
\bt_
\br_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
204 When used with the -
\b-j
\bj flag, append a trace record to _
\bt_
\br_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
205 for each job started and completed.
207 -
\b-t
\bt Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile,
208 create it or update its modification time to make it appear up-
211 -
\b-V
\bV _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
212 Print b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's idea of the value of _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be, in the global con-
213 text. Do not build any targets. Multiple instances of this
214 option may be specified; the variables will be printed one per
215 line, with a blank line for each null or undefined variable. If
216 _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be contains a `$' then the value will be expanded before
219 -
\b-W
\bW Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
221 -
\b-X
\bX Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environ-
222 ment individually. Variables passed on the command line are
223 still exported via the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable. This
224 option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
225 size of command arguments.
227 _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be
228 Set the value of the variable _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be to _
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be. Normally, all
229 values passed on the command line are also exported to sub-makes
230 in the environment. The -
\b-X
\bX flag disables this behavior. Vari-
231 able assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility
232 but no ordering is enforced.
234 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
235 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
236 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
238 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
239 them with a backslash (`\'). The trailing newline character and initial
240 whitespace on the following line are compressed into a single space.
242 F
\bFI
\bIL
\bLE
\bE D
\bDE
\bEP
\bPE
\bEN
\bND
\bDE
\bEN
\bNC
\bCY
\bY S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIF
\bFI
\bIC
\bCA
\bAT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNS
\bS
243 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero or
244 more sources. This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend''
245 on the sources and are usually created from them. The exact relationship
246 between the target and the source is determined by the operator that sep-
247 arates them. The three operators are as follows:
249 :
\b: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less
250 than those of any of its sources. Sources for a target accumulate
251 over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target is
252 removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
254 !
\b! Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
255 examined and re-created as necessary. Sources for a target accumu-
256 late over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target
257 is removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
259 :
\b::
\b: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created. Oth-
260 erwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources
261 has been modified more recently than the target. Sources for a
262 target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
263 is used. The target will not be removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
265 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values `?', `*', `[]',
266 and `{}'. The values `?', `*', and `[]' may only be used as part of the
267 final component of the target or source, and must be used to describe
268 existing files. The value `{}' need not necessarily be used to describe
269 existing files. Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as
272 S
\bSH
\bHE
\bEL
\bLL
\bL C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMM
\bMA
\bAN
\bND
\bDS
\bS
273 Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, nor-
274 mally used to create the target. Each of the commands in this script
275 _
\bm_
\bu_
\bs_
\bt be preceded by a tab. While any target may appear on a dependency
276 line, only one of these dependencies may be followed by a creation
277 script, unless the `:
\b::
\b:' operator is used.
279 If the first characters of the command line are any combination of `@
\b@',
280 `+
\b+', or `-
\b-', the command is treated specially. A `@
\b@' causes the command
281 not to be echoed before it is executed. A `+
\b+' causes the command to be
282 executed even when -
\b-n
\bn is given. This is similar to the effect of the
283 .MAKE special source, except that the effect can be limited to a single
284 line of a script. A `-
\b-' causes any non-zero exit status of the command
287 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is run in jobs mode with -
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs, the entire script for
288 the target is fed to a single instance of the shell.
290 In compatibility (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate
291 process. If the command contains any shell meta characters
292 (`#=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\\n') it will be passed to the shell, otherwise
293 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will attempt direct execution.
295 Since b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will chdir(2) to `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' before executing any targets, each
296 child process starts with that as its current working directory.
298 Makefiles should be written so that the mode of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be operation does not
299 change their behavior. For example, any command which needs to use
300 ``cd'' or ``chdir'', without side-effect should be put in parenthesis:
303 avoid-chdir-side-effects:
304 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`
305 @(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@)
308 ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode:
309 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \
310 (cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@); \
313 V
\bVA
\bAR
\bRI
\bIA
\bAB
\bBL
\bLE
\bE A
\bAS
\bSS
\bSI
\bIG
\bGN
\bNM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS
314 Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradi-
315 tion, consist of all upper-case letters.
317 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be a
\bas
\bss
\bsi
\big
\bgn
\bnm
\bme
\ben
\bnt
\bt m
\bmo
\bod
\bdi
\bif
\bfi
\bie
\ber
\brs
\bs
318 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
321 =
\b= Assign the value to the variable. Any previous value is overrid-
324 +
\b+=
\b= Append the value to the current value of the variable.
326 ?
\b?=
\b= Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
328 :
\b:=
\b= Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
329 to the variable. Normally, expansion is not done until the vari-
330 able is referenced. _
\bN_
\bO_
\bT_
\bE: References to undefined variables are
331 _
\bn_
\bo_
\bt expanded. This can cause problems when variable modifiers
334 !
\b!=
\b= Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and
335 assign the result to the variable. Any newlines in the result
336 are replaced with spaces.
338 Any white-space before the assigned _
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be is removed; if the value is
339 being appended, a single space is inserted between the previous contents
340 of the variable and the appended value.
342 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either curly
343 braces (`{}') or parentheses (`()') and preceding it with a dollar sign
344 (`$'). If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surround-
345 ing braces or parentheses are not required. This shorter form is not
348 If the variable name contains a dollar, then the name itself is expanded
349 first. This allows almost arbitrary variable names, however names con-
350 taining dollar, braces, parenthesis, or whitespace are really best
353 If the result of expanding a variable contains a dollar sign (`$') the
354 string is expanded again.
356 Variable substitution occurs at three distinct times, depending on where
357 the variable is being used.
359 1. Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
361 2. Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
364 3. ``.for'' loop index variables are expanded on each loop iteration.
365 Note that other variables are not expanded inside loops so the fol-
384 Because while ${a} contains ``1 2 3'' after the loop is executed,
385 ${b} contains ``${j} ${j} ${j}'' which expands to ``3 3 3'' since
386 after the loop completes ${j} contains ``3''.
388 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be c
\bcl
\bla
\bas
\bss
\bse
\bes
\bs
389 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing prece-
392 Environment variables
393 Variables defined as part of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's environment.
396 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
398 Command line variables
399 Variables defined as part of the command line.
402 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target. The
403 seven local variables are as follows:
405 _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC The list of all sources for this target; also known as
408 _
\b._
\bA_
\bR_
\bC_
\bH_
\bI_
\bV_
\bE The name of the archive file.
410 _
\b._
\bI_
\bM_
\bP_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the
411 source from which the target is to be transformed (the
412 ``implied'' source); also known as `_
\b<'. It is not
413 defined in explicit rules.
415 _
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bM_
\bB_
\bE_
\bR The name of the archive member.
417 _
\b._
\bO_
\bO_
\bD_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE The list of sources for this target that were deemed
418 out-of-date; also known as `_
\b?'.
420 _
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX The file prefix of the target, containing only the file
421 portion, no suffix or preceding directory components;
422 also known as `_
\b*'.
424 _
\b._
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT The name of the target; also known as `_
\b@'.
426 The shorter forms `_
\b@', `_
\b?', `_
\b<', `_
\b>', and `_
\b*' are permitted for
427 backward compatibility with historical makefiles and are not rec-
428 ommended. The six variables `_
\b@_
\bF', `_
\b@_
\bD', `_
\b<_
\bF', `_
\b<_
\bD', `_
\b*_
\bF', and
429 `_
\b*_
\bD' are permitted for compatibility with AT&T System V UNIX
430 makefiles and are not recommended.
432 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency
433 lines because they expand to the proper value for each target on
434 the line. These variables are `_
\b._
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT', `_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX', `_
\b._
\bA_
\bR_
\bC_
\bH_
\bI_
\bV_
\bE',
435 and `_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bM_
\bB_
\bE_
\bR'.
437 A
\bAd
\bdd
\bdi
\bit
\bti
\bio
\bon
\bna
\bal
\bl b
\bbu
\bui
\bil
\blt
\bt-
\b-i
\bin
\bn v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\bes
\bs
438 In addition, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be sets or knows about the following variables:
440 _
\b$ A single dollar sign `$', i.e. `$$' expands to a single
443 _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT_
\bS The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile. If
444 evaluated during Makefile parsing, lists only those tar-
445 gets encountered thus far.
447 _
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory where b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was executed. Refer
448 to the description of `PWD' for more details.
450 MAKE The name that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was executed with (_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\bv_
\b[_
\b0_
\b]). For
451 compatibility b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be also sets _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE with the same value.
452 The preferred variable to use is the environment variable
453 MAKE because it is more compatible with other versions of
454 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and cannot be confused with the special target with
457 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bD_
\bE_
\bP_
\bE_
\bN_
\bD_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE
458 Names the makefile (default `_
\b._
\bd_
\be_
\bp_
\be_
\bn_
\bd') from which gener-
459 ated dependencies are read.
461 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bA_
\bN_
\bD_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\bI_
\bA_
\bB_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
462 A boolean that controls the default behavior of the -
\b-V
\bV
465 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD The list of variables exported by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
467 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\bS The argument to the -
\b-j
\bj option.
469 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX
470 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is run with _
\bj then output for each target is
471 prefixed with a token `--- target ---' the first part of
472 which can be controlled via _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX.
474 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}]
475 would produce tokens like `---make[1234] target ---' mak-
476 ing it easier to track the degree of parallelism being
479 MAKEFLAGS The environment variable `MAKEFLAGS' may contain anything
480 that may be specified on b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line. Anything
481 specified on b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line is appended to the
482 `MAKEFLAGS' variable which is then entered into the envi-
483 ronment for all programs which b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be executes.
485 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bL_
\bE_
\bV_
\bE_
\bL The recursion depth of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. The initial instance of
486 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the
487 environment to be seen by the next generation. This
488 allows tests like: .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 to protect
489 things which should only be evaluated in the initial
490 instance of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
492 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bE_
\bR_
\bE_
\bN_
\bC_
\bE
493 The ordered list of makefile names (default `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be',
494 `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be') that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will look for.
496 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
497 The list of makefiles read by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be, which is useful for
498 tracking dependencies. Each makefile is recorded only
499 once, regardless of the number of times read.
501 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bO_
\bD_
\bE Processed after reading all makefiles. Can affect the
502 mode that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be runs in. It can contain a number of key-
505 _
\bc_
\bo_
\bm_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt Like -
\b-B
\bB, puts b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be into "compat" mode.
507 _
\bm_
\be_
\bt_
\ba Puts b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be into "meta" mode, where meta files
508 are created for each target to capture the
509 command run, the output generated and if
510 filemon(4) is available, the system calls
511 which are of interest to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. The captured
512 output can be very useful when diagnosing
515 _
\bc_
\bu_
\br_
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\bO_
\bk_
\b= _
\bb_
\bf Normally b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will not create .meta files
516 in `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR'. This can be overridden by set-
517 ting _
\bb_
\bf to a value which represents True.
519 _
\be_
\bn_
\bv For debugging, it can be useful to inlcude
520 the environment in the .meta file.
522 _
\bv_
\be_
\br_
\bb_
\bo_
\bs_
\be If in "meta" mode, print a clue about the
523 target being built. This is useful if the
524 build is otherwise running silently. The
525 message printed the value of:
526 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX.
528 _
\bi_
\bg_
\bn_
\bo_
\br_
\be_
\b-_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd Some makefiles have commands which are simply
529 not stable. This keyword causes them to be
530 ignored for determining whether a target is
531 out of date in "meta" mode. See also
532 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA_
\b_C
\bCM
\bMP
\bP.
534 _
\bs_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bn_
\bt_
\b= _
\bb_
\bf If _
\bb_
\bf is True, when a .meta file is created,
535 mark the target .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT.
537 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bB_
\bA_
\bI_
\bL_
\bI_
\bW_
\bI_
\bC_
\bK
538 In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which match
539 the directories controlled by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. If a file that was
540 generated outside of _
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR but within said bailiwick is
541 missing, the current target is considered out-of-date.
543 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bC_
\bR_
\bE_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD
544 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
545 meta files updated. If not empty, it can be used to
546 trigger processing of _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS.
548 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
549 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
550 meta files used (updated or not). This list can be used
551 to process the meta files to extract dependency informa-
554 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX
555 Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in
556 "meta verbose" mode. The default value is:
557 Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T}
559 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS This variable is used to record the names of variables
560 assigned to on the command line, so that they may be
561 exported as part of `MAKEFLAGS'. This behaviour can be
562 disabled by assigning an empty value to `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS'
563 within a makefile. Extra variables can be exported from
564 a makefile by appending their names to `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS'.
565 `MAKEFLAGS' is re-exported whenever `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS' is
568 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH_
\b__
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bM_
\bO_
\bN
569 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was built with filemon(4) support, this is set
570 to the path of the device node. This allows makefiles to
571 test for this support.
573 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bI_
\bD The process-id of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
575 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bP_
\bI_
\bD The parent process-id of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
577 _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR
578 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be stops due to an error, it prints its name and
579 the value of `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' as well as the value of any vari-
580 ables named in `_
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR'.
582 _
\b._
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bl_
\bi_
\bn_
\be This variable is simply assigned a newline character as
583 its value. This allows expansions using the :
\b:@
\b@ modifier
584 to put a newline between iterations of the loop rather
585 than a space. For example, the printing of
586 `_
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR' could be done as
587 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
589 _
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory where the targets are built. Its
590 value is determined by trying to chdir(2) to the follow-
591 ing directories in order and using the first match:
593 1. ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
595 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set in the environ-
596 ment or on the command line.)
600 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIR' is set in the environment or
601 on the command line.)
603 3. ${.CURDIR}_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj_
\b.${MACHINE}
605 4. ${.CURDIR}_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj
607 5. _
\b/_
\bu_
\bs_
\br_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj_
\b/${.CURDIR}
611 Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's
612 used, so expressions such as
613 ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,}
614 may be used. This is especially useful with
617 `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' may be modified in the makefile as a global
618 variable. In all cases, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will chdir(2) to `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR'
619 and set `PWD' to that directory before executing any tar-
622 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory of the current `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' being
625 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE The basename of the current `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' being parsed.
626 This variable and `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' are both set only while the
627 `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bs' are being parsed. If you want to retain
628 their current values, assign them to a variable using
629 assignment with expansion: (`:
\b:=
\b=').
631 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH A variable that represents the list of directories that
632 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will search for files. The search list should be
633 updated using the target `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH' rather than the vari-
636 PWD Alternate path to the current directory. b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be normally
637 sets `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' to the canonical path given by getcwd(3).
638 However, if the environment variable `PWD' is set and
639 gives a path to the current directory, then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be sets
640 `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' to the value of `PWD' instead. This behaviour
641 is disabled if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set or `MAKEOBJDIR'
642 contains a variable transform. `PWD' is set to the value
643 of `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' for all programs which b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be executes.
645 .TARGETS The list of targets explicitly specified on the command
648 VPATH Colon-separated (``:'') lists of directories that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be
649 will search for files. The variable is supported for
650 compatibility with old make programs only, use `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH'
653 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be m
\bmo
\bod
\bdi
\bif
\bfi
\bie
\ber
\brs
\bs
654 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
655 variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of charac-
656 ters). The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
658 ${variable[:modifier[:...]]}
660 Each modifier begins with a colon, which may be escaped with a backslash
663 A set of modifiers can be specified via a variable, as follows:
665 modifier_variable=modifier[:...]
666 ${variable:${modifier_variable}[:...]}
668 In this case the first modifier in the modifier_variable does not start
669 with a colon, since that must appear in the referencing variable. If any
670 of the modifiers in the modifier_variable contain a dollar sign (`$'),
671 these must be doubled to avoid early expansion.
673 The supported modifiers are:
675 :
\b:E
\bE Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
677 :
\b:H
\bH Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last com-
680 :
\b:M
\bM_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
681 Select only those words that match _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn. The standard shell
682 wildcard characters (`*', `?', and `[]') may be used. The wildcard
683 characters may be escaped with a backslash (`\').
685 :
\b:N
\bN_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
686 This is identical to `:
\b:M
\bM', but selects all words which do not match
687 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn.
689 :
\b:O
\bO Order every word in variable alphabetically. To sort words in
690 reverse order use the `:
\b:O
\bO:
\b:[
\b[-
\b-1
\b1.
\b..
\b.1
\b1]
\b]' combination of modifiers.
692 :
\b:O
\bOx
\bx Randomize words in variable. The results will be different each
693 time you are referring to the modified variable; use the assignment
694 with expansion (`:
\b:=
\b=') to prevent such behaviour. For example,
696 LIST= uno due tre quattro
697 RANDOM_LIST= ${LIST:Ox}
698 STATIC_RANDOM_LIST:= ${LIST:Ox}
701 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
702 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
703 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
704 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
705 may produce output similar to:
712 :
\b:Q
\bQ Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be
713 passed safely through recursive invocations of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
715 :
\b:R
\bR Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
717 :
\b:g
\bgm
\bmt
\bti
\bim
\bme
\be
718 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current
722 Compute a 32bit hash of the value and encode it as hex digits.
724 :
\b:l
\blo
\boc
\bca
\bal
\blt
\bti
\bim
\bme
\be
725 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current
728 :
\b:t
\btA
\bA Attempt to convert variable to an absolute path using realpath(3),
729 if that fails, the value is unchanged.
731 :
\b:t
\btl
\bl Converts variable to lower-case letters.
734 Words in the variable are normally separated by a space on expan-
735 sion. This modifier sets the separator to the character _
\bc. If _
\bc is
736 omitted, then no separator is used. The common escapes (including
737 octal numeric codes), work as expected.
739 :
\b:t
\btu
\bu Converts variable to upper-case letters.
741 :
\b:t
\btW
\bW Causes the value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing
742 embedded white space). See also `:
\b:[
\b[*
\b*]
\b]'.
744 :
\b:t
\btw
\bw Causes the value to be treated as a sequence of words delimited by
745 white space. See also `:
\b:[
\b[@
\b@]
\b]'.
747 :
\b:S
\bS/_
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg/_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg/[1
\b1g
\bgW
\bW]
748 Modify the first occurrence of _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg in the variable's value,
749 replacing it with _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. If a `g' is appended to the last
750 slash of the pattern, all occurrences in each word are replaced. If
751 a `1' is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first
752 word is affected. If a `W' is appended to the last slash of the
753 pattern, then the value is treated as a single word (possibly con-
754 taining embedded white space). If _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg begins with a caret
755 (`^'), _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg is anchored at the beginning of each word. If
756 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg ends with a dollar sign (`$'), it is anchored at the end
757 of each word. Inside _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, an ampersand (`&') is replaced by
758 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg (without any `^' or `$'). Any character may be used as a
759 delimiter for the parts of the modifier string. The anchoring,
760 ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a backslash
763 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
764 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg and _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg with the single exception that a backslash
765 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
766 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
768 :
\b:C
\bC/_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn/_
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt/[1
\b1g
\bgW
\bW]
769 The :
\b:C
\bC modifier is just like the :
\b:S
\bS modifier except that the old and
770 new strings, instead of being simple strings, are a regular expres-
771 sion (see regex(3)) string _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn and an ed(1)-style string
772 _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
773 in each word of the value is substituted with _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt. The `1'
774 modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
775 `g' modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances
776 of the search pattern _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn as occur in the word or words it is
777 found in; the `W' modifier causes the value to be treated as a sin-
778 gle word (possibly containing embedded white space). Note that `1'
779 and `g' are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words
780 are potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions
781 can potentially occur within each affected word.
783 :
\b:T
\bT Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
785 :
\b:u
\bu Remove adjacent duplicate words (like uniq(1)).
787 :
\b:?
\b?_
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg:
\b:_
\bf_
\ba_
\bl_
\bs_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
788 If the variable name (not its value), when parsed as a .if condi-
789 tional expression, evaluates to true, return as its value the
790 _
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, otherwise return the _
\bf_
\ba_
\bl_
\bs_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. Since the variable
791 name is used as the expression, :? must be the first modifier after
792 the variable name itself - which will, of course, usually contain
793 variable expansions. A common error is trying to use expressions
795 ${NUMBERS:M42:?match:no}
796 which actually tests defined(NUMBERS), to determine is any words
797 match "42" you need to use something like:
798 ${"${NUMBERS:M42}" != "":?match:no}.
800 _
\b:_
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg_
\b=_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
801 This is the AT&T System V UNIX style variable substitution. It must
802 be the last modifier specified. If _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg or _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg do not
803 contain the pattern matching character _
\b% then it is assumed that
804 they are anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or
805 entire words may be replaced. Otherwise _
\b% is the substring of
806 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg to be replaced in _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg.
808 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
809 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg and _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg with the single exception that a backslash
810 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
811 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
813 :
\b:@
\b@_
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp@
\b@_
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg@
\b@
814 This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development Envi-
815 ronment (ODE) make. Unlike .
\b.f
\bfo
\bor
\br loops expansion occurs at the time
816 of reference. Assign _
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp to each word in the variable and evaluate
817 _
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. The ODE convention is that _
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp should start and end with a
819 ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
821 However a single character varaiable is often more readable:
822 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}
824 :
\b:U
\bU_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl
825 If the variable is undefined _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl is the value. If the variable
826 is defined, the existing value is returned. This is another ODE
827 make feature. It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for
829 ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
830 If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
833 :
\b:D
\bD_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl
834 If the variable is defined _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl is the value.
836 :
\b:L
\bL The name of the variable is the value.
838 :
\b:P
\bP The path of the node which has the same name as the variable is the
839 value. If no such node exists or its path is null, then the name of
840 the variable is used. In order for this modifier to work, the name
841 (node) must at least have appeared on the rhs of a dependency.
843 :
\b:!
\b!_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd!
\b!
844 The output of running _
\bc_
\bm_
\bd is the value.
846 :
\b:s
\bsh
\bh If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
847 becomes the new value.
849 :
\b::
\b:=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
850 The variable is assigned the value _
\bs_
\bt_
\br after substitution. This
851 modifier and its variations are useful in obscure situations such as
852 wanting to set a variable when shell commands are being parsed.
853 These assignment modifiers always expand to nothing, so if appearing
854 in a rule line by themselves should be preceded with something to
855 keep b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be happy.
857 The `:
\b::
\b:' helps avoid false matches with the AT&T System V UNIX style
858 :
\b:=
\b= modifier and since substitution always occurs the :
\b::
\b:=
\b= form is
861 :
\b::
\b:?
\b?=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
862 As for :
\b::
\b:=
\b= but only if the variable does not already have a value.
864 :
\b::
\b:+
\b+=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
865 Append _
\bs_
\bt_
\br to the variable.
867 :
\b::
\b:!
\b!=
\b=_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd
868 Assign the output of _
\bc_
\bm_
\bd to the variable.
870 :
\b:[
\b[_
\br_
\ba_
\bn_
\bg_
\be]
\b]
871 Selects one or more words from the value, or performs other opera-
872 tions related to the way in which the value is divided into words.
874 Ordinarily, a value is treated as a sequence of words delimited by
875 white space. Some modifiers suppress this behaviour, causing a
876 value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded
877 white space). An empty value, or a value that consists entirely of
878 white-space, is treated as a single word. For the purposes of the
879 `:
\b:[
\b[]
\b]' modifier, the words are indexed both forwards using positive
880 integers (where index 1 represents the first word), and backwards
881 using negative integers (where index -1 represents the last word).
883 The _
\br_
\ba_
\bn_
\bg_
\be is subjected to variable expansion, and the expanded
884 result is then interpreted as follows:
886 _
\bi_
\bn_
\bd_
\be_
\bx Selects a single word from the value.
888 _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt.
\b..
\b._
\be_
\bn_
\bd
889 Selects all words from _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt to _
\be_
\bn_
\bd, inclusive. For example,
890 `:
\b:[
\b[2
\b2.
\b..
\b.-
\b-1
\b1]
\b]' selects all words from the second word to the last
891 word. If _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt is greater than _
\be_
\bn_
\bd, then the words are out-
892 put in reverse order. For example, `:
\b:[
\b[-
\b-1
\b1.
\b..
\b.1
\b1]
\b]' selects all
893 the words from last to first.
895 *
\b* Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a single
896 word (possibly containing embedded white space). Analogous
897 to the effect of "$*" in Bourne shell.
899 0 Means the same as `:
\b:[
\b[*
\b*]
\b]'.
901 @
\b@ Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a sequence
902 of words delimited by white space. Analogous to the effect
903 of "$@" in Bourne shell.
905 #
\b# Returns the number of words in the value.
907 I
\bIN
\bNC
\bCL
\bLU
\bUD
\bDE
\bE S
\bST
\bTA
\bAT
\bTE
\bEM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS,
\b, C
\bCO
\bON
\bND
\bDI
\bIT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNA
\bAL
\bLS
\bS A
\bAN
\bND
\bD F
\bFO
\bOR
\bR L
\bLO
\bOO
\bOP
\bPS
\bS
908 Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent of
909 the C programming language are provided in b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. All such structures
910 are identified by a line beginning with a single dot (`.') character.
911 Files are included with either .
\b.i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be <_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be> or .
\b.i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be "_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be". Vari-
912 ables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded to form
913 the file name. If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is
914 expected to be in the system makefile directory. If double quotes are
915 used, the including makefile's directory and any directories specified
916 using the -
\b-I
\bI option are searched before the system makefile directory.
917 For compatibility with other versions of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be `include file ...' is also
918 accepted. If the include statement is written as .
\b.-
\b-i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be or as
919 .
\b.s
\bsi
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be then errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
921 Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
922 character of a line. The possible conditionals are as follows:
924 .
\b.e
\ber
\brr
\bro
\bor
\br _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
925 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
926 line number, then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will exit.
928 .
\b.e
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
929 Export the specified global variable. If no variable list is
930 provided, all globals are exported except for internal variables
931 (those that start with `.'). This is not affected by the -
\b-X
\bX
932 flag, so should be used with caution. For compatibility with
933 other b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be programs `export variable=value' is also accepted.
935 Appending a variable name to _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD is equivalent to
936 exporting a variable.
938 .
\b.e
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt-
\b-e
\ben
\bnv
\bv _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
939 The same as `.export', except that the variable is not appended
940 to _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD. This allows exporting a value to the environ-
941 ment which is different from that used by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be internally.
943 .
\b.i
\bin
\bnf
\bfo
\bo _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
944 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
947 .
\b.u
\bun
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
948 Un-define the specified global variable. Only global variables
951 .
\b.u
\bun
\bne
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
952 The opposite of `.export'. The specified global _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be will be
953 removed from _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD. If no variable list is provided,
954 all globals are unexported, and _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD deleted.
956 .
\b.u
\bun
\bne
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt-
\b-e
\ben
\bnv
\bv
957 Unexport all globals previously exported and clear the environ-
958 ment inherited from the parent. This operation will cause a mem-
959 ory leak of the original environment, so should be used spar-
960 ingly. Testing for _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bL_
\bE_
\bV_
\bE_
\bL being 0, would make sense. Also
961 note that any variables which originated in the parent environ-
962 ment should be explicitly preserved if desired. For example:
964 .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0
970 Would result in an environment containing only `PATH', which is
971 the minimal useful environment. Actually `.MAKE.LEVEL' will also
972 be pushed into the new environment.
974 .
\b.w
\bwa
\bar
\brn
\bni
\bin
\bng
\bg _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
975 The message prefixed by `_
\bw_
\ba_
\br_
\bn_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg_
\b:' is printed along with the name
976 of the makefile and line number.
978 .
\b.i
\bif
\bf [!]_
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
979 Test the value of an expression.
981 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
982 Test the value of a variable.
984 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
985 Test the value of a variable.
987 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
988 Test the target being built.
990 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!] _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
991 Test the target being built.
993 .
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
995 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bf [!] _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
996 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bf'.
998 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
999 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf'.
1001 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1002 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf'.
1004 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1005 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be'.
1007 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1008 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be'.
1010 .
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdi
\bif
\bf End the body of the conditional.
1012 The _
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br may be any one of the following:
1014 |
\b||
\b| Logical OR.
1016 &
\b&&
\b& Logical AND; of higher precedence than ``||''.
1018 As in C, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to
1019 determine its value. Parentheses may be used to change the order of
1020 evaluation. The boolean operator `!
\b!' may be used to logically negate an
1021 entire conditional. It is of higher precedence than `&
\b&&
\b&'.
1023 The value of _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn may be any of the following:
1025 d
\bde
\bef
\bfi
\bin
\bne
\bed
\bd Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if
1026 the variable has been defined.
1028 m
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1029 target was specified as part of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line or was
1030 declared the default target (either implicitly or explicitly,
1031 see _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bI_
\bN) before the line containing the conditional.
1033 e
\bem
\bmp
\bpt
\bty
\by Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true
1034 if the expansion of the variable would result in an empty
1037 e
\bex
\bxi
\bis
\bst
\bts
\bs Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1038 file exists. The file is searched for on the system search path
1039 (see _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH).
1041 t
\bta
\bar
\brg
\bge
\bet
\bt Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1042 target has been defined.
1044 c
\bco
\bom
\bmm
\bma
\ban
\bnd
\bds
\bs
1045 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1046 target has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1048 _
\bE_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable
1049 expansion is performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the
1050 integral values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if
1051 it is preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not sup-
1052 ported. The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after
1053 variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a `=
\b==
\b=' or `!
\b!=
\b='
1054 operator is not an integral value, then string comparison is performed
1055 between the expanded variables. If no relational operator is given, it
1056 is assumed that the expanded variable is being compared against 0 or an
1057 empty string in the case of a string comparison.
1059 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it
1060 encounters a (white-space separated) word it doesn't recognize, either
1061 the ``make'' or ``defined'' expression is applied to it, depending on the
1062 form of the conditional. If the form is `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf', `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf', or `.
\b.i
\bif
\bf'
1063 the ``defined'' expression is applied. Similarly, if the form is
1064 `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be' or `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be, t
\bth
\bhe
\be' ``make'' expression is applied.
1066 If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile contin-
1067 ues as before. If it evaluates to false, the following lines are
1068 skipped. In both cases this continues until a `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' or `.
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdi
\bif
\bf' is
1071 For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1072 The syntax of a for loop is:
1074 .
\b.f
\bfo
\bor
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.] i
\bin
\bn _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn
1076 .
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdf
\bfo
\bor
\br
1078 After the for e
\bex
\bxp
\bpr
\bre
\bes
\bss
\bsi
\bio
\bon
\bn is evaluated, it is split into words. On each
1079 iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be,
1080 in order, and these v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\bes
\bs are substituted into the m
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be-
\b-r
\bru
\bul
\ble
\bes
\bs inside
1081 the body of the for loop. The number of words must come out even; that
1082 is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words provided
1083 must be a multiple of three.
1085 C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS
1086 Comments begin with a hash (`#') character, anywhere but in a shell com-
1087 mand line, and continue to the end of an unescaped new line.
1089 S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL S
\bSO
\bOU
\bUR
\bRC
\bCE
\bES
\bS (
\b(A
\bAT
\bTT
\bTR
\bRI
\bIB
\bBU
\bUT
\bTE
\bES
\bS)
\b)
1090 .
\b.E
\bEX
\bXE
\bEC
\bC Target is never out of date, but always execute commands any-
1093 .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this tar-
1094 get, exactly as if they all were preceded by a dash (`-').
1096 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAD
\bDE
\bE Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1098 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE Execute the commands associated with this target even if the -
\b-n
\bn
1099 or -
\b-t
\bt options were specified. Normally used to mark recursive
1100 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's.
1102 .
\b.M
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA Create a meta file for the target, even if it is flagged as
1103 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY, .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE, or .
\b.S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL. Usage in conjunction with .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE is
1104 the most likely case. In "meta" mode, the target is out-of-
1105 date if the meta file is missing.
1107 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA Do not create a meta file for the target. Meta files are also
1108 not created for .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY, .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE, or .
\b.S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL targets.
1110 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA_
\b_C
\bCM
\bMP
\bP
1111 Ignore differences in commands when deciding if target is out
1112 of date. This is useful if the command contains a value which
1113 always changes. If the number of commands change, though, the
1114 target will still be out of date. The same effect applies to
1115 any command line that uses the variable _
\b._
\bO_
\bO_
\bD_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE, which can be
1116 used for that purpose even when not otherwise needed or
1120 skip-compare-for-some:
1121 @echo this will be compared
1122 @echo this will not ${.OODATE:M.NOMETA_CMP}
1123 @echo this will also be compared
1125 The :
\b:M
\bM pattern suppresses any expansion of the unwanted vari-
1128 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH Do not search for the target in the directories specified by
1129 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH.
1131 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTM
\bMA
\bAI
\bIN
\bN Normally b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be selects the first target it encounters as the
1132 default target to be built if no target was specified. This
1133 source prevents this target from being selected.
1135 .
\b.O
\bOP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNA
\bAL
\bL
1136 If a target is marked with this attribute and b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be can't fig-
1137 ure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1138 the file isn't needed or already exists.
1140 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY The target does not correspond to an actual file; it is always
1141 considered to be out of date, and will not be created with the
1142 -
\b-t
\bt option. Suffix-transformation rules are not applied to
1143 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY targets.
1145 .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS
1146 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted, it normally removes any partially
1147 made targets. This source prevents the target from being
1150 .
\b.R
\bRE
\bEC
\bCU
\bUR
\bRS
\bSI
\bIV
\bVE
\bE
1151 Synonym for .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE.
1153 .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target,
1154 exactly as if they all were preceded by an at sign (`@').
1156 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE Turn the target into b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's version of a macro. When the tar-
1157 get is used as a source for another target, the other target
1158 acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1159 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE) of the source. If the target already has commands, the
1160 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE target's commands are appended to them.
1162 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bEB
\bBE
\bEF
\bFO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE
1163 Exactly like .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE, but prepend the .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bEB
\bBE
\bEF
\bFO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE target commands
1166 .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT If .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede
1167 it are made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1168 Since the dependents of files are not made until the file
1169 itself could be made, this also stops the dependents being
1170 built unless they are needed for another branch of the depen-
1171 dency tree. So given:
1182 the output is always `a', `b1', `b', `x'.
1183 The ordering imposed by .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT is only relevant for parallel
1186 S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL T
\bTA
\bAR
\bRG
\bGE
\bET
\bTS
\bS
1187 Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1188 the only target specified.
1190 .
\b.B
\bBE
\bEG
\bGI
\bIN
\bN Any command lines attached to this target are executed before
1191 anything else is done.
1193 .
\b.D
\bDE
\bEF
\bFA
\bAU
\bUL
\bLT
\bT
1194 This is sort of a .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE rule for any target (that was used only
1195 as a source) that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be can't figure out any other way to cre-
1196 ate. Only the shell script is used. The .
\b.I
\bIM
\bMP
\bPS
\bSR
\bRC
\bC variable of a
1197 target that inherits .
\b.D
\bDE
\bEF
\bFA
\bAU
\bUL
\bLT
\bT's commands is set to the target's
1200 .
\b.E
\bEN
\bND
\bD Any command lines attached to this target are executed after
1201 everything else is done.
1203 .
\b.E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR Any command lines attached to this target are executed when
1204 another target fails. The .
\b.E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR_
\b_T
\bTA
\bAR
\bRG
\bGE
\bET
\bT variable is set to the
1205 target that failed. See also M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE_
\b_P
\bPR
\bRI
\bIN
\bNT
\bT_
\b_V
\bVA
\bAR
\bR_
\b_O
\bON
\bN_
\b_E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR.
1207 .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE Mark each of the sources with the .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE attribute. If no
1208 sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1211 .
\b.I
\bIN
\bNT
\bTE
\bER
\bRR
\bRU
\bUP
\bPT
\bT
1212 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted, the commands for this target will be
1215 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAI
\bIN
\bN If no target is specified when b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is invoked, this target
1218 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bEF
\bFL
\bLA
\bAG
\bGS
\bS
1219 This target provides a way to specify flags for b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be when the
1220 makefile is used. The flags are as if typed to the shell,
1221 though the -
\b-f
\bf option will have no effect.
1223 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH Apply the .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH attribute to any specified sources.
1225 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTP
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL
1226 Disable parallel mode.
1228 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bO_
\b_P
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL
1229 Synonym for .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTP
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL, for compatibility with other pmake
1232 .
\b.O
\bOR
\bRD
\bDE
\bER
\bR The named targets are made in sequence. This ordering does not
1233 add targets to the list of targets to be made. Since the depen-
1234 dents of a target do not get built until the target itself could
1235 be built, unless `a' is built by another part of the dependency
1236 graph, the following is a dependency loop:
1241 The ordering imposed by .
\b.O
\bOR
\bRD
\bDE
\bER
\bR is only relevant for parallel
1244 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH The sources are directories which are to be searched for files
1245 not found in the current directory. If no sources are speci-
1246 fied, any previously specified directories are deleted. If the
1247 source is the special .
\b.D
\bDO
\bOT
\bTL
\bLA
\bAS
\bST
\bT target, then the current working
1248 directory is searched last.
1250 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY Apply the .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY attribute to any specified sources.
1252 .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS
1253 Apply the .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS attribute to any specified sources. If no
1254 sources are specified, the .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS attribute is applied to
1255 every target in the file.
1257 .
\b.S
\bSH
\bHE
\bEL
\bLL
\bL Sets the shell that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will use to execute commands. The
1258 sources are a set of _
\bf_
\bi_
\be_
\bl_
\bd_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be pairs.
1260 _
\bn_
\ba_
\bm_
\be This is the minimal specification, used to select
1261 one of the builtin shell specs; _
\bs_
\bh, _
\bk_
\bs_
\bh, and _
\bc_
\bs_
\bh.
1263 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bh Specifies the path to the shell.
1265 _
\bh_
\ba_
\bs_
\bE_
\br_
\br_
\bC_
\bt_
\bl Indicates whether the shell supports exit on error.
1267 _
\bc_
\bh_
\be_
\bc_
\bk The command to turn on error checking.
1269 _
\bi_
\bg_
\bn_
\bo_
\br_
\be The command to disable error checking.
1271 _
\be_
\bc_
\bh_
\bo The command to turn on echoing of commands executed.
1273 _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt The command to turn off echoing of commands exe-
1276 _
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\bt_
\be_
\br The output to filter after issuing the _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt com-
1277 mand. It is typically identical to _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt.
1279 _
\be_
\br_
\br_
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg The flag to pass the shell to enable error checking.
1281 _
\be_
\bc_
\bh_
\bo_
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg The flag to pass the shell to enable command echo-
1284 _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bl_
\bi_
\bn_
\be The string literal to pass the shell that results in
1285 a single newline character when used outside of any
1289 .SHELL: name=ksh path=/bin/ksh hasErrCtl=true \
1290 check="set -e" ignore="set +e" \
1291 echo="set -v" quiet="set +v" filter="set +v" \
1292 echoFlag=v errFlag=e newline="'\n'"
1294 .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT Apply the .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT attribute to any specified sources. If no
1295 sources are specified, the .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT attribute is applied to every
1296 command in the file.
1298 .
\b.S
\bST
\bTA
\bAL
\bLE
\bE This target gets run when a dependency file contains stale
1299 entries, having _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC set to the name of that dependency file.
1301 .
\b.S
\bSU
\bUF
\bFF
\bFI
\bIX
\bXE
\bES
\bS
1302 Each source specifies a suffix to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. If no sources are
1303 specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted. It
1304 allows the creation of suffix-transformation rules.
1310 cc -o ${.TARGET} -c ${.IMPSRC}
1312 E
\bEN
\bNV
\bVI
\bIR
\bRO
\bON
\bNM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bT
1313 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be uses the following environment variables, if they exist: MACHINE,
1314 MACHINE_ARCH, MAKE, MAKEFLAGS, MAKEOBJDIR, MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX, MAKESYSPATH,
1317 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX and MAKEOBJDIR may only be set in the environment or on
1318 the command line to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and not as makefile variables; see the descrip-
1319 tion of `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' for more details.
1321 F
\bFI
\bIL
\bLE
\bES
\bS
1322 .depend list of dependencies
1323 Makefile list of dependencies
1324 makefile list of dependencies
1325 sys.mk system makefile
1326 /usr/share/mk system makefile directory
1328 C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTI
\bIB
\bBI
\bIL
\bLI
\bIT
\bTY
\bY
1329 The basic make syntax is compatible between different versions of make,
1330 however the special variables, variable modifiers and conditionals are
1333 The way that parallel makes are scheduled changed in NetBSD 4.0 so that
1334 .ORDER and .WAIT apply recursively to the dependent nodes. The algo-
1335 rithms used may change again in the future.
1337 The way that .for loop variables are substituted changed after NetBSD 5.0
1338 so that they still appear to be variable expansions. In particular this
1339 stops them being treated as syntax, and removes some obscure problems
1340 using them in .if statements.
1342 S
\bSE
\bEE
\bE A
\bAL
\bLS
\bSO
\bO
1345 H
\bHI
\bIS
\bST
\bTO
\bOR
\bRY
\bY
1346 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is derived from NetBSD make(1). It uses autoconf to facilitate
1347 portability to other platforms.
1349 A make command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. This make implementation
1350 is based on Adam De Boor's pmake program which was written for Sprite at
1351 Berkeley. It was designed to be a parallel distributed make running jobs
1352 on different machines using a daemon called ``customs''.
1355 The make syntax is difficult to parse without actually acting of the
1356 data. For instance finding the end of a variable use should involve
1357 scanning each the modifiers using the correct terminator for each field.
1358 In many places make just counts {} and () in order to find the end of a
1361 There is no way of escaping a space character in a filename.
1363 NetBSD 5.1 March 30, 2013 NetBSD 5.1