2 * Copyright (c) 2007 S.Sam Arun Raj
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27 #include <sys/types.h>
49 ELFTC_VCSID("$Id: strings.c 3648 2018-11-22 23:26:43Z emaste $");
61 ENCODING_16BIT_LITTLE,
66 #define PRINTABLE(c) \
67 ((c) >= 0 && (c) <= 255 && \
68 ((c) == '\t' || isprint((c)) || \
69 (encoding == ENCODING_8BIT && (c) > 127)))
71 static int encoding_size, entire_file, show_filename, show_loc;
72 static enum encoding_style encoding;
73 static enum radix_style radix;
74 static intmax_t min_len;
76 static struct option strings_longopts[] = {
77 { "all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
78 { "bytes", required_argument, NULL, 'n'},
79 { "encoding", required_argument, NULL, 'e'},
80 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
81 { "print-file-name", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
82 { "radix", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
83 { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
87 int getcharacter(FILE *, long *);
88 int handle_file(const char *);
89 int handle_elf(const char *, FILE *);
90 int handle_binary(const char *, FILE *, size_t);
91 int find_strings(const char *, FILE *, off_t, off_t);
92 void show_version(void);
96 * strings(1) extracts text(contiguous printable characters)
97 * from elf and binary files.
100 main(int argc, char **argv)
107 if (elf_version(EV_CURRENT) == EV_NONE)
108 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "ELF library initialization failed: %s",
111 while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, "1234567890ae:fhn:ot:Vv",
112 strings_longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
118 if (*optarg == 's') {
119 encoding = ENCODING_7BIT;
120 } else if (*optarg == 'S') {
121 encoding = ENCODING_8BIT;
122 } else if (*optarg == 'b') {
123 encoding = ENCODING_16BIT_BIG;
125 } else if (*optarg == 'B') {
126 encoding = ENCODING_32BIT_BIG;
128 } else if (*optarg == 'l') {
129 encoding = ENCODING_16BIT_LITTLE;
131 } else if (*optarg == 'L') {
132 encoding = ENCODING_32BIT_LITTLE;
142 min_len = strtoimax(optarg, (char**)NULL, 10);
144 errx(EX_USAGE, "option -n should specify a "
145 "positive decimal integer.");
154 radix = RADIX_DECIMAL;
155 else if (*optarg == 'o')
157 else if (*optarg == 'x')
193 rc = find_strings("{standard input}", stdin, 0, 0);
194 else while (*argv != NULL) {
195 if (handle_file(*argv) != 0)
203 handle_file(const char *name)
210 pfile = fopen(name, "rb");
212 warnx("'%s': %s", name, strerror(errno));
216 rt = handle_elf(name, pfile);
222 * Files not understood by handle_elf, will be passed off here and will
223 * treated as a binary file. This would include text file, core dumps ...
226 handle_binary(const char *name, FILE *pfile, size_t size)
229 (void)fseeko(pfile, 0, SEEK_SET);
230 return (find_strings(name, pfile, 0, size));
234 * Will analyse a file to see if it ELF, other files including ar(1),
235 * core dumps are passed off and treated as flat binary files. Unlike
236 * GNU size in FreeBSD this routine will not treat ELF object from
237 * different archs as flat binary files(has to overridden using -a).
240 handle_elf(const char *name, FILE *pfile)
251 if (fstat(fd, &buf) < 0)
254 /* If entire file is chosen, treat it as a binary file */
256 return (handle_binary(name, pfile, buf.st_size));
258 (void)lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
259 elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
260 if (elf_kind(elf) != ELF_K_ELF) {
262 return (handle_binary(name, pfile, buf.st_size));
265 if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &elfhdr) == NULL) {
267 warnx("%s: ELF file could not be processed", name);
271 if (elfhdr.e_shnum == 0 && elfhdr.e_type == ET_CORE) {
273 return (handle_binary(name, pfile, buf.st_size));
276 while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
277 if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &shdr) == NULL)
279 if (shdr.sh_type != SHT_NOBITS &&
280 (shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) != 0) {
281 rc = find_strings(name, pfile, shdr.sh_offset,
291 * Retrieves a character from input stream based on the encoding
295 getcharacter(FILE *pfile, long *rt)
300 for(i = 0; i < encoding_size; i++) {
312 case ENCODING_16BIT_BIG:
313 *rt = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
315 case ENCODING_16BIT_LITTLE:
316 *rt = buf[0] | (buf[1] << 8);
318 case ENCODING_32BIT_BIG:
319 *rt = ((long) buf[0] << 24) | ((long) buf[1] << 16) |
320 ((long) buf[2] << 8) | buf[3];
322 case ENCODING_32BIT_LITTLE:
323 *rt = buf[0] | ((long) buf[1] << 8) | ((long) buf[2] << 16) |
324 ((long) buf[3] << 24);
334 * Input stream is read until the end of file is reached or until
335 * the section size is reached in case of ELF files. Contiguous
336 * characters of >= min_size(default 4) will be displayed.
339 find_strings(const char *name, FILE *pfile, off_t offset, off_t size)
341 off_t cur_off, start_off;
346 if ((obuf = (char*)calloc(1, min_len + 1)) == NULL) {
347 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory: %s\n",
352 (void)fseeko(pfile, offset, SEEK_SET);
356 if ((offset + size) && (cur_off >= offset + size))
359 memset(obuf, 0, min_len + 1);
360 for(i = 0; i < min_len; i++) {
361 if (getcharacter(pfile, &c) < 0)
366 cur_off += encoding_size;
368 if (encoding == ENCODING_8BIT &&
372 cur_off += encoding_size;
375 cur_off += encoding_size;
380 if (i >= min_len && ((cur_off <= offset + size) ||
383 printf("%s: ", name);
387 printf("%7ju ", (uintmax_t)start_off);
390 printf("%7jx ", (uintmax_t)start_off);
393 printf("%7jo ", (uintmax_t)start_off);
400 if ((offset + size) &&
401 (cur_off >= offset + size))
403 if (getcharacter(pfile, &c) < 0)
405 cur_off += encoding_size;
406 if (encoding == ENCODING_8BIT &&
423 #define USAGE_MESSAGE "\
424 Usage: %s [options] [file...]\n\
425 Print contiguous sequences of printable characters.\n\n\
427 -a | --all Scan the entire file for strings.\n\
428 -e ENC | --encoding=ENC Select the character encoding to use.\n\
429 -f | --print-file-name Print the file name before each string.\n\
430 -h | --help Print a help message and exit.\n\
431 -n N | --bytes=N | -N Print sequences with 'N' or more characters.\n\
432 -o Print offsets in octal.\n\
433 -t R | --radix=R Print offsets using the radix named by 'R'.\n\
434 -v | --version Print a version identifier and exit.\n"
440 fprintf(stderr, USAGE_MESSAGE, ELFTC_GETPROGNAME());
448 printf("%s (%s)\n", ELFTC_GETPROGNAME(), elftc_version());