2 * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
7 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
8 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
9 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
10 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
11 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
12 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
13 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
14 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
15 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
18 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
21 * This code contributed by Atanu Ghosh (atanu@cs.ucl.ac.uk),
22 * University College London, and subsequently modified by
23 * Guy Harris (guy@alum.mit.edu), Mark Pizzolato
24 * <List-tcpdump-workers@subscriptions.pizzolato.net>,
25 * and Mark C. Brown (mbrown@hp.com).
29 * Packet capture routine for DLPI under SunOS 5, HP-UX 9/10/11, and AIX.
33 * - The DLIOCRAW ioctl() is specific to SunOS.
35 * - There is a bug in bufmod(7) such that setting the snapshot
36 * length results in data being left of the front of the packet.
38 * - It might be desirable to use pfmod(7) to filter packets in the
39 * kernel when possible.
41 * - An older version of the HP-UX DLPI Programmer's Guide, which
42 * I think was advertised as the 10.20 version, used to be available
45 * http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90093/B2355-90093.html
47 * but is no longer available; it can still be found at
49 * http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/files/unprotected/Drivers/Docs/Refs/B2355-90093.pdf
53 * - The HP-UX 10.x, 11.0, and 11i v1.6 version of the HP-UX DLPI
54 * Programmer's Guide, which I think was once advertised as the
55 * 11.00 version is available at
57 * http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90139/index.html
59 * - The HP-UX 11i v2 version of the HP-UX DLPI Programmer's Guide
62 * http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90871/index.html
64 * - All of the HP documents describe raw-mode services, which are
65 * what we use if DL_HP_RAWDLS is defined. XXX - we use __hpux
66 * in some places to test for HP-UX, but use DL_HP_RAWDLS in
67 * other places; do we support any versions of HP-UX without
72 static const char rcsid[] _U_ =
73 "@(#) $Header: /tcpdump/master/libpcap/pcap-dlpi.c,v 1.108.2.6 2005/08/13 23:15:58 guy Exp $ (LBL)";
80 #include <sys/types.h>
82 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
83 #include <sys/bufmod.h>
86 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_DLPI_EXT_H
87 #include <sys/dlpi_ext.h>
90 #include <sys/socket.h>
95 #include <sys/stream.h>
96 #if defined(HAVE_SOLARIS) && defined(HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H)
97 #include <sys/systeminfo.h>
120 #define INT_MAX 2147483647
123 #include "pcap-int.h"
125 #ifdef HAVE_OS_PROTO_H
126 #include "os-proto.h"
129 #ifndef PCAP_DEV_PREFIX
131 #define PCAP_DEV_PREFIX "/dev/dlpi"
133 #define PCAP_DEV_PREFIX "/dev"
137 #define MAXDLBUF 8192
139 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
142 * Size of a bufmod chunk to pass upstream; that appears to be the biggest
143 * value to which you can set it, and setting it to that value (which
144 * is bigger than what appears to be the Solaris default of 8192)
145 * reduces the number of packet drops.
147 #define CHUNKSIZE 65536
150 * Size of the buffer to allocate for packet data we read; it must be
151 * large enough to hold a chunk.
153 #define PKTBUFSIZE CHUNKSIZE
155 #else /* HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H */
158 * Size of the buffer to allocate for packet data we read; this is
159 * what the value used to be - there's no particular reason why it
160 * should be tied to MAXDLBUF, but we'll leave it as this for now.
162 #define PKTBUFSIZE (MAXDLBUF * sizeof(bpf_u_int32))
167 static char *split_dname(char *, int *, char *);
168 static int dl_doattach(int, int, char *);
170 static int dl_dohpuxbind(int, char *);
172 static int dlattachreq(int, bpf_u_int32, char *);
173 static int dlbindreq(int, bpf_u_int32, char *);
174 static int dlbindack(int, char *, char *, int *);
175 static int dlpromisconreq(int, bpf_u_int32, char *);
176 static int dlokack(int, const char *, char *, char *);
177 static int dlinforeq(int, char *);
178 static int dlinfoack(int, char *, char *);
180 static int dlrawdatareq(int, const u_char *, int);
182 static int recv_ack(int, int, const char *, char *, char *, int *);
183 static char *dlstrerror(bpf_u_int32);
184 static char *dlprim(bpf_u_int32);
185 #if defined(HAVE_SOLARIS) && defined(HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H)
186 static char *get_release(bpf_u_int32 *, bpf_u_int32 *, bpf_u_int32 *);
188 static int send_request(int, char *, int, char *, char *);
189 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
190 static int strioctl(int, int, int, char *);
193 static int dlpi_kread(int, off_t, void *, u_int, char *);
196 static int get_dlpi_ppa(int, const char *, int, char *);
200 pcap_stats_dlpi(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_stat *ps)
204 * "ps_recv" counts packets handed to the filter, not packets
205 * that passed the filter. As filtering is done in userland,
206 * this would not include packets dropped because we ran out
207 * of buffer space; in order to make this more like other
208 * platforms (Linux 2.4 and later, BSDs with BPF), where the
209 * "packets received" count includes packets received but dropped
210 * due to running out of buffer space, and to keep from confusing
211 * applications that, for example, compute packet drop percentages,
212 * we also make it count packets dropped by "bufmod" (otherwise we
213 * might run the risk of the packet drop count being bigger than
214 * the received-packet count).
216 * "ps_drop" counts packets dropped by "bufmod" because of
217 * flow control requirements or resource exhaustion; it doesn't
218 * count packets dropped by the interface driver, or packets
219 * dropped upstream. As filtering is done in userland, it counts
220 * packets regardless of whether they would've passed the filter.
222 * These statistics don't include packets not yet read from
223 * the kernel by libpcap, but they may include packets not
224 * yet read from libpcap by the application.
229 * Add in the drop count, as per the above comment.
231 ps->ps_recv += ps->ps_drop;
235 /* XXX Needed by HP-UX (at least) */
236 static bpf_u_int32 ctlbuf[MAXDLBUF];
237 static struct strbuf ctl = {
244 pcap_read_dlpi(pcap_t *p, int cnt, pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
246 register int cc, n, caplen, origlen;
247 register u_char *bp, *ep, *pk;
248 register struct bpf_insn *fcode;
249 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
250 register struct sb_hdr *sbp;
257 struct pcap_pkthdr pkthdr;
262 data.buf = (char *)p->buffer + p->offset;
263 data.maxlen = p->bufsize;
267 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
271 * Yes - clear the flag that indicates
272 * that it has, and return -2 to
273 * indicate that we were told to
274 * break out of the loop.
280 * XXX - check for the DLPI primitive, which
281 * would be DL_HP_RAWDATA_IND on HP-UX
282 * if we're in raw mode?
284 if (getmsg(p->fd, &ctl, &data, &flags) < 0) {
285 /* Don't choke when we get ptraced */
295 strlcpy(p->errbuf, pcap_strerror(errno),
301 bp = p->buffer + p->offset;
305 /* Loop through packets */
306 fcode = p->fcode.bf_insns;
309 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
312 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
313 * If so, return immediately - if we haven't read any
314 * packets, clear the flag and return -2 to indicate
315 * that we were told to break out of the loop, otherwise
316 * leave the flag set, so that the *next* call will break
317 * out of the loop without having read any packets, and
318 * return the number of packets we've processed so far.
333 memcpy(sbp, bp, sizeof(*sbp));
336 sbp = (struct sb_hdr *)bp;
337 p->md.stat.ps_drop = sbp->sbh_drops;
338 pk = bp + sizeof(*sbp);
339 bp += sbp->sbh_totlen;
340 origlen = sbp->sbh_origlen;
341 caplen = sbp->sbh_msglen;
344 caplen = min(p->snapshot, cc);
348 ++p->md.stat.ps_recv;
349 if (bpf_filter(fcode, pk, origlen, caplen)) {
350 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
351 pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = sbp->sbh_timestamp.tv_sec;
352 pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = sbp->sbh_timestamp.tv_usec;
354 (void)gettimeofday(&pkthdr.ts, NULL);
356 pkthdr.len = origlen;
357 pkthdr.caplen = caplen;
358 /* Insure caplen does not exceed snapshot */
359 if (pkthdr.caplen > p->snapshot)
360 pkthdr.caplen = p->snapshot;
361 (*callback)(user, &pkthdr, pk);
362 if (++n >= cnt && cnt >= 0) {
368 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
376 pcap_inject_dlpi(pcap_t *p, const void *buf, size_t size)
380 #if defined(DLIOCRAW)
381 ret = write(p->fd, buf, size);
383 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "send: %s",
384 pcap_strerror(errno));
387 #elif defined(DL_HP_RAWDLS)
388 if (p->send_fd < 0) {
389 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
390 "send: Output FD couldn't be opened");
393 ret = dlrawdatareq(p->send_fd, buf, size);
395 snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "send: %s",
396 pcap_strerror(errno));
399 #else /* no raw mode */
401 * XXX - this is a pain, because you might have to extract
402 * the address from the packet and use it in a DL_UNITDATA_REQ
403 * request. That would be dependent on the link-layer type.
405 * I also don't know what SAP you'd have to bind the descriptor
406 * to, or whether you'd need separate "receive" and "send" FDs,
407 * nor do I know whether you'd need different bindings for
408 * D/I/X Ethernet and 802.3, or for {FDDI,Token Ring} plus
409 * 802.2 and {FDDI,Token Ring} plus 802.2 plus SNAP.
411 * So, for now, we just return a "you can't send" indication,
412 * and leave it up to somebody with a DLPI-based system lacking
413 * both DLIOCRAW and DL_HP_RAWDLS to supply code to implement
414 * packet transmission on that system. If they do, they should
415 * send it to us - but should not send us code that assumes
416 * Ethernet; if the code doesn't work on non-Ethernet interfaces,
417 * it should check "p->linktype" and reject the send request if
418 * it's anything other than DLT_EN10MB.
420 strlcpy(p->errbuf, "send: Not supported on this version of this OS",
423 #endif /* raw mode */
428 #define DL_IPATM 0x12 /* ATM Classical IP interface */
436 #define A_GET_UNITS (('A'<<8)|118)
437 #endif /* A_GET_UNITS */
438 #ifndef A_PROMISCON_REQ
439 #define A_PROMISCON_REQ (('A'<<8)|121)
440 #endif /* A_PROMISCON_REQ */
441 #endif /* HAVE_SOLARIS */
444 pcap_close_dlpi(pcap_t *p)
446 pcap_close_common(p);
452 pcap_open_live(const char *device, int snaplen, int promisc, int to_ms,
461 register dl_info_ack_t *infop;
462 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
463 bpf_u_int32 ss, chunksize;
465 register char *release;
466 bpf_u_int32 osmajor, osminor, osmicro;
469 bpf_u_int32 buf[MAXDLBUF];
471 #ifndef HAVE_DEV_DLPI
475 p = (pcap_t *)malloc(sizeof(*p));
477 strlcpy(ebuf, pcap_strerror(errno), PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE);
480 memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
481 p->fd = -1; /* indicate that it hasn't been opened yet */
486 ** Remove any "/dev/" on the front of the device.
488 cp = strrchr(device, '/');
490 strlcpy(dname, device, sizeof(dname));
492 strlcpy(dname, cp + 1, sizeof(dname));
495 * Split the device name into a device type name and a unit number;
496 * chop off the unit number, so "dname" is just a device type name.
498 cp = split_dname(dname, &ppa, ebuf);
504 * Use "/dev/dlpi" as the device.
506 * XXX - HP's DLPI Programmer's Guide for HP-UX 11.00 says that
507 * the "dl_mjr_num" field is for the "major number of interface
508 * driver"; that's the major of "/dev/dlpi" on the system on
509 * which I tried this, but there may be DLPI devices that
510 * use a different driver, in which case we may need to
511 * search "/dev" for the appropriate device with that major
512 * device number, rather than hardwiring "/dev/dlpi".
515 if ((p->fd = open(cp, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
516 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
517 "%s: %s", cp, pcap_strerror(errno));
523 * XXX - HP-UX 10.20 and 11.xx don't appear to support sending and
524 * receiving packets on the same descriptor - you need separate
525 * descriptors for sending and receiving, bound to different SAPs.
527 * If the open fails, we just leave -1 in "p->send_fd" and reject
528 * attempts to send packets, just as if, in pcap-bpf.c, we fail
529 * to open the BPF device for reading and writing, we just try
530 * to open it for reading only and, if that succeeds, just let
531 * the send attempts fail.
533 p->send_fd = open(cp, O_RDWR);
537 * Get a table of all PPAs for that device, and search that
538 * table for the specified device type name and unit number.
540 ppa = get_dlpi_ppa(p->fd, dname, ppa, ebuf);
545 * If the device name begins with "/", assume it begins with
546 * the pathname of the directory containing the device to open;
547 * otherwise, concatenate the device directory name and the
551 strlcpy(dname, device, sizeof(dname));
553 snprintf(dname, sizeof(dname), "%s/%s", PCAP_DEV_PREFIX,
557 * Get the unit number, and a pointer to the end of the device
560 cp = split_dname(dname, &ppa, ebuf);
565 * Make a copy of the device pathname, and then remove the unit
566 * number from the device pathname.
568 strlcpy(dname2, dname, sizeof(dname));
571 /* Try device without unit number */
572 if ((p->fd = open(dname, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
573 if (errno != ENOENT) {
574 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s: %s", dname,
575 pcap_strerror(errno));
579 /* Try again with unit number */
580 if ((p->fd = open(dname2, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
581 if (errno == ENOENT) {
583 * We just report "No DLPI device found"
584 * with the device name, so people don't
585 * get confused and think, for example,
586 * that if they can't capture on "lo0"
587 * on Solaris the fix is to change libpcap
588 * (or the application that uses it) to
589 * look for something other than "/dev/lo0",
590 * as the fix is to look for an operating
591 * system other than Solaris - you just
592 * *can't* capture on a loopback interface
593 * on Solaris, the lack of a DLPI device
594 * for the loopback interface is just a
595 * symptom of that inability.
597 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
598 "%s: No DLPI device found", device);
600 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s: %s",
601 dname2, pcap_strerror(errno));
605 /* XXX Assume unit zero */
610 p->snapshot = snaplen;
613 ** Attach if "style 2" provider
615 if (dlinforeq(p->fd, ebuf) < 0 ||
616 dlinfoack(p->fd, (char *)buf, ebuf) < 0)
618 infop = &((union DL_primitives *)buf)->info_ack;
620 if (infop->dl_mac_type == DL_IPATM)
623 if (infop->dl_provider_style == DL_STYLE2) {
624 if (dl_doattach(p->fd, ppa, ebuf) < 0)
627 if (p->send_fd >= 0) {
628 if (dl_doattach(p->send_fd, ppa, ebuf) < 0)
635 ** Bind (defer if using HP-UX 9 or HP-UX 10.20 or later, totally
636 ** skip if using SINIX)
638 #if !defined(HAVE_HPUX9) && !defined(HAVE_HPUX10_20_OR_LATER) && !defined(sinix)
642 ** According to IBM's AIX Support Line, the dl_sap value
643 ** should not be less than 0x600 (1536) for standard Ethernet.
644 ** However, we seem to get DL_BADADDR - "DLSAP addr in improper
645 ** format or invalid" - errors if we use 1537 on the "tr0"
646 ** device, which, given that its name starts with "tr" and that
647 ** it's IBM, probably means a Token Ring device. (Perhaps we
648 ** need to use 1537 on "/dev/dlpi/en" because that device is for
649 ** D/I/X Ethernet, the "SAP" is actually an Ethernet type, and
650 ** it rejects invalid Ethernet types.)
652 ** So if 1537 fails, we try 2, as Hyung Sik Yoon of IBM Korea
653 ** says that works on Token Ring (he says that 0 does *not*
654 ** work; perhaps that's considered an invalid LLC SAP value - I
655 ** assume the SAP value in a DLPI bind is an LLC SAP for network
656 ** types that use 802.2 LLC).
658 if ((dlbindreq(p->fd, 1537, ebuf) < 0 &&
659 dlbindreq(p->fd, 2, ebuf) < 0) ||
660 dlbindack(p->fd, (char *)buf, ebuf, NULL) < 0)
662 #elif defined(DL_HP_RAWDLS)
664 ** HP-UX 10.0x and 10.1x.
666 if (dl_dohpuxbind(p->fd, ebuf) < 0)
668 if (p->send_fd >= 0) {
670 ** XXX - if this fails, just close send_fd and
671 ** set it to -1, so that you can't send but can
674 if (dl_dohpuxbind(p->send_fd, ebuf) < 0)
677 #else /* neither AIX nor HP-UX */
679 ** Not Sinix, and neither AIX nor HP-UX - Solaris, and any other
682 if (dlbindreq(p->fd, 0, ebuf) < 0 ||
683 dlbindack(p->fd, (char *)buf, ebuf, NULL) < 0)
685 #endif /* AIX vs. HP-UX vs. other */
686 #endif /* !HP-UX 9 and !HP-UX 10.20 or later and !SINIX */
691 ** Have to turn on some special ATM promiscuous mode
693 ** Do *NOT* turn regular promiscuous mode on; it doesn't
694 ** help, and may break things.
696 if (strioctl(p->fd, A_PROMISCON_REQ, 0, NULL) < 0) {
697 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "A_PROMISCON_REQ: %s",
698 pcap_strerror(errno));
705 ** Enable promiscuous (not necessary on send FD)
707 if (dlpromisconreq(p->fd, DL_PROMISC_PHYS, ebuf) < 0 ||
708 dlokack(p->fd, "promisc_phys", (char *)buf, ebuf) < 0)
712 ** Try to enable multicast (you would have thought
713 ** promiscuous would be sufficient). (Skip if using
714 ** HP-UX or SINIX) (Not necessary on send FD)
716 #if !defined(__hpux) && !defined(sinix)
717 if (dlpromisconreq(p->fd, DL_PROMISC_MULTI, ebuf) < 0 ||
718 dlokack(p->fd, "promisc_multi", (char *)buf, ebuf) < 0)
720 "WARNING: DL_PROMISC_MULTI failed (%s)\n", ebuf);
724 ** Try to enable SAP promiscuity (when not in promiscuous mode
725 ** when using HP-UX, when not doing SunATM on Solaris, and never
726 ** under SINIX) (Not necessary on send FD)
736 (dlpromisconreq(p->fd, DL_PROMISC_SAP, ebuf) < 0 ||
737 dlokack(p->fd, "promisc_sap", (char *)buf, ebuf) < 0)) {
738 /* Not fatal if promisc since the DL_PROMISC_PHYS worked */
741 "WARNING: DL_PROMISC_SAP failed (%s)\n", ebuf);
748 ** HP-UX 9, and HP-UX 10.20 or later, must bind after setting
749 ** promiscuous options.
751 #if defined(HAVE_HPUX9) || defined(HAVE_HPUX10_20_OR_LATER)
752 if (dl_dohpuxbind(p->fd, ebuf) < 0)
755 ** We don't set promiscuous mode on the send FD, but we'll defer
756 ** binding it anyway, just to keep the HP-UX 9/10.20 or later
759 if (p->send_fd >= 0) {
761 ** XXX - if this fails, just close send_fd and
762 ** set it to -1, so that you can't send but can
765 if (dl_dohpuxbind(p->send_fd, ebuf) < 0)
771 ** Determine link type
772 ** XXX - get SAP length and address length as well, for use
773 ** when sending packets.
775 if (dlinforeq(p->fd, ebuf) < 0 ||
776 dlinfoack(p->fd, (char *)buf, ebuf) < 0)
779 infop = &((union DL_primitives *)buf)->info_ack;
780 switch (infop->dl_mac_type) {
784 p->linktype = DLT_EN10MB;
787 * This is (presumably) a real Ethernet capture; give it a
788 * link-layer-type list with DLT_EN10MB and DLT_DOCSIS, so
789 * that an application can let you choose it, in case you're
790 * capturing DOCSIS traffic that a Cisco Cable Modem
791 * Termination System is putting out onto an Ethernet (it
792 * doesn't put an Ethernet header onto the wire, it puts raw
793 * DOCSIS frames out on the wire inside the low-level
796 p->dlt_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * 2);
798 * If that fails, just leave the list empty.
800 if (p->dlt_list != NULL) {
801 p->dlt_list[0] = DLT_EN10MB;
802 p->dlt_list[1] = DLT_DOCSIS;
808 p->linktype = DLT_FDDI;
814 * XXX - what about DL_TPB? Is that Token Bus?
816 p->linktype = DLT_IEEE802;
822 p->linktype = DLT_SUNATM;
823 p->offset = 0; /* works for LANE and LLC encapsulation */
828 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "unknown mac type %lu",
829 (unsigned long)infop->dl_mac_type);
835 ** This is a non standard SunOS hack to get the full raw link-layer
838 if (strioctl(p->fd, DLIOCRAW, 0, NULL) < 0) {
839 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "DLIOCRAW: %s",
840 pcap_strerror(errno));
845 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
847 ** Another non standard call to get the data nicely buffered
849 if (ioctl(p->fd, I_PUSH, "bufmod") != 0) {
850 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "I_PUSH bufmod: %s",
851 pcap_strerror(errno));
856 ** Now that the bufmod is pushed lets configure it.
858 ** There is a bug in bufmod(7). When dealing with messages of
859 ** less than snaplen size it strips data from the beginning not
862 ** This bug is supposed to be fixed in 5.3.2. Also, there is a
863 ** patch available. Ask for bugid 1149065.
867 release = get_release(&osmajor, &osminor, &osmicro);
868 if (osmajor == 5 && (osminor <= 2 || (osminor == 3 && osmicro < 2)) &&
869 getenv("BUFMOD_FIXED") == NULL) {
871 "WARNING: bufmod is broken in SunOS %s; ignoring snaplen.\n",
877 strioctl(p->fd, SBIOCSSNAP, sizeof(ss), (char *)&ss) != 0) {
878 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "SBIOCSSNAP: %s",
879 pcap_strerror(errno));
884 ** Set up the bufmod timeout
889 to.tv_sec = to_ms / 1000;
890 to.tv_usec = (to_ms * 1000) % 1000000;
891 if (strioctl(p->fd, SBIOCSTIME, sizeof(to), (char *)&to) != 0) {
892 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "SBIOCSTIME: %s",
893 pcap_strerror(errno));
899 ** Set the chunk length.
901 chunksize = CHUNKSIZE;
902 if (strioctl(p->fd, SBIOCSCHUNK, sizeof(chunksize), (char *)&chunksize)
904 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "SBIOCSCHUNKP: %s",
905 pcap_strerror(errno));
911 ** As the last operation flush the read side.
913 if (ioctl(p->fd, I_FLUSH, FLUSHR) != 0) {
914 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "FLUSHR: %s",
915 pcap_strerror(errno));
919 /* Allocate data buffer */
920 p->bufsize = PKTBUFSIZE;
921 p->buffer = (u_char *)malloc(p->bufsize + p->offset);
922 if (p->buffer == NULL) {
923 strlcpy(ebuf, pcap_strerror(errno), PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE);
928 * "p->fd" is an FD for a STREAMS device, so "select()" and
929 * "poll()" should work on it.
931 p->selectable_fd = p->fd;
933 p->read_op = pcap_read_dlpi;
934 p->inject_op = pcap_inject_dlpi;
935 p->setfilter_op = install_bpf_program; /* no kernel filtering */
936 p->setdirection_op = NULL; /* Not implemented.*/
937 p->set_datalink_op = NULL; /* can't change data link type */
938 p->getnonblock_op = pcap_getnonblock_fd;
939 p->setnonblock_op = pcap_setnonblock_fd;
940 p->stats_op = pcap_stats_dlpi;
941 p->close_op = pcap_close_dlpi;
950 * Get rid of any link-layer type list we allocated.
952 if (p->dlt_list != NULL)
959 * Split a device name into a device type name and a unit number;
960 * return the a pointer to the beginning of the unit number, which
961 * is the end of the device type name, and set "*unitp" to the unit
964 * Returns NULL on error, and fills "ebuf" with an error message.
967 split_dname(char *device, int *unitp, char *ebuf)
974 * Look for a number at the end of the device name string.
976 cp = device + strlen(device) - 1;
977 if (*cp < '0' || *cp > '9') {
978 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s missing unit number",
983 /* Digits at end of string are unit number */
984 while (cp-1 >= device && *(cp-1) >= '0' && *(cp-1) <= '9')
988 unit = strtol(cp, &eos, 10);
990 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s bad unit number", device);
993 if (errno == ERANGE || unit > INT_MAX) {
994 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s unit number too large",
999 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s unit number is negative",
1008 dl_doattach(int fd, int ppa, char *ebuf)
1010 bpf_u_int32 buf[MAXDLBUF];
1012 if (dlattachreq(fd, ppa, ebuf) < 0 ||
1013 dlokack(fd, "attach", (char *)buf, ebuf) < 0)
1020 dl_dohpuxbind(int fd, char *ebuf)
1024 bpf_u_int32 buf[MAXDLBUF];
1027 * XXX - we start at 22 because we used to use only 22, but
1028 * that was just because that was the value used in some
1029 * sample code from HP. With what value *should* we start?
1030 * Does it matter, given that we're enabling SAP promiscuity
1035 if (dlbindreq(fd, hpsap, ebuf) < 0)
1037 if (dlbindack(fd, (char *)buf, ebuf, &uerror) >= 0)
1040 * For any error other than a UNIX EBUSY, give up.
1042 if (uerror != EBUSY) {
1044 * dlbindack() has already filled in ebuf for
1051 * For EBUSY, try the next SAP value; that means that
1052 * somebody else is using that SAP. Clear ebuf so
1053 * that application doesn't report the "Device busy"
1054 * error as a warning.
1060 "All SAPs from 22 through 100 are in use",
1070 pcap_platform_finddevs(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *errbuf)
1076 char pad[516]; /* XXX - must be at least 513; is 516
1083 * We may have to do special magic to get ATM devices.
1085 if ((fd = open("/dev/ba", O_RDWR)) < 0) {
1087 * We couldn't open the "ba" device.
1088 * For now, just give up; perhaps we should
1089 * return an error if the problem is neither
1090 * a "that device doesn't exist" error (ENOENT,
1091 * ENXIO, etc.) or a "you're not allowed to do
1092 * that" error (EPERM, EACCES).
1097 if (strioctl(fd, A_GET_UNITS, sizeof(buf), (char *)&buf) < 0) {
1098 snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "A_GET_UNITS: %s",
1099 pcap_strerror(errno));
1102 for (i = 0; i < buf.nunits; i++) {
1103 snprintf(baname, sizeof baname, "ba%u", i);
1104 if (pcap_add_if(alldevsp, baname, 0, NULL, errbuf) < 0)
1113 send_request(int fd, char *ptr, int len, char *what, char *ebuf)
1123 if (putmsg(fd, &ctl, (struct strbuf *) NULL, flags) < 0) {
1124 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1125 "send_request: putmsg \"%s\": %s",
1126 what, pcap_strerror(errno));
1133 recv_ack(int fd, int size, const char *what, char *bufp, char *ebuf, int *uerror)
1135 union DL_primitives *dlp;
1140 * Clear out "*uerror", so it's only set for DL_ERROR_ACK/DL_SYSERR,
1141 * making that the only place where EBUSY is treated specially.
1146 ctl.maxlen = MAXDLBUF;
1151 if (getmsg(fd, &ctl, (struct strbuf*)NULL, &flags) < 0) {
1152 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "recv_ack: %s getmsg: %s",
1153 what, pcap_strerror(errno));
1157 dlp = (union DL_primitives *) ctl.buf;
1158 switch (dlp->dl_primitive) {
1163 #ifdef DL_HP_PPA_ACK
1170 switch (dlp->error_ack.dl_errno) {
1174 *uerror = dlp->error_ack.dl_unix_errno;
1175 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1176 "recv_ack: %s: UNIX error - %s",
1177 what, pcap_strerror(dlp->error_ack.dl_unix_errno));
1181 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "recv_ack: %s: %s",
1182 what, dlstrerror(dlp->error_ack.dl_errno));
1188 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1189 "recv_ack: %s: Unexpected primitive ack %s",
1190 what, dlprim(dlp->dl_primitive));
1194 if (ctl.len < size) {
1195 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1196 "recv_ack: %s: Ack too small (%d < %d)",
1197 what, ctl.len, size);
1204 dlstrerror(bpf_u_int32 dl_errno)
1206 static char errstring[6+2+8+1];
1211 return ("Improper permissions for request");
1214 return ("DLSAP addr in improper format or invalid");
1217 return ("Seq number not from outstand DL_CONN_IND");
1220 return ("User data exceeded provider limit");
1223 #ifdef HAVE_DEV_DLPI
1225 * With a single "/dev/dlpi" device used for all
1226 * DLPI providers, PPAs have nothing to do with
1229 return ("Specified PPA was invalid");
1232 * We have separate devices for separate devices;
1233 * the PPA is just the unit number.
1235 return ("Specified PPA (device unit) was invalid");
1239 return ("Primitive received not known by provider");
1241 case DL_BADQOSPARAM:
1242 return ("QOS parameters contained invalid values");
1245 return ("QOS structure type is unknown/unsupported");
1248 return ("Bad LSAP selector");
1251 return ("Token used not an active stream");
1254 return ("Attempted second bind with dl_max_conind");
1257 return ("Physical link initialization failed");
1260 return ("Provider couldn't allocate alternate address");
1263 return ("Physical link not initialized");
1266 return ("Primitive issued in improper state");
1269 return ("UNIX system error occurred");
1271 case DL_UNSUPPORTED:
1272 return ("Requested service not supplied by provider");
1274 case DL_UNDELIVERABLE:
1275 return ("Previous data unit could not be delivered");
1277 case DL_NOTSUPPORTED:
1278 return ("Primitive is known but not supported");
1281 return ("Limit exceeded");
1284 return ("Promiscuous mode not enabled");
1287 return ("Other streams for PPA in post-attached");
1290 return ("Automatic handling XID&TEST not supported");
1293 return ("Automatic handling of XID not supported");
1296 return ("Automatic handling of TEST not supported");
1299 return ("Automatic handling of XID response");
1302 return ("Automatic handling of TEST response");
1305 return ("Pending outstanding connect indications");
1308 sprintf(errstring, "Error %02x", dl_errno);
1314 dlprim(bpf_u_int32 prim)
1316 static char primbuf[80];
1321 return ("DL_INFO_REQ");
1324 return ("DL_INFO_ACK");
1327 return ("DL_ATTACH_REQ");
1330 return ("DL_DETACH_REQ");
1333 return ("DL_BIND_REQ");
1336 return ("DL_BIND_ACK");
1339 return ("DL_UNBIND_REQ");
1342 return ("DL_OK_ACK");
1345 return ("DL_ERROR_ACK");
1347 case DL_SUBS_BIND_REQ:
1348 return ("DL_SUBS_BIND_REQ");
1350 case DL_SUBS_BIND_ACK:
1351 return ("DL_SUBS_BIND_ACK");
1353 case DL_UNITDATA_REQ:
1354 return ("DL_UNITDATA_REQ");
1356 case DL_UNITDATA_IND:
1357 return ("DL_UNITDATA_IND");
1359 case DL_UDERROR_IND:
1360 return ("DL_UDERROR_IND");
1363 return ("DL_UDQOS_REQ");
1365 case DL_CONNECT_REQ:
1366 return ("DL_CONNECT_REQ");
1368 case DL_CONNECT_IND:
1369 return ("DL_CONNECT_IND");
1371 case DL_CONNECT_RES:
1372 return ("DL_CONNECT_RES");
1374 case DL_CONNECT_CON:
1375 return ("DL_CONNECT_CON");
1378 return ("DL_TOKEN_REQ");
1381 return ("DL_TOKEN_ACK");
1383 case DL_DISCONNECT_REQ:
1384 return ("DL_DISCONNECT_REQ");
1386 case DL_DISCONNECT_IND:
1387 return ("DL_DISCONNECT_IND");
1390 return ("DL_RESET_REQ");
1393 return ("DL_RESET_IND");
1396 return ("DL_RESET_RES");
1399 return ("DL_RESET_CON");
1402 (void) sprintf(primbuf, "unknown primitive 0x%x", prim);
1408 dlattachreq(int fd, bpf_u_int32 ppa, char *ebuf)
1410 dl_attach_req_t req;
1412 req.dl_primitive = DL_ATTACH_REQ;
1415 return (send_request(fd, (char *)&req, sizeof(req), "attach", ebuf));
1419 dlbindreq(int fd, bpf_u_int32 sap, char *ebuf)
1424 memset((char *)&req, 0, sizeof(req));
1425 req.dl_primitive = DL_BIND_REQ;
1426 /* XXX - what if neither of these are defined? */
1427 #if defined(DL_HP_RAWDLS)
1428 req.dl_max_conind = 1; /* XXX magic number */
1429 req.dl_service_mode = DL_HP_RAWDLS;
1430 #elif defined(DL_CLDLS)
1431 req.dl_service_mode = DL_CLDLS;
1435 return (send_request(fd, (char *)&req, sizeof(req), "bind", ebuf));
1439 dlbindack(int fd, char *bufp, char *ebuf, int *uerror)
1442 return (recv_ack(fd, DL_BIND_ACK_SIZE, "bind", bufp, ebuf, uerror));
1446 dlpromisconreq(int fd, bpf_u_int32 level, char *ebuf)
1448 dl_promiscon_req_t req;
1450 req.dl_primitive = DL_PROMISCON_REQ;
1451 req.dl_level = level;
1453 return (send_request(fd, (char *)&req, sizeof(req), "promiscon", ebuf));
1457 dlokack(int fd, const char *what, char *bufp, char *ebuf)
1460 return (recv_ack(fd, DL_OK_ACK_SIZE, what, bufp, ebuf, NULL));
1465 dlinforeq(int fd, char *ebuf)
1469 req.dl_primitive = DL_INFO_REQ;
1471 return (send_request(fd, (char *)&req, sizeof(req), "info", ebuf));
1475 dlinfoack(int fd, char *bufp, char *ebuf)
1478 return (recv_ack(fd, DL_INFO_ACK_SIZE, "info", bufp, ebuf, NULL));
1483 * There's an ack *if* there's an error.
1486 dlrawdatareq(int fd, const u_char *datap, int datalen)
1488 struct strbuf ctl, data;
1489 long buf[MAXDLBUF]; /* XXX - char? */
1490 union DL_primitives *dlp;
1493 dlp = (union DL_primitives*) buf;
1495 dlp->dl_primitive = DL_HP_RAWDATA_REQ;
1496 dlen = DL_HP_RAWDATA_REQ_SIZE;
1499 * HP's documentation doesn't appear to show us supplying any
1500 * address pointed to by the control part of the message.
1501 * I think that's what raw mode means - you just send the raw
1502 * packet, you don't specify where to send it to, as that's
1503 * implied by the destination address.
1507 ctl.buf = (void *)buf;
1511 data.buf = (void *)datap;
1513 return (putmsg(fd, &ctl, &data, 0));
1515 #endif /* DL_HP_RAWDLS */
1517 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H
1519 strioctl(int fd, int cmd, int len, char *dp)
1521 struct strioctl str;
1528 rc = ioctl(fd, I_STR, &str);
1533 return (str.ic_len);
1537 #if defined(HAVE_SOLARIS) && defined(HAVE_SYS_BUFMOD_H)
1539 get_release(bpf_u_int32 *majorp, bpf_u_int32 *minorp, bpf_u_int32 *microp)
1542 static char buf[32];
1547 if (sysinfo(SI_RELEASE, buf, sizeof(buf)) < 0)
1550 if (!isdigit((unsigned char)*cp))
1552 *majorp = strtol(cp, &cp, 10);
1555 *minorp = strtol(cp, &cp, 10);
1558 *microp = strtol(cp, &cp, 10);
1563 #ifdef DL_HP_PPA_REQ
1565 * Under HP-UX 10 and HP-UX 11, we can ask for the ppa
1570 * Determine ppa number that specifies ifname.
1572 * If the "dl_hp_ppa_info_t" doesn't have a "dl_module_id_1" member,
1573 * the code that's used here is the old code for HP-UX 10.x.
1575 * However, HP-UX 10.20, at least, appears to have such a member
1576 * in its "dl_hp_ppa_info_t" structure, so the new code is used.
1577 * The new code didn't work on an old 10.20 system on which Rick
1578 * Jones of HP tried it, but with later patches installed, it
1579 * worked - it appears that the older system had those members but
1580 * didn't put anything in them, so, if the search by name fails, we
1581 * do the old search.
1583 * Rick suggests that making sure your system is "up on the latest
1584 * lancommon/DLPI/driver patches" is probably a good idea; it'd fix
1585 * that problem, as well as allowing libpcap to see packets sent
1586 * from the system on which the libpcap application is being run.
1587 * (On 10.20, in addition to getting the latest patches, you need
1588 * to turn the kernel "lanc_outbound_promisc_flag" flag on with ADB;
1589 * a posting to "comp.sys.hp.hpux" at
1591 * http://www.deja.com/[ST_rn=ps]/getdoc.xp?AN=558092266
1593 * says that, to see the machine's outgoing traffic, you'd need to
1594 * apply the right patches to your system, and also set that variable
1597 echo 'lanc_outbound_promisc_flag/W1' | /usr/bin/adb -w /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem
1599 * which could be put in, for example, "/sbin/init.d/lan".
1601 * Setting the variable is not necessary on HP-UX 11.x.
1604 get_dlpi_ppa(register int fd, register const char *device, register int unit,
1605 register char *ebuf)
1607 register dl_hp_ppa_ack_t *ap;
1608 register dl_hp_ppa_info_t *ipstart, *ip;
1611 register u_long majdev;
1612 struct stat statbuf;
1613 dl_hp_ppa_req_t req;
1616 dl_hp_ppa_ack_t *dlp;
1621 memset((char *)&req, 0, sizeof(req));
1622 req.dl_primitive = DL_HP_PPA_REQ;
1624 memset((char *)buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
1625 if (send_request(fd, (char *)&req, sizeof(req), "hpppa", ebuf) < 0)
1628 ctl.maxlen = DL_HP_PPA_ACK_SIZE;
1630 ctl.buf = (char *)buf;
1634 * DLPI may return a big chunk of data for a DL_HP_PPA_REQ. The normal
1635 * recv_ack will fail because it set the maxlen to MAXDLBUF (8192)
1636 * which is NOT big enough for a DL_HP_PPA_REQ.
1638 * This causes libpcap applications to fail on a system with HP-APA
1641 * To figure out how big the returned data is, we first call getmsg
1642 * to get the small head and peek at the head to get the actual data
1643 * length, and then issue another getmsg to get the actual PPA data.
1645 /* get the head first */
1646 if (getmsg(fd, &ctl, (struct strbuf *)NULL, &flags) < 0) {
1647 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1648 "get_dlpi_ppa: hpppa getmsg: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
1652 dlp = (dl_hp_ppa_ack_t *)ctl.buf;
1653 if (dlp->dl_primitive != DL_HP_PPA_ACK) {
1654 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1655 "get_dlpi_ppa: hpppa unexpected primitive ack 0x%x",
1656 (bpf_u_int32)dlp->dl_primitive);
1660 if (ctl.len < DL_HP_PPA_ACK_SIZE) {
1661 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1662 "get_dlpi_ppa: hpppa ack too small (%d < %lu)",
1663 ctl.len, (unsigned long)DL_HP_PPA_ACK_SIZE);
1667 /* allocate buffer */
1668 if ((ppa_data_buf = (char *)malloc(dlp->dl_length)) == NULL) {
1669 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1670 "get_dlpi_ppa: hpppa malloc: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
1673 ctl.maxlen = dlp->dl_length;
1675 ctl.buf = (char *)ppa_data_buf;
1677 if (getmsg(fd, &ctl, (struct strbuf *)NULL, &flags) < 0) {
1678 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1679 "get_dlpi_ppa: hpppa getmsg: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
1683 if (ctl.len < dlp->dl_length) {
1684 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1685 "get_dlpi_ppa: hpppa ack too small (%d < %d)",
1686 ctl.len, dlp->dl_length);
1691 ap = (dl_hp_ppa_ack_t *)buf;
1692 ipstart = (dl_hp_ppa_info_t *)ppa_data_buf;
1695 #ifdef HAVE_HP_PPA_INFO_T_DL_MODULE_ID_1
1697 * The "dl_hp_ppa_info_t" structure has a "dl_module_id_1"
1698 * member that should, in theory, contain the part of the
1699 * name for the device that comes before the unit number,
1700 * and should also have a "dl_module_id_2" member that may
1701 * contain an alternate name (e.g., I think Ethernet devices
1702 * have both "lan", for "lanN", and "snap", for "snapN", with
1703 * the former being for Ethernet packets and the latter being
1704 * for 802.3/802.2 packets).
1706 * Search for the device that has the specified name and
1709 for (i = 0; i < ap->dl_count; i++) {
1710 if ((strcmp((const char *)ip->dl_module_id_1, device) == 0 ||
1711 strcmp((const char *)ip->dl_module_id_2, device) == 0) &&
1712 ip->dl_instance_num == unit)
1715 ip = (dl_hp_ppa_info_t *)((u_char *)ipstart + ip->dl_next_offset);
1719 * We don't have that member, so the search is impossible; make it
1720 * look as if the search failed.
1725 if (i == ap->dl_count) {
1727 * Well, we didn't, or can't, find the device by name.
1729 * HP-UX 10.20, whilst it has "dl_module_id_1" and
1730 * "dl_module_id_2" fields in the "dl_hp_ppa_info_t",
1731 * doesn't seem to fill them in unless the system is
1732 * at a reasonably up-to-date patch level.
1734 * Older HP-UX 10.x systems might not have those fields
1737 * Therefore, we'll search for the entry with the major
1738 * device number of a device with the name "/dev/<dev><unit>",
1739 * if such a device exists, as the old code did.
1741 snprintf(dname, sizeof(dname), "/dev/%s%d", device, unit);
1742 if (stat(dname, &statbuf) < 0) {
1743 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "stat: %s: %s",
1744 dname, pcap_strerror(errno));
1747 majdev = major(statbuf.st_rdev);
1751 for (i = 0; i < ap->dl_count; i++) {
1752 if (ip->dl_mjr_num == majdev &&
1753 ip->dl_instance_num == unit)
1756 ip = (dl_hp_ppa_info_t *)((u_char *)ipstart + ip->dl_next_offset);
1759 if (i == ap->dl_count) {
1760 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1761 "can't find /dev/dlpi PPA for %s%d", device, unit);
1764 if (ip->dl_hdw_state == HDW_DEAD) {
1765 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1766 "%s%d: hardware state: DOWN\n", device, unit);
1778 * Under HP-UX 9, there is no good way to determine the ppa.
1779 * So punt and read it from /dev/kmem.
1781 static struct nlist nl[] = {
1787 static char path_vmunix[] = "/hp-ux";
1789 /* Determine ppa number that specifies ifname */
1791 get_dlpi_ppa(register int fd, register const char *ifname, register int unit,
1792 register char *ebuf)
1794 register const char *cp;
1798 char if_name[sizeof(ifnet.if_name) + 1];
1800 cp = strrchr(ifname, '/');
1803 if (nlist(path_vmunix, &nl) < 0) {
1804 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "nlist %s failed",
1808 if (nl[NL_IFNET].n_value == 0) {
1809 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1810 "could't find %s kernel symbol",
1811 nl[NL_IFNET].n_name);
1814 kd = open("/dev/kmem", O_RDONLY);
1816 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "kmem open: %s",
1817 pcap_strerror(errno));
1820 if (dlpi_kread(kd, nl[NL_IFNET].n_value,
1821 &addr, sizeof(addr), ebuf) < 0) {
1825 for (; addr != NULL; addr = ifnet.if_next) {
1826 if (dlpi_kread(kd, (off_t)addr,
1827 &ifnet, sizeof(ifnet), ebuf) < 0 ||
1828 dlpi_kread(kd, (off_t)ifnet.if_name,
1829 if_name, sizeof(ifnet.if_name), ebuf) < 0) {
1833 if_name[sizeof(ifnet.if_name)] = '\0';
1834 if (strcmp(if_name, ifname) == 0 && ifnet.if_unit == unit)
1835 return (ifnet.if_index);
1838 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't find %s", ifname);
1843 dlpi_kread(register int fd, register off_t addr,
1844 register void *buf, register u_int len, register char *ebuf)
1848 if (lseek(fd, addr, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1849 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "lseek: %s",
1850 pcap_strerror(errno));
1853 cc = read(fd, buf, len);
1855 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "read: %s",
1856 pcap_strerror(errno));
1858 } else if (cc != len) {
1859 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "short read (%d != %d)", cc,