1 # Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
3 # This file is in the public domain.
5 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
6 # better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
8 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
10 # When proposing changes to this file, please use 'git format-patch'
11 # format, either by attaching the resulting .patch file to your email,
12 # or by using 'git send-email'. This will help maintainers save time.
15 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
17 # This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
18 # in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
19 # Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
20 # the file 'backward'.
22 # Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
23 # pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
24 # sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
25 # most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
26 # database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of
27 # the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
28 # replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
29 # differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps.
31 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
32 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
33 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
34 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
36 # This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
37 # assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use
38 # 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
41 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
42 # The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime.
43 # Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome.
45 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
46 # ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be
47 # incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones
48 # were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do
49 # not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that
50 # have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet,
51 # they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950
52 # depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the
53 # communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of
54 # Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition,
55 # http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from
56 # Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China
57 # should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it
58 # continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under
59 # their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry
60 # should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at
61 # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82
62 # , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data
63 # currently listed in the tz database according to official
64 # announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in
65 # 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time
66 # being cited on the webpage.
69 # Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the
70 # name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
71 # commentary and rules associated with the entry.
72 # If the zone overrides links in the main data, it
73 # is followed by the corresponding Link lines.
74 # If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with
75 # PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line
76 # that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab".
78 # As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
79 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
80 # and the rule columns are:
81 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
86 # From P Chan (2020-11-20):
87 # Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02]
88 # Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71
89 # https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70
90 # This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the
91 # Interpretation Ordinance, 1876.
93 # Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24]
94 # Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76
95 # https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75
96 # This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST.
98 # Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214)
99 # The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate)
100 # Vol. II (1937), p 2328
101 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328
102 # Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance.
104 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06]
105 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
106 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22
107 # https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22
108 # This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May.
110 # Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942
111 # (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08]
112 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
113 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48
114 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48
115 # These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes.
117 # Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations,
118 # 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25]
119 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
120 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87
121 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87
122 # These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30.
124 # Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of
125 # 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06]
126 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
127 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256
128 # https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256
129 # These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations.
131 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06]
132 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
133 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69
134 # https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69
135 # This Ordinance abolished DST.
137 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22]
138 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
139 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35
140 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35
141 # This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset.
143 # Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264)
144 # The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380
145 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380
146 # Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance.
148 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29]
149 # Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the
151 # https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83
152 # This Ordinance abolished DST.
154 Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020
155 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
156 Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
157 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
158 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030
159 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
161 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2
162 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8
163 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6
167 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
168 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
169 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
170 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
172 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
173 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
174 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
175 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
177 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
178 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
182 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
183 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
184 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
186 Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
189 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
190 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
191 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20
193 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
195 # Central African Republic
196 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
200 # From P Chan (2020-12-09):
201 # Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was
202 # adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946.
204 # Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29]
205 # Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31]
206 # Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX,
207 # No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2
208 # Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15]
209 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
210 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time
211 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00
215 # From P Chan (2020-12-09):
216 # In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In
217 # 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01,
220 # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911)
222 # Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol.
223 # XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122
224 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of
226 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24
227 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time
228 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1
231 # Republic of the Congo
232 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
236 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
240 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
241 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
246 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
251 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
257 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
261 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
262 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
265 # From P Chan (2020-12-09):
266 # Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was
267 # introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by
268 # Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946.
270 # Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette,
271 # Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347
272 # Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01]
273 # Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24]
274 # Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05
275 # Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27
276 # Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of
278 # Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07]
280 # From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25):
281 # For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the
282 # Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time
283 # Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout
284 # that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the
285 # Legislation in force on the 31st day of December,
286 # 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49
287 # 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50
288 # 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55
289 # 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37
290 # 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41
291 # 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44
292 # 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47
294 # Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this
295 # period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used:
296 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html
299 Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040
300 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01
301 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040
302 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01
304 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
305 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT
306 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5
307 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00
311 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
312 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
313 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
314 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
316 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
317 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
321 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
325 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
332 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
335 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
336 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
340 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
344 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
349 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
350 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
351 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
352 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
354 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
355 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT?
358 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
360 # From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28):
361 # My main source for its time zone history is
362 # Henri le Corre, Régimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique.
363 # Shanks follows le Corre. As does Françoise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book
364 # Problèmes de l'heure résolus pour le monde entier.
366 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
367 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25
371 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
376 # Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
377 # a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
378 # says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries
379 # are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
381 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
382 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
386 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
387 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
388 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
391 # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
392 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
396 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
402 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
403 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26
408 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
409 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
410 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28
414 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
418 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
419 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
420 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
421 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
425 Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
429 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
432 # Antigua and Barbuda
433 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
438 # The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
439 Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
440 -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
442 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
443 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
444 -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
445 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
446 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
447 -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
448 -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
452 Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
458 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
459 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
460 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
461 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
462 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
463 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
464 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
465 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
466 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
468 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
469 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
470 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
471 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
472 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
474 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
475 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
476 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
478 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
479 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
480 # the other half on eastern time.
482 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
484 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
485 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
486 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
488 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
489 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
491 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
492 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
493 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
494 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
495 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
497 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
498 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
499 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
500 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
501 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
502 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
503 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
504 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
506 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
507 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
508 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
509 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
511 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
513 # Quebec east of Natashquan
515 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
516 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
517 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
518 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
519 # says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe
520 # AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and
521 # residents east of Natashquan use AST.
522 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
523 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
524 # https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
525 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
526 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
527 # This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
528 # CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
529 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
530 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
532 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
533 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
537 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
538 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
543 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
544 # America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers:
545 # "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse
546 # clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving'
547 # time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock."
548 # -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5)
549 # https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794
552 Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884
553 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946
556 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
557 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
558 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
559 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
560 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
561 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
563 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
564 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
565 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
566 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
567 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
568 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
569 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
571 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
572 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
573 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
574 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
575 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
576 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
577 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
579 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
580 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
582 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
583 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
584 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
585 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
587 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
588 # Creston did not change its clocks.
590 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
591 # Creston did not oblige.
593 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
595 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
596 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
598 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
599 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
600 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
601 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
602 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
603 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
605 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
607 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
608 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
609 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
613 # Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
615 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
616 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
617 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
618 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
619 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
620 # Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
621 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
623 # By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
624 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
625 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
626 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
627 # though, as far as we know.
629 Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
632 Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk
633 Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes
636 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
640 # See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
641 Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32
642 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
643 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
645 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
650 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
654 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
660 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
661 # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
662 # America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database
663 # mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
664 # differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
665 # were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
666 # Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
667 # pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
669 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
670 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
671 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
672 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
673 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
674 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
675 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
676 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
677 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
678 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
679 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
680 Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
681 Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
682 Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
683 Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
684 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
685 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
686 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
687 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
688 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
689 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
691 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
692 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
693 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
698 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
699 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
700 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
701 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
706 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
708 # From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02):
709 # There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01
710 # midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight.
711 # "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context.
713 # War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29]
714 # Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43
715 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34
716 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43
718 # War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29]
719 # Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29
720 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9
721 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28
723 # War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order
724 # 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year
725 # 1945. p 160, 247-248
726 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160
727 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247
729 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
730 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
731 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
732 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
734 Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W
735 Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S
736 Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W
737 Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
738 Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S
739 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
740 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
742 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
743 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
747 # From Chris Walton (2022-10-15):
748 # I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted
749 # into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data.
750 # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15):
751 # These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay.
752 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
753 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
754 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
757 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
758 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
759 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
761 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
763 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
764 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
766 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
768 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
770 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
771 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
772 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
773 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
774 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
775 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
776 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
777 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
778 # the current state of affairs.
780 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
781 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
782 # http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
783 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
784 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
785 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
786 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
788 # From Chris Walton (2022-11-06):
789 # The implication is that Pangnirtung and Qikiqtarjuaq have observed Eastern
790 # Time as far back as 1984 (and likely even further back than that).
791 # It is possible that these communities never actually observed Atlantic
792 # Time, but that would be difficult to prove.
793 # From Paul Eggert (2022-11-06):
794 # This is in 'backzone' as we have no good evidence that Pangnirtung differs
795 # from America/Iqaluit since 1970. A Google Books snippet view of
796 # volume 2, page 186 of "Pilot of Arctic Canada", published 1959 by
797 # the Canadian Hydrographic Service, suggests (though does not state)
798 # that Pangnirtung observed EST then.
801 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
802 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
803 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
808 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
809 # America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks
810 # in 1946/7. See the following notes.
812 # From Steve Allen (2018-01-19):
813 # The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter
814 # months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm
815 # Springs forward by an hour in the winter.
816 # https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/
817 # Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946
818 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101
819 # has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21.
820 # Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946
821 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105
822 # reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5.
823 # Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947
824 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12
825 # front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war".
826 # Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947
827 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110
828 # front page reports on end.
830 # Trinidad and Tobago
831 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
833 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
834 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
837 # From Chris Walton (2022-10-15):
838 # I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted
839 # into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data.
840 # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15):
841 # These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay.
842 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
843 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
844 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
848 # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
849 # more detailed zones.
850 # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
851 # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
852 Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
853 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
855 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
856 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul
857 -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00
858 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00
862 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
866 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
867 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
871 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
873 Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
875 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
876 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
877 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
882 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
883 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
884 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
885 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
886 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
888 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
889 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
890 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
891 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
892 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
893 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
894 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
895 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
896 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
897 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
898 # months for the remainder of the war years.
900 # From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06):
901 # According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge,
902 # covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins.
903 # The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after,
904 # like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in
905 # America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the
906 # zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova
909 # From Chris Walton (2022-10-15):
910 # The TZ database currently shows that Thunder Bay has observed daylight
911 # saving every year from 1970 onwards with the exception of 1973.
912 # Back in July I raised some doubts on this mailing list about the 1973 data.
913 # I now have more proof that it is wrong.
914 # [attached Chronicle-Journal front pages, 1973-04-28 and 1973-10-27]
916 # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15):
917 # This is now a link in the primary data. The following entry is
918 # from Shanks & Pottenger, with corrections as noted above.
920 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
923 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
924 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
928 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
931 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
932 # <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
934 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
935 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
937 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
938 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
942 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
943 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956
945 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
949 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
950 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
952 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
953 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
954 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
956 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
957 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
958 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
963 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
964 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
965 # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
966 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
967 # time as Moscow, Russia.
969 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
970 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
971 # what they had to say about time there:
972 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
973 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
974 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
975 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
976 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
978 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
979 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
980 # in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
981 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
982 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
983 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
984 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
985 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
987 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
991 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
992 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
993 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
998 # From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23):
999 # Most of this data comes from:
1000 # Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story
1001 # behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22.
1002 # https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589
1003 # Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and
1004 # others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in
1005 # Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at
1006 # +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's
1007 # end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01.
1009 # Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation:
1010 # "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India
1011 # Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library
1012 # https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b
1013 # It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20.
1014 # +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions
1015 # and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and
1016 # Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc)
1017 # adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb
1018 # of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly
1019 # of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived
1020 # but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus
1021 # was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to
1022 # have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions.
1023 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
1024 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1
1029 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
1035 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
1036 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
1037 # civil time was 5:20:57.3.
1039 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
1040 # In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
1041 # zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
1042 # used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E). Also,
1043 # in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See:
1044 # http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
1045 #Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete]
1048 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
1049 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
1050 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
1051 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
1052 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
1053 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
1056 Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
1059 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
1060 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
1061 # Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
1062 # October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
1063 Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1064 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
1065 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
1066 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
1067 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
1068 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
1073 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
1074 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
1075 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
1076 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar
1079 8:30 - +0830 1980 May
1083 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
1088 # peninsular Malaysia
1089 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1090 # https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
1091 # This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
1092 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1093 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1094 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
1095 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
1096 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
1097 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
1098 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
1099 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u
1103 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1108 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
1109 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
1113 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
1114 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
1115 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1116 # Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
1117 #Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete]
1121 # From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk,
1122 # via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08):
1124 # King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with
1125 # what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia,
1126 # like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan
1127 # surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and
1128 # adopted Hanoi time zone again.
1130 # However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a
1131 # status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle.
1132 # Although many fields remained under the administration of the French
1133 # (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian
1134 # administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional
1135 # celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT
1136 # + 7 and _no_ DST was applied.
1138 # After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953,
1139 # GMT + 7 was maintained.
1141 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
1142 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data.
1144 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1145 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
1146 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
1147 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
1148 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
1152 Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
1157 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
1158 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
1159 # Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
1160 # Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
1161 # this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
1162 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1163 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
1164 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
1165 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
1166 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
1167 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
1168 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15
1173 Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01
1177 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1178 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1181 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1184 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1185 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1186 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
1187 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1189 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1190 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1191 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1192 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1195 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1196 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1197 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1198 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1199 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1200 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1201 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1202 # might mean something else (???).
1204 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
1205 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
1206 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
1208 Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
1209 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1210 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1211 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
1212 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1213 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
1214 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1215 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
1216 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1217 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
1218 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1219 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
1220 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1221 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1222 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
1223 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1224 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1225 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1226 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1228 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1229 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1231 Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
1234 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
1235 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
1239 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
1240 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24
1241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15
1247 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1248 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1250 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1251 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1252 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1253 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1254 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1255 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1256 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1257 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1258 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1261 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1262 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1263 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1266 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1267 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1268 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1269 # actually followed.
1271 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1272 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1273 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1274 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1275 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1277 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1278 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1279 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1280 # Amsterdam mean time.
1282 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1283 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1285 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
1286 # I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
1287 # Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
1289 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1290 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1291 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1292 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1293 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1294 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1295 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1296 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1297 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1298 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1299 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1300 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1301 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1302 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1303 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1304 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1305 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1306 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1307 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1308 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1309 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1310 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1312 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1313 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1314 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
1315 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1316 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1321 Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1322 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
1323 # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
1324 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
1325 # IST = Irish Summer Time
1326 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1327 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1328 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1334 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
1335 # the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
1336 # The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
1337 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
1339 # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
1340 # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
1342 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
1343 # in subsequent decrees with the law
1344 # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
1346 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
1347 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
1348 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
1349 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
1350 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
1351 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
1352 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
1353 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
1354 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
1355 # was suspended on that night):
1356 # https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
1358 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
1359 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
1360 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
1362 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
1363 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
1364 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
1366 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1367 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1368 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1369 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1370 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1371 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
1372 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
1373 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1374 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1375 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1376 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1378 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1379 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1380 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1381 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1382 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1386 # Data from Joseph S. Myers
1387 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
1388 # References to be added
1389 # LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W.
1390 Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18
1391 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
1392 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
1393 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1394 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1395 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1400 # From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
1401 # The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
1402 # <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory
1403 # Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
1404 # the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
1405 # Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
1406 # of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a
1407 # couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of
1408 # documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
1409 # was also implemented on the island.
1411 # AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
1412 # LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
1413 Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s
1414 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1415 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1416 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1420 # Data from Joseph S. Myers
1421 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
1422 # References to be added
1423 # LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W.
1424 Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u
1425 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
1426 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
1427 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1428 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1429 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1433 Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
1434 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1435 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1436 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1437 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1443 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1444 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1445 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1446 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1447 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1448 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1449 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1450 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1451 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1452 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1453 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1454 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1455 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1456 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1457 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1458 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1459 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1460 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1461 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1462 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1463 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1464 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1465 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1466 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1467 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1469 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1470 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1471 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1472 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1473 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1474 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1479 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
1480 # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
1481 # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
1483 # [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
1484 # legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
1485 # 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
1486 # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
1487 # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
1488 # we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
1489 # [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
1490 # of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
1491 # time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
1493 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
1494 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
1495 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1496 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1502 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1504 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1505 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1506 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1507 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1508 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1509 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1510 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1512 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1513 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1514 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1515 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1517 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1518 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
1520 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1521 Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
1522 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1523 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1524 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1525 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1529 Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1530 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1531 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1532 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1533 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1539 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
1541 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
1542 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
1543 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
1544 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
1545 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
1547 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
1548 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
1549 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
1551 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
1552 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
1553 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
1554 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
1555 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
1556 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
1557 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
1558 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
1560 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
1561 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
1562 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
1563 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
1565 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
1566 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
1567 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
1568 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
1569 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
1574 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
1575 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
1576 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
1577 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
1578 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
1579 # hour before the event took place.
1581 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
1583 # An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
1584 # normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
1586 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
1587 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
1588 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
1589 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
1594 # Moldova / Transnistria
1595 Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1596 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1597 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1598 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1599 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1600 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1601 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1602 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1607 # Although Shanks & Pottenger say Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991,
1608 # this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous government resolutions
1609 # (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file)
1610 # so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'.
1611 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling, but
1612 # "Uzhgorod" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was
1613 # added to TZDB in 1999.
1614 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1616 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1617 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1618 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
1619 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1620 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1621 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
1622 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20
1623 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13
1628 # From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21):
1629 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894.
1631 # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
1632 # I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
1633 # I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
1634 # the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
1636 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1637 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1641 Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1642 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1643 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1644 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1645 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1650 # Although Shanks & Pottenger say Zaporizhzhia and eastern Lugansk
1651 # observed DST 1990/1991, this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous
1652 # government resolutions (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file)
1653 # so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'.
1654 # "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
1655 # "Zaporozhye" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was
1656 # added to TZDB in 1999.
1657 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
1658 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
1659 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1660 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1661 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
1662 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1663 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1992 Mar 20
1664 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13
1668 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
1669 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
1670 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
1674 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
1677 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
1678 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
1679 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
1680 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
1684 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1688 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
1693 # From P Chan (2020-11-27):
1694 # Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
1696 # Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
1697 # The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
1698 # https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
1700 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
1701 # A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
1702 # confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
1705 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
1707 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1708 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1709 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1710 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1711 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1712 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1716 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
1720 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1723 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1724 # The following information about them is taken from
1725 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1726 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1727 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1729 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1730 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1731 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1732 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1733 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1736 # Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
1738 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1739 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1740 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1741 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1742 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1743 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1744 Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1746 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
1747 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
1748 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
1751 Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
1752 Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
1754 # Phoenix Islands, Kiribati
1755 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27):
1756 # Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09
1757 # for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen).
1758 # The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for
1759 # the currently-inhabited representative for this timezone.
1760 Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860
1761 -11:24:20 - LMT 1885
1763 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9
1767 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
1771 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
1774 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
1775 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
1776 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
1778 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
1779 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
1780 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
1785 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
1786 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
1787 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
1788 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
1789 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
1790 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
1791 # designations that I've never seen before:....
1792 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
1793 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
1795 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
1796 -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3
1797 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2
1798 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
1801 # Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
1802 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
1804 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
1805 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
1807 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
1810 Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
1814 # From Paul Eggert (2022-08-16):
1815 # Although Shanks & Pottenger say Saipan used +09 and then switched
1816 # to Guam time in October 1969, this is surely wrong.
1817 # Saipan used Guam time in the late 1950s; see page 4 of the minutes on the
1818 # conference of the 12th Saipan Legislature and the Select Committee on
1819 # Saipan Mission, 5th Guam Legislature (1959-09-11):
1820 # http://www.nmhcouncil.org/nmhc_archives/U.S.%20Navy%20Civil%20Affairs%20Files%201944-1962/1959/1959%2009%2017%20letter,%20minutes%20of%20conference,%20Borja.pdf
1821 # For now, assume Saipan switched to Guam time after the Battle of Saipan.
1823 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1825 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 9
1826 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23
1827 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
1832 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1833 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1835 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1836 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1837 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1838 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1839 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1842 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1844 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1845 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1847 # Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
1848 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
1853 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
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