1 # tzdb data for North and Central America and environs
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
8 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
9 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
10 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
11 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
13 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
14 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
15 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
17 ###############################################################################
21 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
22 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
23 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
24 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
25 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
26 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
27 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
28 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
30 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
31 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
32 # lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones
33 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
34 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
35 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen
36 # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
37 # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
38 # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
39 # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
40 # railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
41 # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18. That Sunday
42 # was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon
43 # twice. Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing:
45 # I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four
46 # minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
47 # Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
48 # of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
49 # abandoned, probably forever.
51 # Most of the US soon followed suit. See:
52 # Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
53 # https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
55 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
56 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
57 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
59 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
60 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
61 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
62 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
63 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
64 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
66 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
67 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
68 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
69 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
70 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
72 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
73 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
74 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
75 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
76 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
77 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
78 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
79 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
80 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
81 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
83 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
84 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
86 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
87 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
88 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
89 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
91 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
92 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
93 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
94 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
96 # From Arthur David Olson:
97 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
98 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
99 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
101 # From Arthur David Olson:
102 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
103 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
105 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
106 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
107 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
108 # An AltaVista search turned up:
109 # https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
110 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
111 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
112 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
114 # From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23):
115 # This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter.
117 # From Joseph Gallant citing
118 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
119 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
120 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
121 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
122 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
123 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
124 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
125 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
127 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
128 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
130 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
131 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
132 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
133 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
134 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
137 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
138 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
139 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
140 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
142 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
144 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
145 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
146 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
147 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
148 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
150 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
151 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
152 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
153 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
154 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
155 Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
156 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
157 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
158 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
159 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
160 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
161 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
162 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
163 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
165 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
166 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
167 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
168 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
169 # this time zone package.
170 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
171 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
172 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
173 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
174 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
179 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
180 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
181 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
182 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
183 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
185 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
186 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
187 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
188 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
189 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
190 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
191 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
192 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
193 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
194 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
195 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
196 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
197 # USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
198 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
199 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
201 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
202 # The above dates are for 1988.
203 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
204 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
207 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
208 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
209 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
210 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
211 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
213 # United States standard eastern time
214 # United States standard mountain time
215 # United States standard central time
216 # United States standard Pacific time
218 # United States standard Alaska time
220 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
221 # public law 98-181):
222 # Atlantic standard time
223 # eastern standard time
224 # central standard time
225 # mountain standard time
226 # Pacific standard time
227 # Yukon standard time
228 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
229 # Bering standard time
230 # And after 1983-11-30:
231 # Atlantic standard time
232 # eastern standard time
233 # central standard time
234 # mountain standard time
235 # Pacific standard time
236 # Alaska standard time
237 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
238 # Samoa standard time
239 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
241 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
242 # Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
243 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
244 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
245 # Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
246 # Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
247 # and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
248 # as codified in 1966. In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
249 # before 1968. Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
250 # 1918 names 1967 names
251 # -08 Standard Pacific Time (PST) Pacific standard time (PST)
252 # -09 (unofficial) Yukon (YST) Yukon standard time (YST)
253 # -10 Standard Alaska Time (AST) Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
254 # -11 (unofficial) Nome (NST) Bering standard time (BST)
256 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
257 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
258 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia".
260 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
261 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
262 # standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
263 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
264 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
266 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
267 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
269 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
270 # (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
271 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
272 # (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
273 # Sunday of March"; and
274 # (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
275 # Sunday of November'.
276 # (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
277 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
278 # (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
279 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
280 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
282 # (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
283 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
284 # Department study is complete.
286 # US eastern time, represented by New York
288 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
289 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
290 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
291 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
292 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
293 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
295 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
296 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
297 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
298 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
299 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
300 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
302 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
303 # According to today's Huntsville Times
304 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
305 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
306 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
307 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
308 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
309 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
312 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
313 # Four cities are involved. The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
314 # and Valley. Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
315 # because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
316 # corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
317 # time even after the mills closed. See: Kazek K. Did you know which
318 # Alabama towns are in a different time zone? al.com 2017-02-06.
319 # http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
321 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
322 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
323 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
324 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
327 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
328 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
329 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
330 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
331 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
332 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
333 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
334 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
341 # US central time, represented by Chicago
343 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
344 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
345 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
346 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
347 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
348 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
349 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
350 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
352 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-07):
353 # In 1869 the Chicago Astronomical Society contracted with the city to keep
354 # time. Though delayed by the Great Fire, by 1880 a wire ran from the
355 # Dearborn Observatory (on the University of Chicago campus) to City Hall,
356 # which then sent signals to police and fire stations. However, railroads got
357 # their time signals from the Allegheny Observatory, the Madison Observatory,
358 # the Ann Arbor Observatory, etc., so their clocks did not agree with each
359 # other or with the city's official time. The confusion took some years to
361 # Moser M. How Chicago gave America its time zones. Chicago. 2018-01-04.
362 # http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2018/How-Chicago-Gave-America-Its-Time-Zones/
364 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
365 # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf
366 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
367 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
368 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
369 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
371 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
372 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
373 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
374 # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3
376 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
377 # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
378 # the rest of Stanley County. Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
379 # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
380 # Pierre so it simplifies schedules. I have lived in Stanley County
381 # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember. (43 years!)
383 # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
384 # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
386 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
387 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
388 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
389 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
390 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
391 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
392 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
394 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
396 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
397 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
398 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
400 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
402 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
403 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
404 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
406 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
407 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
408 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
409 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
410 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
411 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
412 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
413 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
414 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
417 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
418 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
419 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
420 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
421 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
422 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
424 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
425 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
426 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
427 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
428 # at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
430 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
431 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
434 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
436 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
437 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
438 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
439 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
440 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
443 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
444 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
445 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
446 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
447 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
448 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
451 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
453 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
456 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
458 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
459 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
460 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
461 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of
462 # Malheur county), and Washington
464 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
465 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
466 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
467 # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day. (This did not change
468 # legal time, and is not part of the data here.) See:
469 # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
470 # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
471 # 1973-11. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
473 # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
474 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
475 # the fallback transition earlier. See pages 3-4 of:
476 # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
480 # Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
481 # to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
482 # factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
485 # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
486 # (LA Times 1948-12-09). The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
488 # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
489 # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
490 # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
491 # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
492 # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
493 # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
495 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
496 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D
497 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
498 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D
499 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
500 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
502 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
508 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
510 # From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):
511 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
512 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
513 # On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
514 # Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
515 # formal transfer. See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
516 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
517 # Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
518 # and so celebrated two Sundays that week. See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).
519 # From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25.
520 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf
521 # Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch
522 # from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar.
524 # As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was
525 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
526 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was
527 # destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) Many of Alaska's inhabitants
528 # were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or
529 # time change. However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe
530 # Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it.
531 # The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian
532 # salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for
533 # all of Alaska. Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the
534 # local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously.
536 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
537 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
538 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
539 # "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
540 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
541 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
543 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
544 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
545 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
546 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
548 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
549 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
551 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
552 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
553 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
556 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
557 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
558 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
560 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
561 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
563 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
564 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
566 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
569 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
570 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
571 # Community office (using contact information available at
572 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
573 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
574 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
575 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
576 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
577 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
579 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
580 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
581 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
583 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
584 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
585 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
586 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
587 # https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
589 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
590 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
591 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
595 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
596 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
597 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
598 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
600 Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:30
601 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
605 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
606 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
608 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:44:55
609 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
613 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
614 -8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00
616 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
617 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
621 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
623 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 14:31:37
624 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
626 -10:00 US A%sT 1967 Apr
628 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
629 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
631 Zone America/Nome 12:58:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 13:29:35
632 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
635 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
637 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
638 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
640 Zone America/Adak 12:13:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 12:44:35
641 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
644 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
646 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
647 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
649 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
651 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
652 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
653 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
655 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
656 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
657 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
658 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
659 # possibly until 1983:
661 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
662 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
663 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
664 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
665 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
666 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
667 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
668 # three votes for and one against."
672 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
673 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
674 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
675 # the article is available at
676 # https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
677 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
678 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
679 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
680 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
681 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
682 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
683 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
684 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
685 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
686 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
687 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
689 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
690 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
691 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
692 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
693 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
694 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
695 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
696 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
697 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
698 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
699 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
700 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
701 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
702 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
704 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
705 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
707 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
708 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
709 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
710 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
711 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
712 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
713 -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
716 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
718 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
720 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
722 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
723 # Daylight Saving Time web page
724 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
725 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
726 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
727 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
728 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
729 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
730 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
731 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
732 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
733 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
734 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
736 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
737 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
739 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
740 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
741 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
742 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
743 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
745 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
747 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
748 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
749 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
750 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
751 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
752 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
754 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
755 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
757 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
758 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
759 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
760 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
761 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
762 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
763 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
767 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
769 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
774 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
775 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
777 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
778 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
779 # with the following exceptions:
781 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
782 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
784 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
786 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
787 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
789 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
790 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
792 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
793 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
794 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
795 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
797 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
798 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
799 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
801 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
802 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
803 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
804 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
805 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
806 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
807 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
808 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
809 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
810 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
812 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
813 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
814 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
815 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
818 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
819 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
820 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
822 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
824 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
826 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
827 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
828 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
834 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
835 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
836 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
837 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
838 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
839 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
840 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
841 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
842 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
844 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
846 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
847 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
852 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
853 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
855 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
856 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
858 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
859 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
860 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
861 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
862 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
863 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
864 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
865 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
866 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
868 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
871 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
872 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
875 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
876 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
877 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
878 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
879 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
880 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
881 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
882 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
883 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
884 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
885 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
886 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
887 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
889 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
892 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
895 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
896 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
897 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
898 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
899 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
900 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
901 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
902 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
903 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
905 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
906 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
907 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
908 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
909 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
912 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
913 # then switched back in 2006.
914 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
915 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
916 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
918 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
919 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
920 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
921 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
922 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
923 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
924 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
925 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
927 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
928 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
929 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
930 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
933 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
934 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
935 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
936 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
937 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
938 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
939 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
940 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
941 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
943 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
946 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
947 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
950 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
952 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
953 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
959 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
960 # The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at
961 # 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill
962 # for precisely 18 minutes. See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50). It is not
963 # clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
964 # to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
966 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
967 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
968 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
969 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
970 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
971 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
972 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
973 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
974 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
975 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
977 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
979 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
981 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
983 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
984 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
987 # Wayne County, Kentucky
989 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
990 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
991 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
992 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
993 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
994 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
995 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
996 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
997 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
998 # location in the Central time zone.
1000 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
1001 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
1002 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
1003 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
1004 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
1006 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
1007 # The final rule was published in the
1008 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
1009 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm
1011 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
1014 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1018 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
1019 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
1020 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
1021 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
1022 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
1023 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
1024 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
1025 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
1027 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
1028 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
1029 # so omit that change for now.
1030 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
1031 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
1032 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
1033 # 1999-10-31. See the
1034 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
1035 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm
1036 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
1037 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
1038 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
1042 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1043 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
1045 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
1046 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
1047 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
1050 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
1051 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
1052 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
1053 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
1054 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
1055 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
1058 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
1060 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1061 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
1062 # one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
1063 # info, so omit this for now.
1065 # From Paul Eggert (2017-07-26):
1066 # Although Shanks says Detroit observed DST in 1967 from 06-14 00:01
1067 # until 10-29 00:01, I now see multiple reports that this is incorrect.
1068 # For example, according to a 50-year anniversary report about the 1967
1069 # Detroit riots and a major-league doubleheader on 1967-07-23, "By the time
1070 # the last fly ball of the doubleheader settled into the glove of leftfielder
1071 # Lenny Green, it was after 7 p.m. Detroit did not observe daylight saving
1072 # time, so light was already starting to fail. Twilight was made even deeper
1073 # by billowing columns of smoke that ascended in an unbroken wall north of the
1074 # ballpark." See: Dow B. Detroit '67: As violence unfolded, Tigers played two
1075 # at home vs. Yankees. Detroit Free Press 2017-07-23.
1076 # https://www.freep.com/story/sports/mlb/tigers/2017/07/23/detroit-tigers-1967-riot-new-york-yankees/499951001/
1078 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
1079 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
1080 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1081 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1082 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1083 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
1084 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
1087 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
1089 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
1092 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
1093 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
1094 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
1095 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1096 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1097 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1098 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1099 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1100 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
1102 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
1103 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
1107 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
1108 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
1109 # also claimed by Haiti
1110 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
1111 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
1112 # currently uninhabited
1113 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
1114 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
1115 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
1117 ################################################################################
1120 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
1122 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1123 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1124 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1125 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1127 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
1128 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1129 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1130 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1131 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
1132 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1134 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1136 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1137 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1138 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1140 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1141 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1144 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1145 # <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1147 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1151 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1152 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1153 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1155 # UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
1156 # offset French English French English
1160 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1161 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1162 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1163 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1164 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1167 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1168 # HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
1170 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1171 # C: du Centre Central
1172 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1175 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1180 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1181 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1183 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1186 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1188 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1189 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1190 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1191 # https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1194 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1195 # https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1197 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1198 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1199 # https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1201 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1202 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1203 # https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1205 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1206 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1207 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1208 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1210 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1211 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1213 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1214 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1217 # https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1219 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1220 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1221 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1222 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1224 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1227 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1228 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1230 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1231 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1232 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1233 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1234 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1235 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1237 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1238 # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1239 # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1240 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1242 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1243 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1246 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1247 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1248 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1249 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1250 # The quote includes these two statements:
1251 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1252 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1253 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1254 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
1255 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1257 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1258 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1259 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1261 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1262 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1263 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1264 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1265 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1266 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1267 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1268 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1269 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1270 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1271 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1274 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1276 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14):
1277 # Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see:
1278 # McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07
1279 # http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/
1280 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador
1281 # that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
1282 # Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1284 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1285 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1286 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1287 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1288 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1289 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1290 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1291 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1292 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1293 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1295 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1296 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1297 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1298 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1299 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1300 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1301 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1302 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1303 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1304 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1305 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1306 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1307 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1308 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1309 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1311 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1312 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1313 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1314 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1315 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1316 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1318 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1320 # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1321 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1323 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1325 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1326 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1327 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1328 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1329 Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1330 Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1332 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1333 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1334 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1335 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1336 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1337 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1338 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1339 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1340 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
1343 # most of east Labrador
1345 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1346 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1347 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1349 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1350 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1352 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1353 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1354 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1355 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
1359 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1361 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1362 # From the historical weather station records available at:
1363 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1364 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1365 # likely to be the same across the island....
1366 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1367 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1369 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1370 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1371 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1372 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1373 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1374 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1375 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1378 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1379 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1380 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1381 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1382 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1383 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1384 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1385 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1386 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1387 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1388 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1389 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1390 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1391 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1392 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1393 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1394 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1395 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1396 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1397 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1398 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1399 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1400 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1401 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1402 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1403 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1404 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1405 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1406 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1407 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1408 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1409 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1410 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1411 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1412 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1413 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1414 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1415 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1416 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1417 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1418 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1419 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1421 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1422 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1423 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1424 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1425 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1426 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1428 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1429 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1430 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1432 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1437 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1438 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1439 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1440 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1441 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1442 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1444 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1445 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1446 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1447 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1448 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1449 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1450 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1451 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1452 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1453 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1454 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1455 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1456 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1457 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1459 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1460 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1461 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1462 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1463 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1464 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1465 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1466 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1471 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1472 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1474 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1475 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1476 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1477 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1478 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1479 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1480 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1481 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1482 # https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1483 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1484 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1485 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1488 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1489 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1494 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1495 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1497 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1498 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1499 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1500 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1502 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1503 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1504 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1505 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1506 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1507 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1508 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1509 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1510 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1513 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1515 # From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):
1516 # For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
1517 # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
1518 # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
1520 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1521 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1522 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1523 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1524 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1525 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1526 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1527 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1528 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1530 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1531 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1532 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1533 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1534 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1536 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1537 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1538 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1540 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1541 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1542 # the other half on eastern time.
1544 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1546 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1547 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1548 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1550 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1551 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1553 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1554 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1555 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1556 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1557 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1559 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1560 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1561 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1562 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1563 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1564 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1565 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1566 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1568 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1570 # Currently the database has:
1574 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1575 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1577 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1578 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1579 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1581 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1582 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1583 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1585 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1586 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1588 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1590 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1591 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1593 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1595 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1596 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1598 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1600 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1601 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1602 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1604 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1606 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1608 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1609 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1610 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1611 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1612 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1613 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1615 # Province Daylight saving time used
1616 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1617 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1618 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1619 # Quebec In the following places:
1623 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
1624 # Verdun Loretteville
1625 # Westmount Richmond
1626 # Outremont St. Jérôme
1627 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1629 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1630 # Melbourne La Tuque
1631 # St. Théophile Buckingham
1632 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1633 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1634 # used in the northwesterly part.
1635 # Manitoba Not used.
1636 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1638 # British Columbia Not used.
1640 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1641 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1643 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1644 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1645 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1646 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1647 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1648 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1649 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1650 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1651 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1653 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1654 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1655 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1656 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1657 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1658 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1659 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1660 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1661 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1662 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1663 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1664 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1665 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1666 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1667 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1668 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1669 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1670 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1671 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1672 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1673 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1674 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1675 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1676 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1677 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1678 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1679 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1680 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1682 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1683 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1684 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1685 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1686 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1688 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1689 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1690 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1691 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1692 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1693 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1694 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1695 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1696 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1697 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1698 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1700 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1701 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1702 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1703 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1704 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1705 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1707 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1710 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1711 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
1714 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1715 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1716 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1718 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1719 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1720 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1722 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1723 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1724 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1725 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1731 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1732 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1733 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1734 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1735 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1736 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1737 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1738 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1739 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1740 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1741 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1742 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1743 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1745 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1746 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1747 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1748 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1750 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1751 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1752 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1753 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1754 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1755 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1756 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1757 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1758 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1759 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1760 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1761 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1762 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1763 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1764 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1765 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1766 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1767 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1768 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1769 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1770 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1771 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1772 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1773 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1774 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1775 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1776 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1777 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1783 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1784 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1785 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1786 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1787 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1788 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1789 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1790 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1793 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1794 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1795 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1797 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1798 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1799 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1800 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1801 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1802 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1804 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1805 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1806 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1807 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1808 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1810 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1811 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1812 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1813 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1815 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1816 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1817 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1818 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1819 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1820 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1821 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1823 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1824 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1825 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1826 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1827 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1828 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1830 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1831 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1832 # long and rather painful to read.
1833 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1835 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1836 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1837 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1838 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1839 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1840 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1841 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1842 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1843 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1844 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1845 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1846 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1847 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1848 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1849 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1850 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1851 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1852 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1854 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1855 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1856 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1857 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1858 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1860 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1861 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1863 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1864 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1865 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1866 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1872 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1873 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1874 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1875 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1876 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1877 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1878 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1879 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1880 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1881 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1882 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1883 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1884 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1885 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1886 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1887 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1888 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1889 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1890 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1891 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1898 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1899 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1900 # been like Vancouver.
1901 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1902 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1904 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1906 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1907 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1908 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1909 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1910 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1911 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1913 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1914 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1915 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1916 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1917 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1918 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
1919 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1921 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1922 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1923 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
1924 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
1925 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1926 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1927 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1929 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1930 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1931 # Exact date unknown
1932 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1933 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1934 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1935 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1937 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1938 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1940 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1941 # Creston did not oblige.
1943 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1945 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1946 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1948 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1949 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1950 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1951 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1952 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1953 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1955 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1957 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
1958 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they
1959 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
1960 # America/Dawson_Creek.
1961 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
1963 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
1964 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
1965 # America/Fort_Nelson. The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
1966 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support. Effectively, the municipality has
1967 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
1970 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1971 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
1973 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1974 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1975 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1976 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1977 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1978 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1979 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1980 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1981 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1982 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1984 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1985 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1987 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1988 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1989 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1991 Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884
1992 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1946
1994 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1995 -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
1997 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
1998 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
1999 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
2002 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
2004 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2005 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
2006 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
2007 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
2008 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
2009 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
2010 # [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html]
2011 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
2012 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
2013 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
2015 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
2017 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
2018 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
2019 # and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its
2020 # predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
2021 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
2023 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
2024 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include
2025 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
2026 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
2027 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
2028 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
2029 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
2030 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
2031 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
2032 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
2033 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
2035 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
2036 # pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2037 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
2038 # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
2039 # Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
2040 # thirty-fifth meridian.
2042 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
2043 # JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
2044 # (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
2045 # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
2047 # (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
2048 # hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
2050 # (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
2051 # varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
2053 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
2054 # http://? - no online source found
2056 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
2057 # Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2058 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
2059 # Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
2061 # 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
2062 # Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
2064 # 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
2065 # Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
2066 # 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
2067 # is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
2068 # Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
2070 # 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
2071 # longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
2072 # hours behind Greenwich Time.
2074 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
2075 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
2076 # C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2078 # 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
2081 # 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
2082 # Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
2083 # shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
2084 # to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
2086 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
2087 # http://? - no online source found
2089 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
2090 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
2091 # O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2093 # In every year between
2094 # (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
2095 # (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
2096 # Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
2097 # called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2099 # Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
2101 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
2102 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
2103 # O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2105 # 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
2106 # behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
2107 # in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
2108 # in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
2109 # Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2111 # 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
2113 # 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
2115 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
2116 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
2118 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
2119 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
2120 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
2121 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
2123 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
2124 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
2125 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
2127 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2128 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2129 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2130 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2131 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
2132 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2134 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2135 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2136 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
2138 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2140 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2141 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2143 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2145 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2147 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2148 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2149 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2150 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2151 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2152 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2153 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2154 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2155 # the current state of affairs.
2157 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2158 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2159 # http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2160 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2161 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2162 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
2163 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2165 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2166 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2167 # for these potential new Zones.
2169 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2170 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2171 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2172 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2173 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2174 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2175 # required to use daylight savings.
2177 # From <http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2178 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2179 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2180 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2181 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2182 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2183 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2184 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
2185 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2186 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2187 # unified time zone in 1999.
2189 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2190 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2192 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2193 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2195 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2196 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2197 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2198 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
2199 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2200 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
2201 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2203 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2205 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2207 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2208 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2209 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2210 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2211 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2212 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2213 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2215 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2216 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2217 # daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
2218 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2219 # see above for an up-to-date link.
2221 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2222 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2223 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2224 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2225 # daylight saving....
2226 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2228 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2229 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2230 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2231 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2232 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2234 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2235 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2237 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2238 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2239 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2240 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2241 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2242 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2243 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2244 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2245 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2247 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2248 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2249 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2250 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2251 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2252 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2253 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2255 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2256 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2257 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2258 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2259 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2260 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2262 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2263 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2264 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2265 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2266 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2268 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2270 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2271 # Eastern Standard Time.
2273 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2274 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2275 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2276 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2278 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2280 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2281 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2282 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2283 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2285 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2286 # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
2287 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2288 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2290 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2291 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2292 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
2293 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
2294 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
2295 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
2296 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
2297 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2298 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
2299 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2300 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2301 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2302 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2303 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2305 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
2306 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2307 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2308 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2310 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2311 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2312 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2313 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2316 Zone America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2317 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2318 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2319 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
2320 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
2323 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2324 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2325 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2327 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2328 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920 # trading post est.?
2329 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2330 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2331 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
2332 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2334 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2335 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2337 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953 # Inuvik founded
2338 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2339 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2341 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2342 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00
2343 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2345 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2346 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2347 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2351 ###############################################################################
2355 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2356 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2357 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2358 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2359 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2361 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2362 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2363 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2364 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2365 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2366 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2368 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2369 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2370 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2371 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2372 # the relevant documents.
2374 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2375 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2376 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2378 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2380 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2381 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2383 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2384 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2385 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2386 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2388 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2389 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2394 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2399 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2401 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2402 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2403 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2404 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2405 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2407 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2408 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2409 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2411 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2412 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2413 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2414 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2415 # Arizona year round.
2417 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2418 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2419 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2420 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2421 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2424 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2425 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2427 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2428 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2430 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2431 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2432 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2434 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2435 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2436 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2437 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2438 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2439 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2440 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2441 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2443 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2444 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2445 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2446 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2448 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2450 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2451 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2452 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2453 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2454 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2455 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2456 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2457 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2459 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2461 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2462 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2463 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2464 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2465 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2466 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2467 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2468 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2469 # September 30, 2001.
2470 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2471 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2473 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2474 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2475 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2476 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2477 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2478 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2479 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2480 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2482 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2483 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2484 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2485 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2486 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2488 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2490 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2491 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2492 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2493 # > the United States.
2494 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2495 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2496 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2497 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2500 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2501 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2502 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2504 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2505 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2508 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2510 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2512 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2513 # includes this text:
2514 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2515 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2516 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2517 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2518 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2519 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2520 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2521 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2522 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2523 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2524 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2525 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2526 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2529 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2531 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2532 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2533 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2534 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2535 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2536 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2538 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2539 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2540 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2541 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2543 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2545 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2546 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2547 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2548 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2549 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2550 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2551 # includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2552 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2553 # states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2554 # de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2555 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2556 # state of Baja California.
2557 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2559 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2560 # longitude they are located at.
2562 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2563 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2564 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2565 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2566 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2567 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2568 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2569 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2570 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2571 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2572 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2573 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2574 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2575 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2576 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2578 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2579 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2580 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2581 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2582 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00
2584 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2585 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2586 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2587 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2589 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2590 # This includes the following municipalities:
2591 # in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
2592 # Guerrero, Hidalgo.
2593 # in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
2594 # in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
2595 # Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
2596 # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
2598 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
2599 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2602 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2604 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2605 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2610 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2611 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2612 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2613 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2614 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2615 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2616 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
2617 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2619 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2620 # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
2621 # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
2622 # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
2623 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2624 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2625 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2626 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2627 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2628 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2630 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2631 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2632 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2634 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2635 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2636 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2637 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2638 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2639 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2640 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2642 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2643 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2646 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2647 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2648 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2649 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2650 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2651 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2652 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2653 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2655 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2658 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2659 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2660 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2661 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2664 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2665 # país, a partir de este domingo
2666 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2668 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2670 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2673 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2674 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2675 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2677 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2678 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2680 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2682 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2683 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2686 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2687 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2688 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2689 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2690 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2691 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2692 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2693 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2698 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2699 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2700 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2701 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2702 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2703 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2704 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2705 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2707 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2711 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2713 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2714 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2715 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2716 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2717 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2718 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2719 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2720 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2721 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2726 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2727 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2728 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2730 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2731 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2732 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2733 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2734 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2735 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2736 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2737 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2738 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2739 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2740 # name or contents should be.
2742 # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
2743 # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
2744 # have come from a misreading of
2745 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2746 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
2752 ###############################################################################
2755 # Antigua and Barbuda
2756 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2760 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2762 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2763 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2764 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2765 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2767 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2768 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2769 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2770 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2771 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2772 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2777 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2779 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2780 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2781 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2782 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2783 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2784 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2786 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2787 -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2791 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2792 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2793 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 -0530
2794 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 CST
2795 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 CDT
2796 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 CST
2797 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 CDT
2798 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 CST
2799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2800 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2805 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2806 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2808 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2810 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2811 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2812 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2813 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2814 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2816 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2817 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2818 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2819 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
2823 # See America/Panama.
2827 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2829 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2830 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2831 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2832 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2833 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2834 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2835 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2836 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2837 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2838 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2839 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
2840 -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2843 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2847 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2848 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2849 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2850 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2852 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2853 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2854 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2855 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2856 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2857 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2858 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2859 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2860 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2861 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2863 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2864 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2865 # years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2866 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2868 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2869 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2870 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2871 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2872 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2873 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2874 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2875 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2877 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2878 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2879 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2880 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2882 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2883 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2884 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2885 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2886 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2887 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2888 # to the normal schedule....
2890 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2891 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2892 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2893 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2894 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2896 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2897 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2898 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2900 # He supplied these references:
2902 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2903 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2905 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2906 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2908 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2909 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2911 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2913 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2914 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2915 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2916 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2917 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2918 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2919 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2921 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2922 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2923 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2924 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2926 # Some more background information is posted here:
2927 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2929 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2930 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2931 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2932 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2933 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2934 # change some historic records as well.
2937 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2939 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2940 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2941 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2942 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2944 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2945 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2947 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2948 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2950 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2951 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2952 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2953 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2955 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2958 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2959 # I listened over the Internet to
2960 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2961 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2962 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2963 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2965 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2966 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2967 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2971 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2974 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2976 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2977 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2978 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2980 # One source (Spanish)
2981 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2984 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2986 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2987 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2990 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2991 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2994 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2996 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2997 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2998 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2999 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
3000 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
3001 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
3003 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3004 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
3005 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
3006 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3007 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3008 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3009 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3010 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
3011 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
3012 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
3013 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
3014 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
3015 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
3016 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
3017 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
3018 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3019 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
3020 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3021 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
3022 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
3023 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
3024 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
3025 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
3026 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3027 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
3028 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
3029 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
3030 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
3031 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
3032 Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
3033 Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
3034 Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
3035 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
3036 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
3037 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
3038 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
3039 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
3040 Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
3041 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
3042 Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
3044 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3045 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
3046 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
3050 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3052 # Dominican Republic
3054 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
3055 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
3056 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
3057 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
3059 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
3060 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
3062 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
3063 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
3064 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
3065 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
3066 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
3067 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
3068 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
3069 # decided to revert.
3072 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3073 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 EDT
3074 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 EST
3075 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -0430
3076 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 EST
3077 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 EST
3078 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 EST
3079 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3080 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
3081 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
3082 -5:00 DR %s 1974 Oct 27
3083 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
3084 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
3089 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3090 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3091 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
3092 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
3093 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
3094 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3095 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
3101 # St Martin (French part)
3102 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3106 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
3107 # Diario Co Latino, at
3108 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
3109 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
3110 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
3111 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
3112 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
3113 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
3114 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
3115 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
3116 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
3118 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3119 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
3120 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
3121 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
3122 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
3123 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
3124 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
3125 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
3126 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
3127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3128 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
3132 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3133 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3134 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3135 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3136 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
3138 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3139 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3140 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3141 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3142 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3144 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3145 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3146 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3149 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3151 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3152 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3153 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3154 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3155 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3157 # I have found this article about it (in French):
3158 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3160 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3162 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3163 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3165 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3166 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3167 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3168 # So this means they have already changed their time.
3170 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3171 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3173 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3174 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3175 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3176 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3178 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3179 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3180 # as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3181 # are going to observe DST every year now...
3183 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3184 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3186 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
3187 # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
3188 # are not going on DST this year. Several other resources confirm this: ...
3189 # https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
3190 # https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
3191 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
3193 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
3194 # We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
3195 # has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
3196 # I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
3197 # https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
3199 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3200 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
3201 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
3202 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3203 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3205 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
3206 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
3207 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3208 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3209 Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3210 Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3211 Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3212 Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3213 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3214 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
3215 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3219 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3221 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3222 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3223 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3224 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
3225 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3226 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3228 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3229 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3230 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3233 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3234 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3235 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3236 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3238 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3239 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3240 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3241 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3243 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3244 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3245 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3247 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3248 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3249 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
3250 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3251 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
3252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3253 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
3256 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3259 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3260 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3261 # island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3263 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3264 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3265 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
3266 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3267 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3268 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3269 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
3270 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3271 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3274 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
3275 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3282 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
3283 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
3284 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
3285 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
3289 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3293 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3295 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3296 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3297 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3298 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
3299 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3300 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3301 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3302 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3303 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3305 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3306 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3307 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3309 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3310 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3311 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3312 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3313 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3314 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3315 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3316 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3317 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3318 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3320 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3321 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3322 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3325 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3326 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3327 # (my informal translation)
3328 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3329 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3330 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3332 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3333 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3334 # My informal translation runs:
3335 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3336 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3339 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
3340 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
3341 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
3342 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3343 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
3344 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
3345 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3346 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
3347 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3348 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
3349 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
3350 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
3351 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
3357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3358 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
3359 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3361 Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3364 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3365 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3366 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3367 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
3373 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3375 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3376 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3378 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3379 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
3381 -3:00 Canada -03/-02
3383 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3384 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3388 # From Chris Dunn in
3389 # https://bugs.debian.org/415007
3390 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3391 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3392 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3394 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3395 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3396 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3397 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3398 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3399 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3400 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3402 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3403 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round. See:
3404 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3405 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3406 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3407 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3408 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3409 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3411 # From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen:
3412 # ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST)
3413 # during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local
3414 # Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ...
3415 # https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3
3417 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26):
3418 # The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11,
3419 # which makes more sense. See: Hamilton D. Time change back
3420 # by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
3421 # http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
3423 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3424 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3425 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3427 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3428 -4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00
3433 # See America/Port_of_Spain.