1 ##### Example wpa_supplicant configuration file ###############################
3 # ***** Please check wpa_supplicant.conf(5) for details on these options *****
5 # This file describes configuration file format and lists all available option.
6 # Please also take a look at simpler configuration examples in 'examples'
9 # Empty lines and lines starting with # are ignored
11 # NOTE! This file may contain password information and should probably be made
12 # readable only by root user on multiuser systems.
14 # Note: All file paths in this configuration file should use full (absolute,
15 # not relative to working directory) path in order to allow working directory
16 # to be changed. This can happen if wpa_supplicant is run in the background.
18 # Whether to allow wpa_supplicant to update (overwrite) configuration
20 # This option can be used to allow wpa_supplicant to overwrite configuration
21 # file whenever configuration is changed (e.g., new network block is added with
22 # wpa_cli or wpa_gui, or a password is changed). This is required for
23 # wpa_cli/wpa_gui to be able to store the configuration changes permanently.
24 # Please note that overwriting configuration file will remove the comments from
28 # global configuration (shared by all network blocks)
30 # Parameters for the control interface. If this is specified, wpa_supplicant
31 # will open a control interface that is available for external programs to
32 # manage wpa_supplicant. The meaning of this string depends on which control
33 # interface mechanism is used. For all cases, the existence of this parameter
34 # in configuration is used to determine whether the control interface is
37 # For UNIX domain sockets (default on Linux and BSD): This is a directory that
38 # will be created for UNIX domain sockets for listening to requests from
39 # external programs (CLI/GUI, etc.) for status information and configuration.
40 # The socket file will be named based on the interface name, so multiple
41 # wpa_supplicant processes can be run at the same time if more than one
43 # /var/run/wpa_supplicant is the recommended directory for sockets and by
44 # default, wpa_cli will use it when trying to connect with wpa_supplicant.
46 # Access control for the control interface can be configured by setting the
47 # directory to allow only members of a group to use sockets. This way, it is
48 # possible to run wpa_supplicant as root (since it needs to change network
49 # configuration and open raw sockets) and still allow GUI/CLI components to be
50 # run as non-root users. However, since the control interface can be used to
51 # change the network configuration, this access needs to be protected in many
52 # cases. By default, wpa_supplicant is configured to use gid 0 (root). If you
53 # want to allow non-root users to use the control interface, add a new group
54 # and change this value to match with that group. Add users that should have
55 # control interface access to this group. If this variable is commented out or
56 # not included in the configuration file, group will not be changed from the
57 # value it got by default when the directory or socket was created.
59 # When configuring both the directory and group, use following format:
60 # DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel
61 # DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=0
62 # (group can be either group name or gid)
64 ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
66 # IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL version
67 # wpa_supplicant is implemented based on IEEE Std 802.1X-2004 which defines
68 # EAPOL version 2. However, there are many APs that do not handle the new
69 # version number correctly (they seem to drop the frames completely). In order
70 # to make wpa_supplicant interoperate with these APs, the version number is set
71 # to 1 by default. This configuration value can be used to set it to the new
73 # Note: When using MACsec, eapol_version shall be set to 3, which is
74 # defined in IEEE Std 802.1X-2010.
77 # AP scanning/selection
78 # By default, wpa_supplicant requests driver to perform AP scanning and then
79 # uses the scan results to select a suitable AP. Another alternative is to
80 # allow the driver to take care of AP scanning and selection and use
81 # wpa_supplicant just to process EAPOL frames based on IEEE 802.11 association
82 # information from the driver.
83 # 1: wpa_supplicant initiates scanning and AP selection; if no APs matching to
84 # the currently enabled networks are found, a new network (IBSS or AP mode
85 # operation) may be initialized (if configured) (default)
86 # 0: driver takes care of scanning, AP selection, and IEEE 802.11 association
87 # parameters (e.g., WPA IE generation); this mode can also be used with
88 # non-WPA drivers when using IEEE 802.1X mode; do not try to associate with
89 # APs (i.e., external program needs to control association). This mode must
90 # also be used when using wired Ethernet drivers (including MACsec).
91 # 2: like 0, but associate with APs using security policy and SSID (but not
92 # BSSID); this can be used, e.g., with ndiswrapper and NDIS drivers to
93 # enable operation with hidden SSIDs and optimized roaming; in this mode,
94 # the network blocks in the configuration file are tried one by one until
95 # the driver reports successful association; each network block should have
96 # explicit security policy (i.e., only one option in the lists) for
97 # key_mgmt, pairwise, group, proto variables
99 # For use in FreeBSD with the wlan module ap_scan must be set to 1.
101 # When using IBSS or AP mode, ap_scan=2 mode can force the new network to be
102 # created immediately regardless of scan results. ap_scan=1 mode will first try
103 # to scan for existing networks and only if no matches with the enabled
104 # networks are found, a new IBSS or AP mode network is created.
107 # Whether to force passive scan for network connection
109 # By default, scans will send out Probe Request frames on channels that allow
110 # active scanning. This advertise the local station to the world. Normally this
111 # is fine, but users may wish to do passive scanning where the radio should only
112 # listen quietly for Beacon frames and not send any Probe Request frames. Actual
113 # functionality may be driver dependent.
115 # This parameter can be used to force only passive scanning to be used
116 # for network connection cases. It should be noted that this will slow
117 # down scan operations and reduce likelihood of finding the AP. In
118 # addition, some use cases will override this due to functional
119 # requirements, e.g., for finding an AP that uses hidden SSID
120 # (scan_ssid=1) or P2P device discovery.
122 # 0: Do normal scans (allow active scans) (default)
123 # 1: Do passive scans.
127 # By default, wpa_supplicant implements the mesh peering manager (MPM) for an
128 # open mesh. However, if the driver can implement the MPM, you may set this to
129 # 0 to use the driver version. When AMPE is enabled, the wpa_supplicant MPM is
131 # 0: MPM lives in the driver
132 # 1: wpa_supplicant provides an MPM which handles peering (default)
135 # Maximum number of peer links (0-255; default: 99)
136 # Maximum number of mesh peering currently maintained by the STA.
139 # Timeout in seconds to detect STA inactivity (default: 300 seconds)
141 # This timeout value is used in mesh STA to clean up inactive stations.
142 #mesh_max_inactivity=300
144 # cert_in_cb - Whether to include a peer certificate dump in events
145 # This controls whether peer certificates for authentication server and
146 # its certificate chain are included in EAP peer certificate events. This is
147 # enabled by default.
150 # EAP fast re-authentication
151 # By default, fast re-authentication is enabled for all EAP methods that
152 # support it. This variable can be used to disable fast re-authentication.
153 # Normally, there is no need to disable this.
156 # OpenSSL Engine support
157 # These options can be used to load OpenSSL engines in special or legacy
159 # The two engines that are supported currently are shown below:
160 # They are both from the opensc project (http://www.opensc.org/)
161 # By default the PKCS#11 engine is loaded if the client_cert or
162 # private_key option appear to be a PKCS#11 URI, and these options
163 # should not need to be used explicitly.
164 # make the opensc engine available
165 #opensc_engine_path=/usr/lib/opensc/engine_opensc.so
166 # make the pkcs11 engine available
167 #pkcs11_engine_path=/usr/lib/opensc/engine_pkcs11.so
168 # configure the path to the pkcs11 module required by the pkcs11 engine
169 #pkcs11_module_path=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so
171 # OpenSSL cipher string
173 # This is an OpenSSL specific configuration option for configuring the default
174 # ciphers. If not set, the value configured at build time ("DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW"
175 # by default) is used.
176 # See https://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html for OpenSSL documentation
177 # on cipher suite configuration. This is applicable only if wpa_supplicant is
178 # built to use OpenSSL.
179 #openssl_ciphers=DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW
181 # Dynamic EAP methods
182 # If EAP methods were built dynamically as shared object files, they need to be
183 # loaded here before being used in the network blocks. By default, EAP methods
184 # are included statically in the build, so these lines are not needed
185 #load_dynamic_eap=/usr/lib/wpa_supplicant/eap_tls.so
186 #load_dynamic_eap=/usr/lib/wpa_supplicant/eap_md5.so
188 # Driver interface parameters
189 # This field can be used to configure arbitrary driver interface parameters. The
190 # format is specific to the selected driver interface. This field is not used
192 #driver_param="field=value"
195 # The ISO/IEC alpha2 country code for the country in which this device is
196 # currently operating.
199 # Maximum lifetime for PMKSA in seconds; default 43200
200 #dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime=43200
201 # Threshold for reauthentication (percentage of PMK lifetime); default 70
202 #dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold=70
203 # Timeout for security association negotiation in seconds; default 60
204 #dot11RSNAConfigSATimeout=60
206 # Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) parameters
208 # Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID; see RFC 4122) of the device
209 # If not configured, UUID will be generated based on the mechanism selected with
210 # the auto_uuid parameter.
211 #uuid=12345678-9abc-def0-1234-56789abcdef0
213 # Automatic UUID behavior
214 # 0 = generate static value based on the local MAC address (default)
215 # 1 = generate a random UUID every time wpa_supplicant starts
219 # User-friendly description of device; up to 32 octets encoded in UTF-8
220 #device_name=Wireless Client
223 # The manufacturer of the device (up to 64 ASCII characters)
224 #manufacturer=Company
227 # Model of the device (up to 32 ASCII characters)
231 # Additional device description (up to 32 ASCII characters)
235 # Serial number of the device (up to 32 characters)
238 # Primary Device Type
239 # Used format: <categ>-<OUI>-<subcateg>
240 # categ = Category as an integer value
241 # OUI = OUI and type octet as a 4-octet hex-encoded value; 0050F204 for
243 # subcateg = OUI-specific Sub Category as an integer value
245 # 1-0050F204-1 (Computer / PC)
246 # 1-0050F204-2 (Computer / Server)
247 # 5-0050F204-1 (Storage / NAS)
248 # 6-0050F204-1 (Network Infrastructure / AP)
249 #device_type=1-0050F204-1
252 # 4-octet operating system version number (hex string)
256 # List of the supported configuration methods
257 # Available methods: usba ethernet label display ext_nfc_token int_nfc_token
258 # nfc_interface push_button keypad virtual_display physical_display
259 # virtual_push_button physical_push_button
261 #config_methods=label display push_button keypad
263 #config_methods=label virtual_display virtual_push_button keypad
265 # Credential processing
266 # 0 = process received credentials internally (default)
267 # 1 = do not process received credentials; just pass them over ctrl_iface to
268 # external program(s)
269 # 2 = process received credentials internally and pass them over ctrl_iface
270 # to external program(s)
271 #wps_cred_processing=0
273 # Whether to enable SAE (WPA3-Personal transition mode) automatically for
274 # WPA2-PSK credentials received using WPS.
275 # 0 = only add the explicitly listed WPA2-PSK configuration (default)
276 # 1 = add both the WPA2-PSK and SAE configuration and enable PMF so that the
277 # station gets configured in WPA3-Personal transition mode (supports both
278 # WPA2-Personal (PSK) and WPA3-Personal (SAE) APs).
281 # Vendor attribute in WPS M1, e.g., Windows 7 Vertical Pairing
282 # The vendor attribute contents to be added in M1 (hex string)
283 #wps_vendor_ext_m1=000137100100020001
285 # NFC password token for WPS
286 # These parameters can be used to configure a fixed NFC password token for the
287 # station. This can be generated, e.g., with nfc_pw_token. When these
288 # parameters are used, the station is assumed to be deployed with a NFC tag
289 # that includes the matching NFC password token (e.g., written based on the
290 # NDEF record from nfc_pw_token).
292 #wps_nfc_dev_pw_id: Device Password ID (16..65535)
293 #wps_nfc_dh_pubkey: Hexdump of DH Public Key
294 #wps_nfc_dh_privkey: Hexdump of DH Private Key
295 #wps_nfc_dev_pw: Hexdump of Device Password
297 # Priority for the networks added through WPS
298 # This priority value will be set to each network profile that is added
299 # by executing the WPS protocol.
302 # Maximum number of BSS entries to keep in memory
304 # This can be used to limit memory use on the BSS entries (cached scan
305 # results). A larger value may be needed in environments that have huge number
306 # of APs when using ap_scan=1 mode.
309 # BSS expiration age in seconds. A BSS will be removed from the local cache
310 # if it is not in use and has not been seen for this time. Default is 180.
311 #bss_expiration_age=180
313 # BSS expiration after number of scans. A BSS will be removed from the local
314 # cache if it is not seen in this number of scans.
316 #bss_expiration_scan_count=2
319 # This is an optional set of parameters for automatic scanning
320 # within an interface in following format:
321 #autoscan=<autoscan module name>:<module parameters>
322 # autoscan is like bgscan but on disconnected or inactive state.
323 # For instance, on exponential module parameters would be <base>:<limit>
324 #autoscan=exponential:3:300
325 # Which means a delay between scans on a base exponential of 3,
326 # up to the limit of 300 seconds (3, 9, 27 ... 300)
327 # For periodic module, parameters would be <fixed interval>
328 #autoscan=periodic:30
329 # So a delay of 30 seconds will be applied between each scan.
330 # Note: If sched_scan_plans are configured and supported by the driver,
331 # autoscan is ignored.
333 # filter_ssids - SSID-based scan result filtering
334 # 0 = do not filter scan results (default)
335 # 1 = only include configured SSIDs in scan results/BSS table
338 # Password (and passphrase, etc.) backend for external storage
339 # format: <backend name>[:<optional backend parameters>]
340 #ext_password_backend=test:pw1=password|pw2=testing
343 # Disable P2P functionality
346 # Timeout in seconds to detect STA inactivity (default: 300 seconds)
348 # This timeout value is used in P2P GO mode to clean up
350 #p2p_go_max_inactivity=300
352 # Passphrase length (8..63) for P2P GO
354 # This parameter controls the length of the random passphrase that is
355 # generated at the GO. Default: 8.
356 #p2p_passphrase_len=8
358 # Extra delay between concurrent P2P search iterations
360 # This value adds extra delay in milliseconds between concurrent search
361 # iterations to make p2p_find friendlier to concurrent operations by avoiding
362 # it from taking 100% of radio resources. The default value is 500 ms.
363 #p2p_search_delay=500
365 # Opportunistic Key Caching (also known as Proactive Key Caching) default
366 # This parameter can be used to set the default behavior for the
367 # proactive_key_caching parameter. By default, OKC is disabled unless enabled
368 # with the global okc=1 parameter or with the per-network
369 # proactive_key_caching=1 parameter. With okc=1, OKC is enabled by default, but
370 # can be disabled with per-network proactive_key_caching=0 parameter.
373 # Protected Management Frames default
374 # This parameter can be used to set the default behavior for the ieee80211w
375 # parameter for RSN networks. By default, PMF is disabled unless enabled with
376 # the global pmf=1/2 parameter or with the per-network ieee80211w=1/2 parameter.
377 # With pmf=1/2, PMF is enabled/required by default, but can be disabled with the
378 # per-network ieee80211w parameter. This global default value does not apply
379 # for non-RSN networks (key_mgmt=NONE) since PMF is available only when using
383 # Enabled SAE finite cyclic groups in preference order
384 # By default (if this parameter is not set), the mandatory group 19 (ECC group
385 # defined over a 256-bit prime order field, NIST P-256) is preferred and groups
386 # 20 (NIST P-384) and 21 (NIST P-521) are also enabled. If this parameter is
387 # set, the groups will be tried in the indicated order.
388 # The group values are listed in the IANA registry:
389 # http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipsec-registry/ipsec-registry.xml#ipsec-registry-9
390 # Note that groups 1, 2, 5, 22, 23, and 24 should not be used in production
391 # purposes due limited security (see RFC 8247). Groups that are not as strong as
392 # group 19 (ECC, NIST P-256) are unlikely to be useful for production use cases
393 # since all implementations are required to support group 19.
396 # Default value for DTIM period (if not overridden in network block)
399 # Default value for Beacon interval (if not overridden in network block)
402 # Additional vendor specific elements for Beacon and Probe Response frames
403 # This parameter can be used to add additional vendor specific element(s) into
404 # the end of the Beacon and Probe Response frames. The format for these
405 # element(s) is a hexdump of the raw information elements (id+len+payload for
406 # one or more elements). This is used in AP and P2P GO modes.
407 #ap_vendor_elements=dd0411223301
409 # Ignore scan results older than request
411 # The driver may have a cache of scan results that makes it return
412 # information that is older than our scan trigger. This parameter can
413 # be used to configure such old information to be ignored instead of
414 # allowing it to update the internal BSS table.
415 #ignore_old_scan_res=0
417 # scan_cur_freq: Whether to scan only the current frequency
418 # 0: Scan all available frequencies. (Default)
419 # 1: Scan current operating frequency if another VIF on the same radio
420 # is already associated.
422 # MAC address policy default
423 # 0 = use permanent MAC address
424 # 1 = use random MAC address for each ESS connection
425 # 2 = like 1, but maintain OUI (with local admin bit set)
427 # By default, permanent MAC address is used unless policy is changed by
428 # the per-network mac_addr parameter. Global mac_addr=1 can be used to
429 # change this default behavior.
432 # Lifetime of random MAC address in seconds (default: 60)
433 #rand_addr_lifetime=60
435 # MAC address policy for pre-association operations (scanning, ANQP)
436 # 0 = use permanent MAC address
437 # 1 = use random MAC address
438 # 2 = like 1, but maintain OUI (with local admin bit set)
441 # MAC address policy for GAS operations
442 # 0 = use permanent MAC address
443 # 1 = use random MAC address
444 # 2 = like 1, but maintain OUI (with local admin bit set)
447 # Lifetime of GAS random MAC address in seconds (default: 60)
448 #gas_rand_addr_lifetime=60
450 # Interworking (IEEE 802.11u)
452 # Enable Interworking
455 # Enable P2P GO advertisement of Interworking
458 # P2P GO Interworking: Access Network Type
459 # 0 = Private network
460 # 1 = Private network with guest access
461 # 2 = Chargeable public network
462 # 3 = Free public network
463 # 4 = Personal device network
464 # 5 = Emergency services only network
465 # 14 = Test or experimental
467 #go_access_network_type=0
469 # P2P GO Interworking: Whether the network provides connectivity to the Internet
471 # 1 = Network provides connectivity to the Internet
474 # P2P GO Interworking: Group Venue Info (optional)
475 # The available values are defined in IEEE Std 802.11-2016, 9.4.1.35.
476 # Example values (group,type):
478 # 1,7 = Convention Center
480 # 2,0 = Unspecified Business
481 # 7,1 Private Residence
485 # Homogenous ESS identifier
486 # If this is set, scans will be used to request response only from BSSes
487 # belonging to the specified Homogeneous ESS. This is used only if interworking
489 # hessid=00:11:22:33:44:55
491 # Automatic network selection behavior
492 # 0 = do not automatically go through Interworking network selection
493 # (i.e., require explicit interworking_select command for this; default)
494 # 1 = perform Interworking network selection if one or more
495 # credentials have been configured and scan did not find a
496 # matching network block
499 # GAS Address3 field behavior
500 # 0 = P2P specification (Address3 = AP BSSID); default
501 # 1 = IEEE 802.11 standard compliant (Address3 = Wildcard BSSID when
502 # sent to not-associated AP; if associated, AP BSSID)
505 # Publish fine timing measurement (FTM) responder functionality in
506 # the Extended Capabilities element bit 70.
507 # Controls whether FTM responder functionality will be published by AP/STA.
508 # Note that actual FTM responder operation is managed outside wpa_supplicant.
509 # 0 = Do not publish; default
513 # Publish fine timing measurement (FTM) initiator functionality in
514 # the Extended Capabilities element bit 71.
515 # Controls whether FTM initiator functionality will be published by AP/STA.
516 # Note that actual FTM initiator operation is managed outside wpa_supplicant.
517 # 0 = Do not publish; default
523 # Each credential used for automatic network selection is configured as a set
524 # of parameters that are compared to the information advertised by the APs when
525 # interworking_select and interworking_connect commands are used.
529 # temporary: Whether this credential is temporary and not to be saved
531 # priority: Priority group
532 # By default, all networks and credentials get the same priority group
533 # (0). This field can be used to give higher priority for credentials
534 # (and similarly in struct wpa_ssid for network blocks) to change the
535 # Interworking automatic networking selection behavior. The matching
536 # network (based on either an enabled network block or a credential)
537 # with the highest priority value will be selected.
539 # pcsc: Use PC/SC and SIM/USIM card
541 # realm: Home Realm for Interworking
543 # username: Username for Interworking network selection
545 # password: Password for Interworking network selection
547 # ca_cert: CA certificate for Interworking network selection
549 # client_cert: File path to client certificate file (PEM/DER)
550 # This field is used with Interworking networking selection for a case
551 # where client certificate/private key is used for authentication
552 # (EAP-TLS). Full path to the file should be used since working
553 # directory may change when wpa_supplicant is run in the background.
555 # Certificates from PKCS#11 tokens can be referenced by a PKCS#11 URI.
557 # For example: private_key="pkcs11:manufacturer=piv_II;id=%01"
559 # Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by setting
560 # this to blob://blob_name.
562 # private_key: File path to client private key file (PEM/DER/PFX)
563 # When PKCS#12/PFX file (.p12/.pfx) is used, client_cert should be
564 # commented out. Both the private key and certificate will be read
565 # from the PKCS#12 file in this case. Full path to the file should be
566 # used since working directory may change when wpa_supplicant is run
569 # Keys in PKCS#11 tokens can be referenced by a PKCS#11 URI.
570 # For example: private_key="pkcs11:manufacturer=piv_II;id=%01"
572 # Windows certificate store can be used by leaving client_cert out and
573 # configuring private_key in one of the following formats:
575 # cert://substring_to_match
577 # hash://certificate_thumbprint_in_hex
579 # For example: private_key="hash://63093aa9c47f56ae88334c7b65a4"
581 # Note that when running wpa_supplicant as an application, the user
582 # certificate store (My user account) is used, whereas computer store
583 # (Computer account) is used when running wpasvc as a service.
585 # Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by setting
586 # this to blob://blob_name.
588 # private_key_passwd: Password for private key file
590 # imsi: IMSI in <MCC> | <MNC> | '-' | <MSIN> format
592 # milenage: Milenage parameters for SIM/USIM simulator in <Ki>:<OPc>:<SQN>
595 # domain: Home service provider FQDN(s)
596 # This is used to compare against the Domain Name List to figure out
597 # whether the AP is operated by the Home SP. Multiple domain entries can
598 # be used to configure alternative FQDNs that will be considered home
601 # roaming_consortium: Roaming Consortium OI
602 # If roaming_consortium_len is non-zero, this field contains the
603 # Roaming Consortium OI that can be used to determine which access
604 # points support authentication with this credential. This is an
605 # alternative to the use of the realm parameter. When using Roaming
606 # Consortium to match the network, the EAP parameters need to be
607 # pre-configured with the credential since the NAI Realm information
608 # may not be available or fetched.
610 # required_roaming_consortium: Required Roaming Consortium OI
611 # If required_roaming_consortium_len is non-zero, this field contains the
612 # Roaming Consortium OI that is required to be advertised by the AP for
613 # the credential to be considered matching.
615 # roaming_consortiums: Roaming Consortium OI(s) memberships
616 # This string field contains one or more comma delimited OIs (hexdump)
617 # identifying the roaming consortiums of which the provider is a member.
618 # The list is sorted from the most preferred one to the least preferred
619 # one. A match between the Roaming Consortium OIs advertised by an AP and
620 # the OIs in this list indicates that successful authentication is
622 # (Hotspot 2.0 PerProviderSubscription/<X+>/HomeSP/RoamingConsortiumOI)
624 # eap: Pre-configured EAP method
625 # This optional field can be used to specify which EAP method will be
626 # used with this credential. If not set, the EAP method is selected
627 # automatically based on ANQP information (e.g., NAI Realm).
629 # phase1: Pre-configure Phase 1 (outer authentication) parameters
630 # This optional field is used with like the 'eap' parameter.
632 # phase2: Pre-configure Phase 2 (inner authentication) parameters
633 # This optional field is used with like the 'eap' parameter.
635 # excluded_ssid: Excluded SSID
636 # This optional field can be used to excluded specific SSID(s) from
637 # matching with the network. Multiple entries can be used to specify more
640 # roaming_partner: Roaming partner information
641 # This optional field can be used to configure preferences between roaming
642 # partners. The field is a string in following format:
643 # <FQDN>,<0/1 exact match>,<priority>,<* or country code>
644 # (non-exact match means any subdomain matches the entry; priority is in
645 # 0..255 range with 0 being the highest priority)
647 # update_identifier: PPS MO ID
648 # (Hotspot 2.0 PerProviderSubscription/UpdateIdentifier)
650 # provisioning_sp: FQDN of the SP that provisioned the credential
651 # This optional field can be used to keep track of the SP that provisioned
652 # the credential to find the PPS MO (./Wi-Fi/<provisioning_sp>).
654 # Minimum backhaul threshold (PPS/<X+>/Policy/MinBackhauldThreshold/*)
655 # These fields can be used to specify minimum download/upload backhaul
656 # bandwidth that is preferred for the credential. This constraint is
657 # ignored if the AP does not advertise WAN Metrics information or if the
658 # limit would prevent any connection. Values are in kilobits per second.
659 # min_dl_bandwidth_home
660 # min_ul_bandwidth_home
661 # min_dl_bandwidth_roaming
662 # min_ul_bandwidth_roaming
664 # max_bss_load: Maximum BSS Load Channel Utilization (1..255)
665 # (PPS/<X+>/Policy/MaximumBSSLoadValue)
666 # This value is used as the maximum channel utilization for network
667 # selection purposes for home networks. If the AP does not advertise
668 # BSS Load or if the limit would prevent any connection, this constraint
671 # req_conn_capab: Required connection capability
672 # (PPS/<X+>/Policy/RequiredProtoPortTuple)
673 # This value is used to configure set of required protocol/port pairs that
674 # a roaming network shall support (include explicitly in Connection
675 # Capability ANQP element). This constraint is ignored if the AP does not
676 # advertise Connection Capability or if this constraint would prevent any
677 # network connection. This policy is not used in home networks.
678 # Format: <protocol>[:<comma-separated list of ports]
679 # Multiple entries can be used to list multiple requirements.
680 # For example, number of common TCP protocols:
681 # req_conn_capab=6,22,80,443
682 # For example, IPSec/IKE:
683 # req_conn_capab=17:500
686 # ocsp: Whether to use/require OCSP to check server certificate
687 # 0 = do not use OCSP stapling (TLS certificate status extension)
688 # 1 = try to use OCSP stapling, but not require response
689 # 2 = require valid OCSP stapling response
690 # 3 = require valid OCSP stapling response for all not-trusted
691 # certificates in the server certificate chain
693 # sim_num: Identifier for which SIM to use in multi-SIM devices
698 # realm="example.com"
699 # username="user@example.com"
700 # password="password"
701 # ca_cert="/etc/wpa_supplicant/ca.pem"
702 # domain="example.com"
706 # imsi="310026-000000000"
707 # milenage="90dca4eda45b53cf0f12d7c9c3bc6a89:cb9cccc4b9258e6dca4760379fb82"
711 # realm="example.com"
713 # password="password"
714 # ca_cert="/etc/wpa_supplicant/ca.pem"
715 # domain="example.com"
716 # roaming_consortium=223344
718 # phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2"
724 # Scheduled scan plans
726 # A space delimited list of scan plans. Each scan plan specifies the scan
727 # interval and number of iterations, delimited by a colon. The last scan plan
728 # will run infinitely and thus must specify only the interval and not the number
731 # The driver advertises the maximum number of scan plans supported. If more scan
732 # plans than supported are configured, only the first ones are set (up to the
733 # maximum supported). The last scan plan that specifies only the interval is
734 # always set as the last plan.
736 # If the scan interval or the number of iterations for a scan plan exceeds the
737 # maximum supported, it will be set to the maximum supported value.
740 # sched_scan_plans=<interval:iterations> <interval:iterations> ... <interval>
743 # sched_scan_plans=10:100 20:200 30
745 # Multi Band Operation (MBO) non-preferred channels
746 # A space delimited list of non-preferred channels where each channel is a colon
747 # delimited list of values.
749 # non_pref_chan=<oper_class>:<chan>:<preference>:<reason>
751 # non_pref_chan=81:5:10:2 81:1:0:2 81:9:0:2
753 # MBO Cellular Data Capabilities
754 # 1 = Cellular data connection available
755 # 2 = Cellular data connection not available
756 # 3 = Not cellular capable (default)
759 # Optimized Connectivity Experience (OCE)
760 # oce: Enable OCE features (bitmap)
761 # Set BIT(0) to Enable OCE in non-AP STA mode (default; disabled if the driver
762 # does not indicate support for OCE in STA mode)
763 # Set BIT(1) to Enable OCE in STA-CFON mode
768 # Each network (usually AP's sharing the same SSID) is configured as a separate
769 # block in this configuration file. The network blocks are in preference order
770 # (the first match is used).
772 # network block fields:
775 # 0 = this network can be used (default)
776 # 1 = this network block is disabled (can be enabled through ctrl_iface,
777 # e.g., with wpa_cli or wpa_gui)
779 # id_str: Network identifier string for external scripts. This value is passed
780 # to external action script through wpa_cli as WPA_ID_STR environment
781 # variable to make it easier to do network specific configuration.
783 # ssid: SSID (mandatory); network name in one of the optional formats:
784 # - an ASCII string with double quotation
785 # - a hex string (two characters per octet of SSID)
786 # - a printf-escaped ASCII string P"<escaped string>"
789 # 0 = do not scan this SSID with specific Probe Request frames (default)
790 # 1 = scan with SSID-specific Probe Request frames (this can be used to
791 # find APs that hide (do not broadcast) SSID or use multiple SSIDs;
792 # this will add latency to scanning, so enable this only when needed)
794 # bssid: BSSID (optional); if set, this network block is used only when
795 # associating with the AP using the configured BSSID
797 # priority: priority group (integer)
798 # By default, all networks will get same priority group (0). If some of the
799 # networks are more desirable, this field can be used to change the order in
800 # which wpa_supplicant goes through the networks when selecting a BSS. The
801 # priority groups will be iterated in decreasing priority (i.e., the larger the
802 # priority value, the sooner the network is matched against the scan results).
803 # Within each priority group, networks will be selected based on security
804 # policy, signal strength, etc.
805 # Please note that AP scanning with scan_ssid=1 and ap_scan=2 mode are not
806 # using this priority to select the order for scanning. Instead, they try the
807 # networks in the order that they are listed in the configuration file.
809 # mode: IEEE 802.11 operation mode
810 # 0 = infrastructure (Managed) mode, i.e., associate with an AP (default)
811 # 1 = IBSS (ad-hoc, peer-to-peer)
812 # 2 = AP (access point)
813 # Note: IBSS can only be used with key_mgmt NONE (plaintext and static WEP) and
814 # WPA-PSK (with proto=RSN). In addition, key_mgmt=WPA-NONE (fixed group key
815 # TKIP/CCMP) is available for backwards compatibility, but its use is
816 # deprecated. WPA-None requires following network block options:
817 # proto=WPA, key_mgmt=WPA-NONE, pairwise=NONE, group=TKIP (or CCMP, but not
818 # both), and psk must also be set.
820 # frequency: Channel frequency in megahertz (MHz) for IBSS, e.g.,
821 # 2412 = IEEE 802.11b/g channel 1. This value is used to configure the initial
822 # channel for IBSS (adhoc) networks. It is ignored in the infrastructure mode.
823 # In addition, this value is only used by the station that creates the IBSS. If
824 # an IBSS network with the configured SSID is already present, the frequency of
825 # the network will be used instead of this configured value.
827 # pbss: Whether to use PBSS. Relevant to IEEE 802.11ad networks only.
828 # 0 = do not use PBSS
830 # 2 = don't care (not allowed in AP mode)
831 # Used together with mode configuration. When mode is AP, it means to start a
832 # PCP instead of a regular AP. When mode is infrastructure it means connect
833 # to a PCP instead of AP. In this mode you can also specify 2 (don't care)
834 # which means connect to either PCP or AP.
835 # P2P_GO and P2P_GROUP_FORMATION modes must use PBSS in IEEE 802.11ad network.
836 # For more details, see IEEE Std 802.11ad-2012.
838 # scan_freq: List of frequencies to scan
839 # Space-separated list of frequencies in MHz to scan when searching for this
840 # BSS. If the subset of channels used by the network is known, this option can
841 # be used to optimize scanning to not occur on channels that the network does
842 # not use. Example: scan_freq=2412 2437 2462
844 # freq_list: Array of allowed frequencies
845 # Space-separated list of frequencies in MHz to allow for selecting the BSS. If
846 # set, scan results that do not match any of the specified frequencies are not
847 # considered when selecting a BSS.
849 # This can also be set on the outside of the network block. In this case,
850 # it limits the frequencies that will be scanned.
852 # bgscan: Background scanning
853 # wpa_supplicant behavior for background scanning can be specified by
854 # configuring a bgscan module. These modules are responsible for requesting
855 # background scans for the purpose of roaming within an ESS (i.e., within a
856 # single network block with all the APs using the same SSID). The bgscan
857 # parameter uses following format: "<bgscan module name>:<module parameters>"
858 # Following bgscan modules are available:
859 # simple - Periodic background scans based on signal strength
860 # bgscan="simple:<short bgscan interval in seconds>:<signal strength threshold>:
862 # bgscan="simple:30:-45:300"
863 # learn - Learn channels used by the network and try to avoid bgscans on other
864 # channels (experimental)
865 # bgscan="learn:<short bgscan interval in seconds>:<signal strength threshold>:
866 # <long interval>[:<database file name>]"
867 # bgscan="learn:30:-45:300:/etc/wpa_supplicant/network1.bgscan"
868 # Explicitly disable bgscan by setting
871 # This option can also be set outside of all network blocks for the bgscan
872 # parameter to apply for all the networks that have no specific bgscan
875 # proto: list of accepted protocols
876 # WPA = WPA/IEEE 802.11i/D3.0
877 # RSN = WPA2/IEEE 802.11i (also WPA2 can be used as an alias for RSN)
878 # Note that RSN is used also for WPA3.
879 # If not set, this defaults to: WPA RSN
881 # key_mgmt: list of accepted authenticated key management protocols
882 # WPA-PSK = WPA pre-shared key (this requires 'psk' field)
883 # WPA-EAP = WPA using EAP authentication
884 # IEEE8021X = IEEE 802.1X using EAP authentication and (optionally) dynamically
886 # NONE = WPA is not used; plaintext or static WEP could be used
887 # WPA-NONE = WPA-None for IBSS (deprecated; use proto=RSN key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
889 # FT-PSK = Fast BSS Transition (IEEE 802.11r) with pre-shared key
890 # FT-EAP = Fast BSS Transition (IEEE 802.11r) with EAP authentication
891 # FT-EAP-SHA384 = Fast BSS Transition (IEEE 802.11r) with EAP authentication
893 # WPA-PSK-SHA256 = Like WPA-PSK but using stronger SHA256-based algorithms
894 # WPA-EAP-SHA256 = Like WPA-EAP but using stronger SHA256-based algorithms
895 # SAE = Simultaneous authentication of equals; pre-shared key/password -based
896 # authentication with stronger security than WPA-PSK especially when using
897 # not that strong password; a.k.a. WPA3-Personal
898 # FT-SAE = SAE with FT
899 # WPA-EAP-SUITE-B = Suite B 128-bit level
900 # WPA-EAP-SUITE-B-192 = Suite B 192-bit level
901 # OSEN = Hotspot 2.0 Rel 2 online signup connection
902 # FILS-SHA256 = Fast Initial Link Setup with SHA256
903 # FILS-SHA384 = Fast Initial Link Setup with SHA384
904 # FT-FILS-SHA256 = FT and Fast Initial Link Setup with SHA256
905 # FT-FILS-SHA384 = FT and Fast Initial Link Setup with SHA384
906 # OWE = Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (a.k.a. Enhanced Open)
907 # DPP = Device Provisioning Protocol
908 # If not set, this defaults to: WPA-PSK WPA-EAP
910 # ieee80211w: whether management frame protection is enabled
911 # 0 = disabled (default unless changed with the global pmf parameter)
914 # The most common configuration options for this based on the PMF (protected
915 # management frames) certification program are:
916 # PMF enabled: ieee80211w=1 and key_mgmt=WPA-EAP WPA-EAP-SHA256
917 # PMF required: ieee80211w=2 and key_mgmt=WPA-EAP-SHA256
918 # (and similarly for WPA-PSK and WPA-WPSK-SHA256 if WPA2-Personal is used)
920 # ocv: whether operating channel validation is enabled
921 # This is a countermeasure against multi-channel man-in-the-middle attacks.
922 # Enabling this automatically also enables ieee80211w, if not yet enabled.
923 # 0 = disabled (default)
927 # auth_alg: list of allowed IEEE 802.11 authentication algorithms
928 # OPEN = Open System authentication (required for WPA/WPA2)
929 # SHARED = Shared Key authentication (requires static WEP keys)
930 # LEAP = LEAP/Network EAP (only used with LEAP)
931 # If not set, automatic selection is used (Open System with LEAP enabled if
932 # LEAP is allowed as one of the EAP methods).
934 # pairwise: list of accepted pairwise (unicast) ciphers for WPA
935 # CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC [RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]
936 # TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol [IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]
937 # NONE = Use only Group Keys (deprecated, should not be included if APs support
939 # If not set, this defaults to: CCMP TKIP
941 # group: list of accepted group (broadcast/multicast) ciphers for WPA
942 # CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC [RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]
943 # TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol [IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]
944 # WEP104 = WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) with 104-bit key
945 # WEP40 = WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) with 40-bit key [IEEE 802.11]
946 # If not set, this defaults to: CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40
948 # group_mgmt: list of accepted group management ciphers for RSN (PMF)
949 # AES-128-CMAC = BIP-CMAC-128
953 # If not set, no constraint on the cipher, i.e., accept whichever cipher the AP
956 # psk: WPA preshared key; 256-bit pre-shared key
957 # The key used in WPA-PSK mode can be entered either as 64 hex-digits, i.e.,
958 # 32 bytes or as an ASCII passphrase (in which case, the real PSK will be
959 # generated using the passphrase and SSID). ASCII passphrase must be between
960 # 8 and 63 characters (inclusive). ext:<name of external PSK field> format can
961 # be used to indicate that the PSK/passphrase is stored in external storage.
962 # This field is not needed, if WPA-EAP is used.
963 # Note: Separate tool, wpa_passphrase, can be used to generate 256-bit keys
964 # from ASCII passphrase. This process uses lot of CPU and wpa_supplicant
965 # startup and reconfiguration time can be optimized by generating the PSK only
966 # only when the passphrase or SSID has actually changed.
968 # mem_only_psk: Whether to keep PSK/passphrase only in memory
969 # 0 = allow psk/passphrase to be stored to the configuration file
970 # 1 = do not store psk/passphrase to the configuration file
973 # sae_password: SAE password
974 # This parameter can be used to set a password for SAE. By default, the
975 # passphrase from the psk parameter is used if this separate parameter is not
976 # used, but psk follows the WPA-PSK constraints (8..63 characters) even though
977 # SAE passwords do not have such constraints.
979 # sae_password_id: SAE password identifier
980 # This parameter can be used to set an identifier for the SAE password. By
981 # default, no such identifier is used. If set, the specified identifier value
982 # is used by the other peer to select which password to use for authentication.
984 # eapol_flags: IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL options (bit field)
985 # Dynamic WEP key required for non-WPA mode
986 # bit0 (1): require dynamically generated unicast WEP key
987 # bit1 (2): require dynamically generated broadcast WEP key
988 # (3 = require both keys; default)
989 # Note: When using wired authentication (including MACsec drivers),
990 # eapol_flags must be set to 0 for the authentication to be completed
993 # macsec_policy: IEEE 802.1X/MACsec options
994 # This determines how sessions are secured with MACsec (only for MACsec
996 # 0: MACsec not in use (default)
997 # 1: MACsec enabled - Should secure, accept key server's advice to
998 # determine whether to use a secure session or not.
1000 # macsec_integ_only: IEEE 802.1X/MACsec transmit mode
1001 # This setting applies only when MACsec is in use, i.e.,
1002 # - macsec_policy is enabled
1003 # - the key server has decided to enable MACsec
1004 # 0: Encrypt traffic (default)
1007 # macsec_replay_protect: IEEE 802.1X/MACsec replay protection
1008 # This setting applies only when MACsec is in use, i.e.,
1009 # - macsec_policy is enabled
1010 # - the key server has decided to enable MACsec
1011 # 0: Replay protection disabled (default)
1012 # 1: Replay protection enabled
1014 # macsec_replay_window: IEEE 802.1X/MACsec replay protection window
1015 # This determines a window in which replay is tolerated, to allow receipt
1016 # of frames that have been misordered by the network.
1017 # This setting applies only when MACsec replay protection active, i.e.,
1018 # - macsec_replay_protect is enabled
1019 # - the key server has decided to enable MACsec
1020 # 0: No replay window, strict check (default)
1021 # 1..2^32-1: number of packets that could be misordered
1023 # macsec_port: IEEE 802.1X/MACsec port
1024 # Port component of the SCI
1025 # Range: 1-65534 (default: 1)
1027 # mka_cak, mka_ckn, and mka_priority: IEEE 802.1X/MACsec pre-shared key mode
1028 # This allows to configure MACsec with a pre-shared key using a (CAK,CKN) pair.
1029 # In this mode, instances of wpa_supplicant can act as MACsec peers. The peer
1030 # with lower priority will become the key server and start distributing SAKs.
1031 # mka_cak (CAK = Secure Connectivity Association Key) takes a 16-byte (128-bit)
1032 # hex-string (32 hex-digits) or a 32-byte (256-bit) hex-string (64 hex-digits)
1033 # mka_ckn (CKN = CAK Name) takes a 1..32-bytes (8..256 bit) hex-string
1034 # (2..64 hex-digits)
1035 # mka_priority (Priority of MKA Actor) is in 0..255 range with 255 being
1038 # mixed_cell: This option can be used to configure whether so called mixed
1039 # cells, i.e., networks that use both plaintext and encryption in the same
1040 # SSID, are allowed when selecting a BSS from scan results.
1041 # 0 = disabled (default)
1044 # proactive_key_caching:
1045 # Enable/disable opportunistic PMKSA caching for WPA2.
1046 # 0 = disabled (default unless changed with the global okc parameter)
1049 # ft_eap_pmksa_caching:
1050 # Whether FT-EAP PMKSA caching is allowed
1051 # 0 = do not try to use PMKSA caching with FT-EAP (default)
1052 # 1 = try to use PMKSA caching with FT-EAP
1053 # This controls whether to try to use PMKSA caching with FT-EAP for the
1054 # FT initial mobility domain association.
1055 #ft_eap_pmksa_caching=0
1057 # wep_key0..3: Static WEP key (ASCII in double quotation, e.g. "abcde" or
1058 # hex without quotation, e.g., 0102030405)
1059 # wep_tx_keyidx: Default WEP key index (TX) (0..3)
1061 # wpa_ptk_rekey: Maximum lifetime for PTK in seconds. This can be used to
1062 # enforce rekeying of PTK to mitigate some attacks against TKIP deficiencies.
1064 # group_rekey: Group rekeying time in seconds. This value, if non-zero, is used
1065 # as the dot11RSNAConfigGroupRekeyTime parameter when operating in
1066 # Authenticator role in IBSS, or in AP and mesh modes.
1068 # Following fields are only used with internal EAP implementation.
1069 # eap: space-separated list of accepted EAP methods
1070 # MD5 = EAP-MD5 (insecure and does not generate keying material ->
1071 # cannot be used with WPA; to be used as a Phase 2 method
1072 # with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)
1073 # MSCHAPV2 = EAP-MSCHAPv2 (cannot be used separately with WPA; to be used
1074 # as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)
1075 # OTP = EAP-OTP (cannot be used separately with WPA; to be used
1076 # as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)
1077 # GTC = EAP-GTC (cannot be used separately with WPA; to be used
1078 # as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)
1079 # TLS = EAP-TLS (client and server certificate)
1080 # PEAP = EAP-PEAP (with tunnelled EAP authentication)
1081 # TTLS = EAP-TTLS (with tunnelled EAP or PAP/CHAP/MSCHAP/MSCHAPV2
1083 # If not set, all compiled in methods are allowed.
1085 # identity: Identity string for EAP
1086 # This field is also used to configure user NAI for
1087 # EAP-PSK/PAX/SAKE/GPSK.
1088 # anonymous_identity: Anonymous identity string for EAP (to be used as the
1089 # unencrypted identity with EAP types that support different tunnelled
1090 # identity, e.g., EAP-TTLS). This field can also be used with
1091 # EAP-SIM/AKA/AKA' to store the pseudonym identity.
1092 # password: Password string for EAP. This field can include either the
1093 # plaintext password (using ASCII or hex string) or a NtPasswordHash
1094 # (16-byte MD4 hash of password) in hash:<32 hex digits> format.
1095 # NtPasswordHash can only be used when the password is for MSCHAPv2 or
1096 # MSCHAP (EAP-MSCHAPv2, EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2, EAP-TTLS/MSCHAP, LEAP).
1097 # EAP-PSK (128-bit PSK), EAP-PAX (128-bit PSK), and EAP-SAKE (256-bit
1098 # PSK) is also configured using this field. For EAP-GPSK, this is a
1099 # variable length PSK. ext:<name of external password field> format can
1100 # be used to indicate that the password is stored in external storage.
1101 # ca_cert: File path to CA certificate file (PEM/DER). This file can have one
1102 # or more trusted CA certificates. If ca_cert and ca_path are not
1103 # included, server certificate will not be verified. This is insecure and
1104 # a trusted CA certificate should always be configured when using
1105 # EAP-TLS/TTLS/PEAP. Full path should be used since working directory may
1106 # change when wpa_supplicant is run in the background.
1108 # Alternatively, this can be used to only perform matching of the server
1109 # certificate (SHA-256 hash of the DER encoded X.509 certificate). In
1110 # this case, the possible CA certificates in the server certificate chain
1111 # are ignored and only the server certificate is verified. This is
1112 # configured with the following format:
1113 # hash:://server/sha256/cert_hash_in_hex
1114 # For example: "hash://server/sha256/
1115 # 5a1bc1296205e6fdbe3979728efe3920798885c1c4590b5f90f43222d239ca6a"
1117 # On Windows, trusted CA certificates can be loaded from the system
1118 # certificate store by setting this to cert_store://<name>, e.g.,
1119 # ca_cert="cert_store://CA" or ca_cert="cert_store://ROOT".
1120 # Note that when running wpa_supplicant as an application, the user
1121 # certificate store (My user account) is used, whereas computer store
1122 # (Computer account) is used when running wpasvc as a service.
1123 # ca_path: Directory path for CA certificate files (PEM). This path may
1124 # contain multiple CA certificates in OpenSSL format. Common use for this
1125 # is to point to system trusted CA list which is often installed into
1126 # directory like /etc/ssl/certs. If configured, these certificates are
1127 # added to the list of trusted CAs. ca_cert may also be included in that
1128 # case, but it is not required.
1129 # client_cert: File path to client certificate file (PEM/DER)
1130 # Full path should be used since working directory may change when
1131 # wpa_supplicant is run in the background.
1132 # Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by setting this
1133 # to blob://<blob name>.
1134 # private_key: File path to client private key file (PEM/DER/PFX)
1135 # When PKCS#12/PFX file (.p12/.pfx) is used, client_cert should be
1136 # commented out. Both the private key and certificate will be read from
1137 # the PKCS#12 file in this case. Full path should be used since working
1138 # directory may change when wpa_supplicant is run in the background.
1139 # Windows certificate store can be used by leaving client_cert out and
1140 # configuring private_key in one of the following formats:
1141 # cert://substring_to_match
1142 # hash://certificate_thumbprint_in_hex
1143 # for example: private_key="hash://63093aa9c47f56ae88334c7b65a4"
1144 # Note that when running wpa_supplicant as an application, the user
1145 # certificate store (My user account) is used, whereas computer store
1146 # (Computer account) is used when running wpasvc as a service.
1147 # Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by setting this
1148 # to blob://<blob name>.
1149 # private_key_passwd: Password for private key file (if left out, this will be
1150 # asked through control interface)
1151 # dh_file: File path to DH/DSA parameters file (in PEM format)
1152 # This is an optional configuration file for setting parameters for an
1153 # ephemeral DH key exchange. In most cases, the default RSA
1154 # authentication does not use this configuration. However, it is possible
1155 # setup RSA to use ephemeral DH key exchange. In addition, ciphers with
1156 # DSA keys always use ephemeral DH keys. This can be used to achieve
1157 # forward secrecy. If the file is in DSA parameters format, it will be
1158 # automatically converted into DH params.
1159 # subject_match: Substring to be matched against the subject of the
1160 # authentication server certificate. If this string is set, the server
1161 # certificate is only accepted if it contains this string in the subject.
1162 # The subject string is in following format:
1163 # /C=US/ST=CA/L=San Francisco/CN=Test AS/emailAddress=as@example.com
1164 # Note: Since this is a substring match, this cannot be used securely to
1165 # do a suffix match against a possible domain name in the CN entry. For
1166 # such a use case, domain_suffix_match or domain_match should be used
1168 # altsubject_match: Semicolon separated string of entries to be matched against
1169 # the alternative subject name of the authentication server certificate.
1170 # If this string is set, the server certificate is only accepted if it
1171 # contains one of the entries in an alternative subject name extension.
1172 # altSubjectName string is in following format: TYPE:VALUE
1173 # Example: EMAIL:server@example.com
1174 # Example: DNS:server.example.com;DNS:server2.example.com
1175 # Following types are supported: EMAIL, DNS, URI
1176 # domain_suffix_match: Constraint for server domain name. If set, this FQDN is
1177 # used as a suffix match requirement for the AAA server certificate in
1178 # SubjectAltName dNSName element(s). If a matching dNSName is found, this
1179 # constraint is met. If no dNSName values are present, this constraint is
1180 # matched against SubjectName CN using same suffix match comparison.
1182 # Suffix match here means that the host/domain name is compared one label
1183 # at a time starting from the top-level domain and all the labels in
1184 # domain_suffix_match shall be included in the certificate. The
1185 # certificate may include additional sub-level labels in addition to the
1188 # More than one match string can be provided by using semicolons to
1189 # separate the strings (e.g., example.org;example.com). When multiple
1190 # strings are specified, a match with any one of the values is considered
1191 # a sufficient match for the certificate, i.e., the conditions are ORed
1194 # For example, domain_suffix_match=example.com would match
1195 # test.example.com but would not match test-example.com.
1196 # domain_match: Constraint for server domain name
1197 # If set, this FQDN is used as a full match requirement for the
1198 # server certificate in SubjectAltName dNSName element(s). If a
1199 # matching dNSName is found, this constraint is met. If no dNSName
1200 # values are present, this constraint is matched against SubjectName CN
1201 # using same full match comparison. This behavior is similar to
1202 # domain_suffix_match, but has the requirement of a full match, i.e.,
1203 # no subdomains or wildcard matches are allowed. Case-insensitive
1204 # comparison is used, so "Example.com" matches "example.com", but would
1205 # not match "test.Example.com".
1207 # More than one match string can be provided by using semicolons to
1208 # separate the strings (e.g., example.org;example.com). When multiple
1209 # strings are specified, a match with any one of the values is considered
1210 # a sufficient match for the certificate, i.e., the conditions are ORed
1212 # phase1: Phase1 (outer authentication, i.e., TLS tunnel) parameters
1213 # (string with field-value pairs, e.g., "peapver=0" or
1214 # "peapver=1 peaplabel=1")
1215 # 'peapver' can be used to force which PEAP version (0 or 1) is used.
1216 # 'peaplabel=1' can be used to force new label, "client PEAP encryption",
1217 # to be used during key derivation when PEAPv1 or newer. Most existing
1218 # PEAPv1 implementation seem to be using the old label, "client EAP
1219 # encryption", and wpa_supplicant is now using that as the default value.
1220 # Some servers, e.g., Radiator, may require peaplabel=1 configuration to
1221 # interoperate with PEAPv1; see eap_testing.txt for more details.
1222 # 'peap_outer_success=0' can be used to terminate PEAP authentication on
1223 # tunneled EAP-Success. This is required with some RADIUS servers that
1224 # implement draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls-eap-05.txt (e.g.,
1225 # Lucent NavisRadius v4.4.0 with PEAP in "IETF Draft 5" mode)
1226 # include_tls_length=1 can be used to force wpa_supplicant to include
1227 # TLS Message Length field in all TLS messages even if they are not
1229 # sim_min_num_chal=3 can be used to configure EAP-SIM to require three
1230 # challenges (by default, it accepts 2 or 3)
1231 # result_ind=1 can be used to enable EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA to use
1232 # protected result indication.
1233 # 'crypto_binding' option can be used to control PEAPv0 cryptobinding
1235 # * 0 = do not use cryptobinding (default)
1236 # * 1 = use cryptobinding if server supports it
1237 # * 2 = require cryptobinding
1238 # EAP-WSC (WPS) uses following options: pin=<Device Password> or
1241 # For wired IEEE 802.1X authentication, "allow_canned_success=1" can be
1242 # used to configure a mode that allows EAP-Success (and EAP-Failure)
1243 # without going through authentication step. Some switches use such
1244 # sequence when forcing the port to be authorized/unauthorized or as a
1245 # fallback option if the authentication server is unreachable. By default,
1246 # wpa_supplicant discards such frames to protect against potential attacks
1247 # by rogue devices, but this option can be used to disable that protection
1248 # for cases where the server/authenticator does not need to be
1250 # phase2: Phase2 (inner authentication with TLS tunnel) parameters
1251 # (string with field-value pairs, e.g., "auth=MSCHAPV2" for EAP-PEAP or
1252 # "autheap=MSCHAPV2 autheap=MD5" for EAP-TTLS). "mschapv2_retry=0" can be
1253 # used to disable MSCHAPv2 password retry in authentication failure cases.
1255 # TLS-based methods can use the following parameters to control TLS behavior
1256 # (these are normally in the phase1 parameter, but can be used also in the
1257 # phase2 parameter when EAP-TLS is used within the inner tunnel):
1258 # tls_allow_md5=1 - allow MD5-based certificate signatures (depending on the
1259 # TLS library, these may be disabled by default to enforce stronger
1261 # tls_disable_time_checks=1 - ignore certificate validity time (this requests
1262 # the TLS library to accept certificates even if they are not currently
1263 # valid, i.e., have expired or have not yet become valid; this should be
1264 # used only for testing purposes)
1265 # tls_disable_session_ticket=1 - disable TLS Session Ticket extension
1266 # tls_disable_session_ticket=0 - allow TLS Session Ticket extension to be used
1267 # Note: If not set, this is automatically set to 1 for EAP-TLS/PEAP/TTLS
1268 # as a workaround for broken authentication server implementations unless
1269 # EAP workarounds are disabled with eap_workaround=0.
1270 # For EAP-FAST, this must be set to 0 (or left unconfigured for the
1271 # default value to be used automatically).
1272 # tls_disable_tlsv1_0=1 - disable use of TLSv1.0
1273 # tls_disable_tlsv1_0=0 - explicitly enable use of TLSv1.0 (this allows
1274 # systemwide TLS policies to be overridden)
1275 # tls_disable_tlsv1_1=1 - disable use of TLSv1.1 (a workaround for AAA servers
1276 # that have issues interoperating with updated TLS version)
1277 # tls_disable_tlsv1_1=0 - explicitly enable use of TLSv1.1 (this allows
1278 # systemwide TLS policies to be overridden)
1279 # tls_disable_tlsv1_2=1 - disable use of TLSv1.2 (a workaround for AAA servers
1280 # that have issues interoperating with updated TLS version)
1281 # tls_disable_tlsv1_2=0 - explicitly enable use of TLSv1.2 (this allows
1282 # systemwide TLS policies to be overridden)
1283 # tls_disable_tlsv1_3=1 - disable use of TLSv1.3 (a workaround for AAA servers
1284 # that have issues interoperating with updated TLS version)
1285 # tls_disable_tlsv1_3=0 - enable TLSv1.3 (experimental - disabled by default)
1286 # tls_ext_cert_check=0 - No external server certificate validation (default)
1287 # tls_ext_cert_check=1 - External server certificate validation enabled; this
1288 # requires an external program doing validation of server certificate
1289 # chain when receiving CTRL-RSP-EXT_CERT_CHECK event from the control
1290 # interface and report the result of the validation with
1291 # CTRL-RSP_EXT_CERT_CHECK.
1292 # tls_suiteb=0 - do not apply Suite B 192-bit constraints on TLS (default)
1293 # tls_suiteb=1 - apply Suite B 192-bit constraints on TLS; this is used in
1294 # particular when using Suite B with RSA keys of >= 3K (3072) bits
1296 # Following certificate/private key fields are used in inner Phase2
1297 # authentication when using EAP-TTLS or EAP-PEAP.
1298 # ca_cert2: File path to CA certificate file. This file can have one or more
1299 # trusted CA certificates. If ca_cert2 and ca_path2 are not included,
1300 # server certificate will not be verified. This is insecure and a trusted
1301 # CA certificate should always be configured.
1302 # ca_path2: Directory path for CA certificate files (PEM)
1303 # client_cert2: File path to client certificate file
1304 # private_key2: File path to client private key file
1305 # private_key2_passwd: Password for private key file
1306 # dh_file2: File path to DH/DSA parameters file (in PEM format)
1307 # subject_match2: Substring to be matched against the subject of the
1308 # authentication server certificate. See subject_match for more details.
1309 # altsubject_match2: Semicolon separated string of entries to be matched
1310 # against the alternative subject name of the authentication server
1311 # certificate. See altsubject_match documentation for more details.
1312 # domain_suffix_match2: Constraint for server domain name. See
1313 # domain_suffix_match for more details.
1315 # fragment_size: Maximum EAP fragment size in bytes (default 1398).
1316 # This value limits the fragment size for EAP methods that support
1317 # fragmentation (e.g., EAP-TLS and EAP-PEAP). This value should be set
1318 # small enough to make the EAP messages fit in MTU of the network
1319 # interface used for EAPOL. The default value is suitable for most
1322 # ocsp: Whether to use/require OCSP to check server certificate
1323 # 0 = do not use OCSP stapling (TLS certificate status extension)
1324 # 1 = try to use OCSP stapling, but not require response
1325 # 2 = require valid OCSP stapling response
1326 # 3 = require valid OCSP stapling response for all not-trusted
1327 # certificates in the server certificate chain
1329 # openssl_ciphers: OpenSSL specific cipher configuration
1330 # This can be used to override the global openssl_ciphers configuration
1331 # parameter (see above).
1333 # erp: Whether EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP) is enabled
1335 # EAP-FAST variables:
1336 # pac_file: File path for the PAC entries. wpa_supplicant will need to be able
1337 # to create this file and write updates to it when PAC is being
1338 # provisioned or refreshed. Full path to the file should be used since
1339 # working directory may change when wpa_supplicant is run in the
1340 # background. Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by
1341 # setting this to blob://<blob name>
1342 # phase1: fast_provisioning option can be used to enable in-line provisioning
1343 # of EAP-FAST credentials (PAC):
1345 # 1 = allow unauthenticated provisioning,
1346 # 2 = allow authenticated provisioning,
1347 # 3 = allow both unauthenticated and authenticated provisioning
1348 # fast_max_pac_list_len=<num> option can be used to set the maximum
1349 # number of PAC entries to store in a PAC list (default: 10)
1350 # fast_pac_format=binary option can be used to select binary format for
1351 # storing PAC entries in order to save some space (the default
1352 # text format uses about 2.5 times the size of minimal binary
1355 # wpa_supplicant supports number of "EAP workarounds" to work around
1356 # interoperability issues with incorrectly behaving authentication servers.
1357 # These are enabled by default because some of the issues are present in large
1358 # number of authentication servers. Strict EAP conformance mode can be
1359 # configured by disabling workarounds with eap_workaround=0.
1361 # update_identifier: PPS MO ID
1362 # (Hotspot 2.0 PerProviderSubscription/UpdateIdentifier)
1364 # roaming_consortium_selection: Roaming Consortium Selection
1365 # The matching Roaming Consortium OI that was used to generate this
1368 # Station inactivity limit
1370 # If a station does not send anything in ap_max_inactivity seconds, an
1371 # empty data frame is sent to it in order to verify whether it is
1372 # still in range. If this frame is not ACKed, the station will be
1373 # disassociated and then deauthenticated. This feature is used to
1374 # clear station table of old entries when the STAs move out of the
1377 # The station can associate again with the AP if it is still in range;
1378 # this inactivity poll is just used as a nicer way of verifying
1379 # inactivity; i.e., client will not report broken connection because
1380 # disassociation frame is not sent immediately without first polling
1381 # the STA with a data frame.
1382 # default: 300 (i.e., 5 minutes)
1383 #ap_max_inactivity=300
1385 # DTIM period in Beacon intervals for AP mode (default: 2)
1388 # Beacon interval (default: 100 TU)
1392 # 0 = WPS enabled and configured (default)
1397 # 0 = PFS disabled with FILS shared key authentication (default)
1398 # 1-65535 = DH Group to use for FILS PFS
1401 # MAC address policy
1402 # 0 = use permanent MAC address
1403 # 1 = use random MAC address for each ESS connection
1404 # 2 = like 1, but maintain OUI (with local admin bit set)
1407 # disable_ht: Whether HT (802.11n) should be disabled.
1408 # 0 = HT enabled (if AP supports it)
1411 # disable_ht40: Whether HT-40 (802.11n) should be disabled.
1412 # 0 = HT-40 enabled (if AP supports it)
1413 # 1 = HT-40 disabled
1415 # disable_sgi: Whether SGI (short guard interval) should be disabled.
1416 # 0 = SGI enabled (if AP supports it)
1419 # disable_ldpc: Whether LDPC should be disabled.
1420 # 0 = LDPC enabled (if AP supports it)
1423 # ht40_intolerant: Whether 40 MHz intolerant should be indicated.
1424 # 0 = 40 MHz tolerant (default)
1425 # 1 = 40 MHz intolerant
1427 # ht_mcs: Configure allowed MCS rates.
1428 # Parsed as an array of bytes, in base-16 (ascii-hex)
1429 # ht_mcs="" // Use all available (default)
1430 # ht_mcs="0xff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 " // Use MCS 0-7 only
1431 # ht_mcs="0xff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 " // Use MCS 0-15 only
1433 # disable_max_amsdu: Whether MAX_AMSDU should be disabled.
1434 # -1 = Do not make any changes.
1435 # 0 = Enable MAX-AMSDU if hardware supports it.
1438 # ampdu_factor: Maximum A-MPDU Length Exponent
1439 # Value: 0-3, see 7.3.2.56.3 in IEEE Std 802.11n-2009.
1441 # ampdu_density: Allow overriding AMPDU density configuration.
1442 # Treated as hint by the kernel.
1443 # -1 = Do not make any changes.
1444 # 0-3 = Set AMPDU density (aka factor) to specified value.
1446 # tx_stbc: Allow overriding STBC support for TX streams
1447 # Value: 0-1, see IEEE Std 802.11-2016, 9.4.2.56.2.
1448 # -1 = Do not make any changes (default)
1449 # 0 = Set if not supported
1450 # 1 = Set if supported
1452 # rx_stbc: Allow overriding STBC support for RX streams
1453 # Value: 0-3, see IEEE Std 802.11-2016, 9.4.2.56.2.
1454 # -1 = Do not make any changes (default)
1455 # 0 = Set if not supported
1456 # 1 = Set for support of one spatial stream
1457 # 2 = Set for support of one and two spatial streams
1458 # 3 = Set for support of one, two and three spatial streams
1460 # disable_vht: Whether VHT should be disabled.
1461 # 0 = VHT enabled (if AP supports it)
1464 # vht_capa: VHT capabilities to set in the override
1465 # vht_capa_mask: mask of VHT capabilities
1467 # vht_rx_mcs_nss_1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8: override the MCS set for RX NSS 1-8
1468 # vht_tx_mcs_nss_1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8: override the MCS set for TX NSS 1-8
1474 # multi_ap_backhaul_sta: Multi-AP backhaul STA functionality
1475 # 0 = normal STA (default)
1477 # A backhaul STA sends the Multi-AP IE, fails to associate if the AP does not
1478 # support Multi-AP, and sets 4-address mode if it does. Thus, the netdev can be
1479 # added to a bridge to allow forwarding frames over this backhaul link.
1481 ##### Fast Session Transfer (FST) support #####################################
1483 # The options in this section are only available when the build configuration
1484 # option CONFIG_FST is set while compiling wpa_supplicant. They allow this
1485 # interface to be a part of FST setup.
1487 # FST is the transfer of a session from a channel to another channel, in the
1488 # same or different frequency bands.
1490 # For details, see IEEE Std 802.11ad-2012.
1492 # Identifier of an FST Group the interface belongs to.
1495 # Interface priority within the FST Group.
1496 # Announcing a higher priority for an interface means declaring it more
1497 # preferable for FST switch.
1498 # fst_priority is in 1..255 range with 1 being the lowest priority.
1501 # Default LLT value for this interface in milliseconds. The value used in case
1502 # no value provided during session setup. Default is 50 msec.
1503 # fst_llt is in 1..4294967 range (due to spec limitation, see 10.32.2.2
1504 # Transitioning between states).
1507 # BSS Transition Management
1508 # disable_btm - Disable BSS transition management in STA
1509 # Set to 0 to enable BSS transition management (default behavior)
1510 # Set to 1 to disable BSS transition management
1515 # Simple case: WPA-PSK, PSK as an ASCII passphrase, allow all valid ciphers
1518 psk="very secret passphrase"
1522 # Same as previous, but request SSID-specific scanning (for APs that reject
1527 psk="very secret passphrase"
1531 # Only WPA-PSK is used. Any valid cipher combination is accepted.
1537 group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40
1538 psk=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029d4ab3db7a23ee92382eb0106c72ac7bb
1542 # WPA-Personal(PSK) with TKIP and enforcement for frequent PTK rekeying
1549 psk="not so secure passphrase"
1553 # Only WPA-EAP is used. Both CCMP and TKIP is accepted. An AP that used WEP104
1554 # or WEP40 as the group cipher will not be accepted.
1562 identity="user@example.com"
1563 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1564 client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem"
1565 private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv"
1566 private_key_passwd="password"
1570 # EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 configuration for RADIUS servers that use the new peaplabel
1576 identity="user@example.com"
1578 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1579 phase1="peaplabel=1"
1580 phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2"
1584 # EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge configuration with anonymous identity for the
1585 # unencrypted use. Real identity is sent only within an encrypted TLS tunnel.
1590 identity="user@example.com"
1591 anonymous_identity="anonymous@example.com"
1593 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1597 # EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 configuration with anonymous identity for the unencrypted
1598 # use. Real identity is sent only within an encrypted TLS tunnel.
1603 identity="user@example.com"
1604 anonymous_identity="anonymous@example.com"
1606 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1607 phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2"
1610 # WPA-EAP, EAP-TTLS with different CA certificate used for outer and inner
1616 # Phase1 / outer authentication
1617 anonymous_identity="anonymous@example.com"
1618 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1619 # Phase 2 / inner authentication
1620 phase2="autheap=TLS"
1621 ca_cert2="/etc/cert/ca2.pem"
1622 client_cert2="/etc/cer/user.pem"
1623 private_key2="/etc/cer/user.prv"
1624 private_key2_passwd="password"
1628 # Both WPA-PSK and WPA-EAP is accepted. Only CCMP is accepted as pairwise and
1632 bssid=00:11:22:33:44:55
1634 key_mgmt=WPA-PSK WPA-EAP
1637 psk=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029d4ab3db7a23ee92382eb0106c72ac7bb
1640 # Special characters in SSID, so use hex string. Default to WPA-PSK, WPA-EAP
1641 # and all valid ciphers.
1644 psk=000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f
1648 # EAP-SIM with a GSM SIM or USIM
1663 anonymous_identity="eap_psk_user"
1664 password=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029
1665 identity="eap_psk_user@example.com"
1669 # IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL with dynamically generated WEP keys (i.e., no WPA) using
1670 # EAP-TLS for authentication and key generation; require both unicast and
1671 # broadcast WEP keys.
1676 identity="user@example.com"
1677 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1678 client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem"
1679 private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv"
1680 private_key_passwd="password"
1685 # LEAP with dynamic WEP keys
1694 # EAP-IKEv2 using shared secrets for both server and peer authentication
1696 ssid="ikev2-example"
1703 # EAP-FAST with WPA (WPA or WPA2)
1705 ssid="eap-fast-test"
1708 anonymous_identity="FAST-000102030405"
1711 phase1="fast_provisioning=1"
1712 pac_file="/etc/wpa_supplicant.eap-fast-pac"
1716 ssid="eap-fast-test"
1719 anonymous_identity="FAST-000102030405"
1722 phase1="fast_provisioning=1"
1723 pac_file="blob://eap-fast-pac"
1726 # Plaintext connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X)
1728 ssid="plaintext-test"
1733 # Shared WEP key connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X)
1735 ssid="static-wep-test"
1739 wep_key2="1234567890123"
1745 # Shared WEP key connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X) using Shared Key
1746 # IEEE 802.11 authentication
1748 ssid="static-wep-test2"
1752 wep_key2="1234567890123"
1759 # IBSS/ad-hoc network with RSN
1771 # IBSS/ad-hoc network with WPA-None/TKIP (deprecated)
1780 psk="secret passphrase"
1791 # secure (SAE + AMPE) network
1797 psk="very secret passphrase"
1801 # Catch all example that allows more or less all configuration modes
1805 key_mgmt=WPA-EAP WPA-PSK IEEE8021X NONE
1807 group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40
1808 psk="very secret passphrase"
1810 identity="user@example.com"
1812 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1813 client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem"
1814 private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv"
1815 private_key_passwd="password"
1816 phase1="peaplabel=0"
1819 # Example of EAP-TLS with smartcard (openssl engine)
1827 identity="user@example.com"
1828 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1830 # Certificate and/or key identified by PKCS#11 URI (RFC7512)
1831 client_cert="pkcs11:manufacturer=piv_II;id=%01"
1832 private_key="pkcs11:manufacturer=piv_II;id=%01"
1834 # Optional PIN configuration; this can be left out and PIN will be
1835 # asked through the control interface
1839 # Example configuration showing how to use an inlined blob as a CA certificate
1840 # data instead of using external file
1845 identity="user@example.com"
1846 anonymous_identity="anonymous@example.com"
1848 ca_cert="blob://exampleblob"
1852 blob-base64-exampleblob={
1853 SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg==
1857 # Wildcard match for SSID (plaintext APs only). This example select any
1858 # open AP regardless of its SSID.
1863 # Example configuration blacklisting two APs - these will be ignored
1867 psk="very secret passphrase"
1868 bssid_blacklist=02:11:22:33:44:55 02:22:aa:44:55:66
1871 # Example configuration limiting AP selection to a specific set of APs;
1872 # any other AP not matching the masked address will be ignored.
1875 psk="very secret passphrase"
1876 bssid_whitelist=02:55:ae:bc:00:00/ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00 00:00:77:66:55:44/00:00:ff:ff:ff:ff
1879 # Example config file that will only scan on channel 36.
1886 # Example configuration using EAP-TTLS for authentication and key
1887 # generation for MACsec
1892 anonymous_identity="anonymous@example.com"
1893 identity="user@example.com"
1895 ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
1900 # Example configuration for MACsec with preshared key
1905 mka_cak=0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF
1906 mka_ckn=6162636465666768696A6B6C6D6E6F707172737475767778797A303132333435