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1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
6  * NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc.
7  * under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the
8  * DARPA CHATS research program.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 /*
32  * Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Damien Miller <djm@mindrot.org>
33  * Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Darren Tucker <dtucker@zip.com.au>
34  *
35  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
36  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
37  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
38  *
39  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
40  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
41  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
42  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
43  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
44  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
45  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
46  */
47
48 /* Based on FreeBSD: src/crypto/openssh/auth2-pam-freebsd.c,v 1.11 2003/03/31 13:48:18 des */
49
50 #include "includes.h"
51
52 #include <sys/types.h>
53 #include <sys/stat.h>
54 #include <sys/wait.h>
55
56 #include <errno.h>
57 #include <signal.h>
58 #include <stdarg.h>
59 #include <string.h>
60 #include <unistd.h>
61
62 #ifdef USE_PAM
63 #if defined(HAVE_SECURITY_PAM_APPL_H)
64 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
65 #elif defined (HAVE_PAM_PAM_APPL_H)
66 #include <pam/pam_appl.h>
67 #endif
68
69 #if !defined(SSHD_PAM_SERVICE)
70 extern char *__progname;
71 # define SSHD_PAM_SERVICE               __progname
72 #endif
73
74 /* OpenGroup RFC86.0 and XSSO specify no "const" on arguments */
75 #ifdef PAM_SUN_CODEBASE
76 # define sshpam_const           /* Solaris, HP-UX, SunOS */
77 #else
78 # define sshpam_const   const   /* LinuxPAM, OpenPAM, AIX */
79 #endif
80
81 /* Ambiguity in spec: is it an array of pointers or a pointer to an array? */
82 #ifdef PAM_SUN_CODEBASE
83 # define PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, n, member) ((*(msg))[(n)].member)
84 #else
85 # define PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, n, member) ((msg)[(n)]->member)
86 #endif
87
88 #include "xmalloc.h"
89 #include "buffer.h"
90 #include "key.h"
91 #include "hostfile.h"
92 #include "auth.h"
93 #include "auth-pam.h"
94 #include "canohost.h"
95 #include "log.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "packet.h"
98 #include "misc.h"
99 #include "servconf.h"
100 #include "ssh2.h"
101 #include "auth-options.h"
102 #ifdef GSSAPI
103 #include "ssh-gss.h"
104 #endif
105 #include "monitor_wrap.h"
106 #include "blacklist_client.h"
107
108 extern ServerOptions options;
109 extern Buffer loginmsg;
110 extern int compat20;
111 extern u_int utmp_len;
112
113 /* so we don't silently change behaviour */
114 #ifdef USE_POSIX_THREADS
115 # error "USE_POSIX_THREADS replaced by UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK"
116 #endif
117
118 /*
119  * Formerly known as USE_POSIX_THREADS, using this is completely unsupported
120  * and generally a bad idea.  Use at own risk and do not expect support if
121  * this breaks.
122  */
123 #ifdef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
124 #include <pthread.h>
125 /*
126  * Avoid namespace clash when *not* using pthreads for systems *with*
127  * pthreads, which unconditionally define pthread_t via sys/types.h
128  * (e.g. Linux)
129  */
130 typedef pthread_t sp_pthread_t;
131 #else
132 typedef pid_t sp_pthread_t;
133 #endif
134
135 struct pam_ctxt {
136         sp_pthread_t     pam_thread;
137         int              pam_psock;
138         int              pam_csock;
139         int              pam_done;
140 };
141
142 static void sshpam_free_ctx(void *);
143 static struct pam_ctxt *cleanup_ctxt;
144
145 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
146 /*
147  * Simulate threads with processes.
148  */
149
150 static int sshpam_thread_status = -1;
151 static mysig_t sshpam_oldsig;
152
153 static void
154 sshpam_sigchld_handler(int sig)
155 {
156         signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
157         if (cleanup_ctxt == NULL)
158                 return; /* handler called after PAM cleanup, shouldn't happen */
159         if (waitpid(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, &sshpam_thread_status, WNOHANG)
160             <= 0) {
161                 /* PAM thread has not exitted, privsep slave must have */
162                 kill(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread, SIGTERM);
163                 while (waitpid(cleanup_ctxt->pam_thread,
164                     &sshpam_thread_status, 0) == -1) {
165                         if (errno == EINTR)
166                                 continue;
167                         return;
168                 }
169         }
170         if (WIFSIGNALED(sshpam_thread_status) &&
171             WTERMSIG(sshpam_thread_status) == SIGTERM)
172                 return; /* terminated by pthread_cancel */
173         if (!WIFEXITED(sshpam_thread_status))
174                 sigdie("PAM: authentication thread exited unexpectedly");
175         if (WEXITSTATUS(sshpam_thread_status) != 0)
176                 sigdie("PAM: authentication thread exited uncleanly");
177 }
178
179 /* ARGSUSED */
180 static void
181 pthread_exit(void *value)
182 {
183         _exit(0);
184 }
185
186 /* ARGSUSED */
187 static int
188 pthread_create(sp_pthread_t *thread, const void *attr,
189     void *(*thread_start)(void *), void *arg)
190 {
191         pid_t pid;
192         struct pam_ctxt *ctx = arg;
193
194         sshpam_thread_status = -1;
195         switch ((pid = fork())) {
196         case -1:
197                 error("fork(): %s", strerror(errno));
198                 return (-1);
199         case 0:
200                 close(ctx->pam_psock);
201                 ctx->pam_psock = -1;
202                 thread_start(arg);
203                 _exit(1);
204         default:
205                 *thread = pid;
206                 close(ctx->pam_csock);
207                 ctx->pam_csock = -1;
208                 sshpam_oldsig = signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_sigchld_handler);
209                 return (0);
210         }
211 }
212
213 static int
214 pthread_cancel(sp_pthread_t thread)
215 {
216         signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_oldsig);
217         return (kill(thread, SIGTERM));
218 }
219
220 /* ARGSUSED */
221 static int
222 pthread_join(sp_pthread_t thread, void **value)
223 {
224         int status;
225
226         if (sshpam_thread_status != -1)
227                 return (sshpam_thread_status);
228         signal(SIGCHLD, sshpam_oldsig);
229         while (waitpid(thread, &status, 0) == -1) {
230                 if (errno == EINTR)
231                         continue;
232                 fatal("%s: waitpid: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
233         }
234         return (status);
235 }
236 #endif
237
238
239 static pam_handle_t *sshpam_handle = NULL;
240 static int sshpam_err = 0;
241 static int sshpam_authenticated = 0;
242 static int sshpam_session_open = 0;
243 static int sshpam_cred_established = 0;
244 static int sshpam_account_status = -1;
245 static int sshpam_maxtries_reached = 0;
246 static char **sshpam_env = NULL;
247 static Authctxt *sshpam_authctxt = NULL;
248 static const char *sshpam_password = NULL;
249
250 /* Some PAM implementations don't implement this */
251 #ifndef HAVE_PAM_GETENVLIST
252 static char **
253 pam_getenvlist(pam_handle_t *pamh)
254 {
255         /*
256          * XXX - If necessary, we can still support envrionment passing
257          * for platforms without pam_getenvlist by searching for known
258          * env vars (e.g. KRB5CCNAME) from the PAM environment.
259          */
260          return NULL;
261 }
262 #endif
263
264 /*
265  * Some platforms, notably Solaris, do not enforce password complexity
266  * rules during pam_chauthtok() if the real uid of the calling process
267  * is 0, on the assumption that it's being called by "passwd" run by root.
268  * This wraps pam_chauthtok and sets/restore the real uid so PAM will do
269  * the right thing.
270  */
271 #ifdef SSHPAM_CHAUTHTOK_NEEDS_RUID
272 static int
273 sshpam_chauthtok_ruid(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags)
274 {
275         int result;
276
277         if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
278                 fatal("PAM: sshpam_authctxt not initialized");
279         if (setreuid(sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid, -1) == -1)
280                 fatal("%s: setreuid failed: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
281         result = pam_chauthtok(pamh, flags);
282         if (setreuid(0, -1) == -1)
283                 fatal("%s: setreuid failed: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
284         return result;
285 }
286 # define pam_chauthtok(a,b)     (sshpam_chauthtok_ruid((a), (b)))
287 #endif
288
289 void
290 sshpam_password_change_required(int reqd)
291 {
292         debug3("%s %d", __func__, reqd);
293         if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
294                 fatal("%s: PAM authctxt not initialized", __func__);
295         sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange = reqd;
296         if (reqd) {
297                 no_port_forwarding_flag |= 2;
298                 no_agent_forwarding_flag |= 2;
299                 no_x11_forwarding_flag |= 2;
300         } else {
301                 no_port_forwarding_flag &= ~2;
302                 no_agent_forwarding_flag &= ~2;
303                 no_x11_forwarding_flag &= ~2;
304         }
305 }
306
307 /* Import regular and PAM environment from subprocess */
308 static void
309 import_environments(Buffer *b)
310 {
311         char *env;
312         u_int i, num_env;
313         int err;
314
315         debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
316
317 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
318         /* Import variables set by do_pam_account */
319         sshpam_account_status = buffer_get_int(b);
320         sshpam_password_change_required(buffer_get_int(b));
321
322         /* Import environment from subprocess */
323         num_env = buffer_get_int(b);
324         if (num_env > 1024)
325                 fatal("%s: received %u environment variables, expected <= 1024",
326                     __func__, num_env);
327         sshpam_env = xcalloc(num_env + 1, sizeof(*sshpam_env));
328         debug3("PAM: num env strings %d", num_env);
329         for(i = 0; i < num_env; i++)
330                 sshpam_env[i] = buffer_get_string(b, NULL);
331
332         sshpam_env[num_env] = NULL;
333
334         /* Import PAM environment from subprocess */
335         num_env = buffer_get_int(b);
336         debug("PAM: num PAM env strings %d", num_env);
337         for(i = 0; i < num_env; i++) {
338                 env = buffer_get_string(b, NULL);
339
340 #ifdef HAVE_PAM_PUTENV
341                 /* Errors are not fatal here */
342                 if ((err = pam_putenv(sshpam_handle, env)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
343                         error("PAM: pam_putenv: %s",
344                             pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
345                 }
346 #endif
347         }
348 #endif
349 }
350
351 /*
352  * Conversation function for authentication thread.
353  */
354 static int
355 sshpam_thread_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
356     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
357 {
358         Buffer buffer;
359         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt;
360         struct pam_response *reply;
361         int i;
362
363         debug3("PAM: %s entering, %d messages", __func__, n);
364         *resp = NULL;
365
366         if (data == NULL) {
367                 error("PAM: conversation function passed a null context");
368                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
369         }
370         ctxt = data;
371         if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
372                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
373
374         if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
375                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
376
377         buffer_init(&buffer);
378         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
379                 switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
380                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
381                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
382                         buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
383                             PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
384                         if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
385                             PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), &buffer) == -1)
386                                 goto fail;
387                         if (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_csock, &buffer) == -1)
388                                 goto fail;
389                         if (buffer_get_char(&buffer) != PAM_AUTHTOK)
390                                 goto fail;
391                         reply[i].resp = buffer_get_string(&buffer, NULL);
392                         break;
393                 case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
394                 case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
395                         buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
396                             PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
397                         if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock,
398                             PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style), &buffer) == -1)
399                                 goto fail;
400                         break;
401                 default:
402                         goto fail;
403                 }
404                 buffer_clear(&buffer);
405         }
406         buffer_free(&buffer);
407         *resp = reply;
408         return (PAM_SUCCESS);
409
410  fail:
411         for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
412                 free(reply[i].resp);
413         }
414         free(reply);
415         buffer_free(&buffer);
416         return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
417 }
418
419 /*
420  * Authentication thread.
421  */
422 static void *
423 sshpam_thread(void *ctxtp)
424 {
425         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctxtp;
426         Buffer buffer;
427         struct pam_conv sshpam_conv;
428         int flags = (options.permit_empty_passwd == 0 ?
429             PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK : 0);
430 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
431         extern char **environ;
432         char **env_from_pam;
433         u_int i;
434         const char *pam_user;
435         const char **ptr_pam_user = &pam_user;
436         char *tz = getenv("TZ");
437
438         sshpam_err = pam_get_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_USER,
439             (sshpam_const void **)ptr_pam_user);
440         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
441                 goto auth_fail;
442
443         environ[0] = NULL;
444         if (tz != NULL)
445                 if (setenv("TZ", tz, 1) == -1)
446                         error("PAM: could not set TZ environment: %s",
447                             strerror(errno));
448
449         if (sshpam_authctxt != NULL) {
450                 setproctitle("%s [pam]",
451                     sshpam_authctxt->valid ? pam_user : "unknown");
452         }
453 #endif
454
455         sshpam_conv.conv = sshpam_thread_conv;
456         sshpam_conv.appdata_ptr = ctxt;
457
458         if (sshpam_authctxt == NULL)
459                 fatal("%s: PAM authctxt not initialized", __func__);
460
461         buffer_init(&buffer);
462         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
463             (const void *)&sshpam_conv);
464         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
465                 goto auth_fail;
466         sshpam_err = pam_authenticate(sshpam_handle, flags);
467         if (sshpam_err == PAM_MAXTRIES)
468                 sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(1);
469         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
470                 goto auth_fail;
471
472         if (compat20) {
473                 if (!do_pam_account()) {
474                         sshpam_err = PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED;
475                         goto auth_fail;
476                 }
477                 if (sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange) {
478                         sshpam_err = pam_chauthtok(sshpam_handle,
479                             PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
480                         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
481                                 goto auth_fail;
482                         sshpam_password_change_required(0);
483                 }
484         }
485
486         buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, "OK");
487
488 #ifndef UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK
489         /* Export variables set by do_pam_account */
490         buffer_put_int(&buffer, sshpam_account_status);
491         buffer_put_int(&buffer, sshpam_authctxt->force_pwchange);
492
493         /* Export any environment strings set in child */
494         for(i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++)
495                 ; /* Count */
496         buffer_put_int(&buffer, i);
497         for(i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++)
498                 buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, environ[i]);
499
500         /* Export any environment strings set by PAM in child */
501         env_from_pam = pam_getenvlist(sshpam_handle);
502         for(i = 0; env_from_pam != NULL && env_from_pam[i] != NULL; i++)
503                 ; /* Count */
504         buffer_put_int(&buffer, i);
505         for(i = 0; env_from_pam != NULL && env_from_pam[i] != NULL; i++)
506                 buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, env_from_pam[i]);
507 #endif /* UNSUPPORTED_POSIX_THREADS_HACK */
508
509         /* XXX - can't do much about an error here */
510         ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, sshpam_err, &buffer);
511         buffer_free(&buffer);
512         pthread_exit(NULL);
513
514  auth_fail:
515         buffer_put_cstring(&buffer,
516             pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
517         /* XXX - can't do much about an error here */
518         if (sshpam_err == PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED)
519                 ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED, &buffer);
520         else if (sshpam_maxtries_reached)
521                 ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_MAXTRIES, &buffer);
522         else
523                 ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_csock, PAM_AUTH_ERR, &buffer);
524         buffer_free(&buffer);
525         pthread_exit(NULL);
526
527         return (NULL); /* Avoid warning for non-pthread case */
528 }
529
530 void
531 sshpam_thread_cleanup(void)
532 {
533         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = cleanup_ctxt;
534
535         debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
536         if (ctxt != NULL && ctxt->pam_thread != 0) {
537                 pthread_cancel(ctxt->pam_thread);
538                 pthread_join(ctxt->pam_thread, NULL);
539                 close(ctxt->pam_psock);
540                 close(ctxt->pam_csock);
541                 memset(ctxt, 0, sizeof(*ctxt));
542                 cleanup_ctxt = NULL;
543         }
544 }
545
546 static int
547 sshpam_null_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
548     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
549 {
550         debug3("PAM: %s entering, %d messages", __func__, n);
551         return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
552 }
553
554 static struct pam_conv null_conv = { sshpam_null_conv, NULL };
555
556 static int
557 sshpam_store_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
558     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
559 {
560         struct pam_response *reply;
561         int i;
562         size_t len;
563
564         debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
565         *resp = NULL;
566
567         if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
568                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
569
570         if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
571                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
572
573         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
574                 switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
575                 case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
576                 case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
577                         len = strlen(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
578                         buffer_append(&loginmsg, PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg), len);
579                         buffer_append(&loginmsg, "\n", 1 );
580                         reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
581                         break;
582                 default:
583                         goto fail;
584                 }
585         }
586         *resp = reply;
587         return (PAM_SUCCESS);
588
589  fail:
590         for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
591                 free(reply[i].resp);
592         }
593         free(reply);
594         return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
595 }
596
597 static struct pam_conv store_conv = { sshpam_store_conv, NULL };
598
599 void
600 sshpam_cleanup(void)
601 {
602         if (sshpam_handle == NULL || (use_privsep && !mm_is_monitor()))
603                 return;
604         debug("PAM: cleanup");
605         pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV, (const void *)&null_conv);
606         if (sshpam_session_open) {
607                 debug("PAM: closing session");
608                 pam_close_session(sshpam_handle, PAM_SILENT);
609                 sshpam_session_open = 0;
610         }
611         if (sshpam_cred_established) {
612                 debug("PAM: deleting credentials");
613                 pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_DELETE_CRED);
614                 sshpam_cred_established = 0;
615         }
616         sshpam_authenticated = 0;
617         pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
618         sshpam_handle = NULL;
619 }
620
621 static int
622 sshpam_init(Authctxt *authctxt)
623 {
624         const char *pam_rhost, *pam_user, *user = authctxt->user;
625         const char **ptr_pam_user = &pam_user;
626         struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
627
628         if (sshpam_handle != NULL) {
629                 /* We already have a PAM context; check if the user matches */
630                 sshpam_err = pam_get_item(sshpam_handle,
631                     PAM_USER, (sshpam_const void **)ptr_pam_user);
632                 if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS && strcmp(user, pam_user) == 0)
633                         return (0);
634                 pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
635                 sshpam_handle = NULL;
636         }
637         debug("PAM: initializing for \"%s\"", user);
638         sshpam_err =
639             pam_start(SSHD_PAM_SERVICE, user, &store_conv, &sshpam_handle);
640         sshpam_authctxt = authctxt;
641
642         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
643                 pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
644                 sshpam_handle = NULL;
645                 return (-1);
646         }
647         pam_rhost = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns);
648         debug("PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to \"%s\"", pam_rhost);
649         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_RHOST, pam_rhost);
650         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
651                 pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
652                 sshpam_handle = NULL;
653                 return (-1);
654         }
655 #ifdef PAM_TTY_KLUDGE
656         /*
657          * Some silly PAM modules (e.g. pam_time) require a TTY to operate.
658          * sshd doesn't set the tty until too late in the auth process and
659          * may not even set one (for tty-less connections)
660          */
661         debug("PAM: setting PAM_TTY to \"ssh\"");
662         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_TTY, "ssh");
663         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
664                 pam_end(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err);
665                 sshpam_handle = NULL;
666                 return (-1);
667         }
668 #endif
669         return (0);
670 }
671
672 static void *
673 sshpam_init_ctx(Authctxt *authctxt)
674 {
675         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt;
676         int socks[2];
677
678         debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
679         /*
680          * Refuse to start if we don't have PAM enabled or do_pam_account
681          * has previously failed.
682          */
683         if (!options.use_pam || sshpam_account_status == 0)
684                 return NULL;
685
686         /* Initialize PAM */
687         if (sshpam_init(authctxt) == -1) {
688                 error("PAM: initialization failed");
689                 return (NULL);
690         }
691
692         ctxt = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ctxt);
693
694         /* Start the authentication thread */
695         if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC, socks) == -1) {
696                 error("PAM: failed create sockets: %s", strerror(errno));
697                 free(ctxt);
698                 return (NULL);
699         }
700         ctxt->pam_psock = socks[0];
701         ctxt->pam_csock = socks[1];
702         if (pthread_create(&ctxt->pam_thread, NULL, sshpam_thread, ctxt) == -1) {
703                 error("PAM: failed to start authentication thread: %s",
704                     strerror(errno));
705                 close(socks[0]);
706                 close(socks[1]);
707                 free(ctxt);
708                 return (NULL);
709         }
710         cleanup_ctxt = ctxt;
711         return (ctxt);
712 }
713
714 static int
715 sshpam_query(void *ctx, char **name, char **info,
716     u_int *num, char ***prompts, u_int **echo_on)
717 {
718         struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
719         Buffer buffer;
720         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctx;
721         size_t plen;
722         u_char type;
723         char *msg;
724         size_t len, mlen;
725
726         debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
727         buffer_init(&buffer);
728         *name = xstrdup("");
729         *info = xstrdup("");
730         *prompts = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
731         **prompts = NULL;
732         plen = 0;
733         *echo_on = xmalloc(sizeof(u_int));
734         while (ssh_msg_recv(ctxt->pam_psock, &buffer) == 0) {
735                 type = buffer_get_char(&buffer);
736                 msg = buffer_get_string(&buffer, NULL);
737                 mlen = strlen(msg);
738                 switch (type) {
739                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
740                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
741                         *num = 1;
742                         len = plen + mlen + 1;
743                         **prompts = xreallocarray(**prompts, 1, len);
744                         strlcpy(**prompts + plen, msg, len - plen);
745                         plen += mlen;
746                         **echo_on = (type == PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON);
747                         free(msg);
748                         return (0);
749                 case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
750                 case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
751                         /* accumulate messages */
752                         len = plen + mlen + 2;
753                         **prompts = xreallocarray(**prompts, 1, len);
754                         strlcpy(**prompts + plen, msg, len - plen);
755                         plen += mlen;
756                         strlcat(**prompts + plen, "\n", len - plen);
757                         plen++;
758                         free(msg);
759                         break;
760                 case PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED:
761                 case PAM_MAXTRIES:
762                         if (type == PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED)
763                                 sshpam_account_status = 0;
764                         if (type == PAM_MAXTRIES)
765                                 sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(1);
766                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
767                 case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
768                         debug3("PAM: %s", pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, type));
769                         if (**prompts != NULL && strlen(**prompts) != 0) {
770                                 *info = **prompts;
771                                 **prompts = NULL;
772                                 *num = 0;
773                                 **echo_on = 0;
774                                 ctxt->pam_done = -1;
775                                 free(msg);
776                                 return 0;
777                         }
778                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
779                 case PAM_SUCCESS:
780                         if (**prompts != NULL) {
781                                 /* drain any accumulated messages */
782                                 debug("PAM: %s", **prompts);
783                                 buffer_append(&loginmsg, **prompts,
784                                     strlen(**prompts));
785                                 free(**prompts);
786                                 **prompts = NULL;
787                         }
788                         if (type == PAM_SUCCESS) {
789                                 if (!sshpam_authctxt->valid ||
790                                     (sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
791                                     options.permit_root_login != PERMIT_YES))
792                                         fatal("Internal error: PAM auth "
793                                             "succeeded when it should have "
794                                             "failed");
795                                 import_environments(&buffer);
796                                 *num = 0;
797                                 **echo_on = 0;
798                                 ctxt->pam_done = 1;
799                                 free(msg);
800                                 return (0);
801                         }
802                         BLACKLIST_NOTIFY(BLACKLIST_BAD_USER,
803                             sshpam_authctxt->user);
804                         error("PAM: %s for %s%.100s from %.100s", msg,
805                             sshpam_authctxt->valid ? "" : "illegal user ",
806                             sshpam_authctxt->user,
807                             auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns));
808                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
809                 default:
810                         *num = 0;
811                         **echo_on = 0;
812                         free(msg);
813                         ctxt->pam_done = -1;
814                         return (-1);
815                 }
816         }
817         return (-1);
818 }
819
820 /*
821  * Returns a junk password of identical length to that the user supplied.
822  * Used to mitigate timing attacks against crypt(3)/PAM stacks that
823  * vary processing time in proportion to password length.
824  */
825 static char *
826 fake_password(const char *wire_password)
827 {
828         const char junk[] = "\b\n\r\177INCORRECT";
829         char *ret = NULL;
830         size_t i, l = wire_password != NULL ? strlen(wire_password) : 0;
831
832         if (l >= INT_MAX)
833                 fatal("%s: password length too long: %zu", __func__, l);
834
835         ret = malloc(l + 1);
836         if (ret == NULL)
837                 return NULL;
838         for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
839                 ret[i] = junk[i % (sizeof(junk) - 1)];
840         ret[i] = '\0';
841         return ret;
842 }
843
844 /* XXX - see also comment in auth-chall.c:verify_response */
845 static int
846 sshpam_respond(void *ctx, u_int num, char **resp)
847 {
848         Buffer buffer;
849         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctx;
850         char *fake;
851
852         debug2("PAM: %s entering, %u responses", __func__, num);
853         switch (ctxt->pam_done) {
854         case 1:
855                 sshpam_authenticated = 1;
856                 return (0);
857         case 0:
858                 break;
859         default:
860                 return (-1);
861         }
862         if (num != 1) {
863                 error("PAM: expected one response, got %u", num);
864                 return (-1);
865         }
866         buffer_init(&buffer);
867         if (sshpam_authctxt->valid &&
868             (sshpam_authctxt->pw->pw_uid != 0 ||
869             options.permit_root_login == PERMIT_YES))
870                 buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, *resp);
871         else {
872                 fake = fake_password(*resp);
873                 buffer_put_cstring(&buffer, fake);
874                 free(fake);
875         }
876         if (ssh_msg_send(ctxt->pam_psock, PAM_AUTHTOK, &buffer) == -1) {
877                 buffer_free(&buffer);
878                 return (-1);
879         }
880         buffer_free(&buffer);
881         return (1);
882 }
883
884 static void
885 sshpam_free_ctx(void *ctxtp)
886 {
887         struct pam_ctxt *ctxt = ctxtp;
888
889         debug3("PAM: %s entering", __func__);
890         sshpam_thread_cleanup();
891         free(ctxt);
892         /*
893          * We don't call sshpam_cleanup() here because we may need the PAM
894          * handle at a later stage, e.g. when setting up a session.  It's
895          * still on the cleanup list, so pam_end() *will* be called before
896          * the server process terminates.
897          */
898 }
899
900 KbdintDevice sshpam_device = {
901         "pam",
902         sshpam_init_ctx,
903         sshpam_query,
904         sshpam_respond,
905         sshpam_free_ctx
906 };
907
908 KbdintDevice mm_sshpam_device = {
909         "pam",
910         mm_sshpam_init_ctx,
911         mm_sshpam_query,
912         mm_sshpam_respond,
913         mm_sshpam_free_ctx
914 };
915
916 /*
917  * This replaces auth-pam.c
918  */
919 void
920 start_pam(Authctxt *authctxt)
921 {
922         if (!options.use_pam)
923                 fatal("PAM: initialisation requested when UsePAM=no");
924
925         if (sshpam_init(authctxt) == -1)
926                 fatal("PAM: initialisation failed");
927 }
928
929 void
930 finish_pam(void)
931 {
932         sshpam_cleanup();
933 }
934
935 u_int
936 do_pam_account(void)
937 {
938         debug("%s: called", __func__);
939         if (sshpam_account_status != -1)
940                 return (sshpam_account_status);
941
942         sshpam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(sshpam_handle, 0);
943         debug3("PAM: %s pam_acct_mgmt = %d (%s)", __func__, sshpam_err,
944             pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
945
946         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS && sshpam_err != PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD) {
947                 sshpam_account_status = 0;
948                 return (sshpam_account_status);
949         }
950
951         if (sshpam_err == PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD)
952                 sshpam_password_change_required(1);
953
954         sshpam_account_status = 1;
955         return (sshpam_account_status);
956 }
957
958 void
959 do_pam_setcred(int init)
960 {
961         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
962             (const void *)&store_conv);
963         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
964                 fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
965                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
966         if (init) {
967                 debug("PAM: establishing credentials");
968                 sshpam_err = pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
969         } else {
970                 debug("PAM: reinitializing credentials");
971                 sshpam_err = pam_setcred(sshpam_handle, PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED);
972         }
973         if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
974                 sshpam_cred_established = 1;
975                 return;
976         }
977         if (sshpam_authenticated)
978                 fatal("PAM: pam_setcred(): %s",
979                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
980         else
981                 debug("PAM: pam_setcred(): %s",
982                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
983 }
984
985 static int
986 sshpam_tty_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
987     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
988 {
989         char input[PAM_MAX_MSG_SIZE];
990         struct pam_response *reply;
991         int i;
992
993         debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
994
995         *resp = NULL;
996
997         if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
998                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
999
1000         if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
1001                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1002
1003         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1004                 switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
1005                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
1006                         reply[i].resp =
1007                             read_passphrase(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg),
1008                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1009                         reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1010                         break;
1011                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
1012                         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1013                         if (fgets(input, sizeof input, stdin) == NULL)
1014                                 input[0] = '\0';
1015                         if ((reply[i].resp = strdup(input)) == NULL)
1016                                 goto fail;
1017                         reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1018                         break;
1019                 case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
1020                 case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
1021                         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1022                         reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1023                         break;
1024                 default:
1025                         goto fail;
1026                 }
1027         }
1028         *resp = reply;
1029         return (PAM_SUCCESS);
1030
1031  fail:
1032         for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1033                 free(reply[i].resp);
1034         }
1035         free(reply);
1036         return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1037 }
1038
1039 static struct pam_conv tty_conv = { sshpam_tty_conv, NULL };
1040
1041 /*
1042  * XXX this should be done in the authentication phase, but ssh1 doesn't
1043  * support that
1044  */
1045 void
1046 do_pam_chauthtok(void)
1047 {
1048         if (use_privsep)
1049                 fatal("Password expired (unable to change with privsep)");
1050         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1051             (const void *)&tty_conv);
1052         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1053                 fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1054                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1055         debug("PAM: changing password");
1056         sshpam_err = pam_chauthtok(sshpam_handle, PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
1057         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1058                 fatal("PAM: pam_chauthtok(): %s",
1059                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1060 }
1061
1062 void
1063 do_pam_session(void)
1064 {
1065         debug3("PAM: opening session");
1066         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1067             (const void *)&store_conv);
1068         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1069                 fatal("PAM: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s",
1070                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1071         sshpam_err = pam_open_session(sshpam_handle, 0);
1072         if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
1073                 sshpam_session_open = 1;
1074         else {
1075                 sshpam_session_open = 0;
1076                 disable_forwarding();
1077                 error("PAM: pam_open_session(): %s",
1078                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1079         }
1080
1081 }
1082
1083 int
1084 is_pam_session_open(void)
1085 {
1086         return sshpam_session_open;
1087 }
1088
1089 /*
1090  * Set a PAM environment string. We need to do this so that the session
1091  * modules can handle things like Kerberos/GSI credentials that appear
1092  * during the ssh authentication process.
1093  */
1094 int
1095 do_pam_putenv(char *name, char *value)
1096 {
1097         int ret = 1;
1098 #ifdef HAVE_PAM_PUTENV
1099         char *compound;
1100         size_t len;
1101
1102         len = strlen(name) + strlen(value) + 2;
1103         compound = xmalloc(len);
1104
1105         snprintf(compound, len, "%s=%s", name, value);
1106         ret = pam_putenv(sshpam_handle, compound);
1107         free(compound);
1108 #endif
1109
1110         return (ret);
1111 }
1112
1113 char **
1114 fetch_pam_child_environment(void)
1115 {
1116         return sshpam_env;
1117 }
1118
1119 char **
1120 fetch_pam_environment(void)
1121 {
1122         return (pam_getenvlist(sshpam_handle));
1123 }
1124
1125 void
1126 free_pam_environment(char **env)
1127 {
1128         char **envp;
1129
1130         if (env == NULL)
1131                 return;
1132
1133         for (envp = env; *envp; envp++)
1134                 free(*envp);
1135         free(env);
1136 }
1137
1138 /*
1139  * "Blind" conversation function for password authentication.  Assumes that
1140  * echo-off prompts are for the password and stores messages for later
1141  * display.
1142  */
1143 static int
1144 sshpam_passwd_conv(int n, sshpam_const struct pam_message **msg,
1145     struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
1146 {
1147         struct pam_response *reply;
1148         int i;
1149         size_t len;
1150
1151         debug3("PAM: %s called with %d messages", __func__, n);
1152
1153         *resp = NULL;
1154
1155         if (n <= 0 || n > PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
1156                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1157
1158         if ((reply = calloc(n, sizeof(*reply))) == NULL)
1159                 return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1160
1161         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1162                 switch (PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg_style)) {
1163                 case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
1164                         if (sshpam_password == NULL)
1165                                 goto fail;
1166                         if ((reply[i].resp = strdup(sshpam_password)) == NULL)
1167                                 goto fail;
1168                         reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1169                         break;
1170                 case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
1171                 case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
1172                         len = strlen(PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg));
1173                         if (len > 0) {
1174                                 buffer_append(&loginmsg,
1175                                     PAM_MSG_MEMBER(msg, i, msg), len);
1176                                 buffer_append(&loginmsg, "\n", 1);
1177                         }
1178                         if ((reply[i].resp = strdup("")) == NULL)
1179                                 goto fail;
1180                         reply[i].resp_retcode = PAM_SUCCESS;
1181                         break;
1182                 default:
1183                         goto fail;
1184                 }
1185         }
1186         *resp = reply;
1187         return (PAM_SUCCESS);
1188
1189  fail:
1190         for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1191                 free(reply[i].resp);
1192         }
1193         free(reply);
1194         return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
1195 }
1196
1197 static struct pam_conv passwd_conv = { sshpam_passwd_conv, NULL };
1198
1199 /*
1200  * Attempt password authentication via PAM
1201  */
1202 int
1203 sshpam_auth_passwd(Authctxt *authctxt, const char *password)
1204 {
1205         int flags = (options.permit_empty_passwd == 0 ?
1206             PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK : 0);
1207         char *fake = NULL;
1208
1209         if (!options.use_pam || sshpam_handle == NULL)
1210                 fatal("PAM: %s called when PAM disabled or failed to "
1211                     "initialise.", __func__);
1212
1213         sshpam_password = password;
1214         sshpam_authctxt = authctxt;
1215
1216         /*
1217          * If the user logging in is invalid, or is root but is not permitted
1218          * by PermitRootLogin, use an invalid password to prevent leaking
1219          * information via timing (eg if the PAM config has a delay on fail).
1220          */
1221         if (!authctxt->valid || (authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 &&
1222             options.permit_root_login != PERMIT_YES))
1223                 sshpam_password = fake = fake_password(password);
1224
1225         sshpam_err = pam_set_item(sshpam_handle, PAM_CONV,
1226             (const void *)&passwd_conv);
1227         if (sshpam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
1228                 fatal("PAM: %s: failed to set PAM_CONV: %s", __func__,
1229                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1230
1231         sshpam_err = pam_authenticate(sshpam_handle, flags);
1232         sshpam_password = NULL;
1233         free(fake);
1234         if (sshpam_err == PAM_MAXTRIES)
1235                 sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(1);
1236         if (sshpam_err == PAM_SUCCESS && authctxt->valid) {
1237                 debug("PAM: password authentication accepted for %.100s",
1238                     authctxt->user);
1239                 return 1;
1240         } else {
1241                 debug("PAM: password authentication failed for %.100s: %s",
1242                     authctxt->valid ? authctxt->user : "an illegal user",
1243                     pam_strerror(sshpam_handle, sshpam_err));
1244                 return 0;
1245         }
1246 }
1247
1248 int
1249 sshpam_get_maxtries_reached(void)
1250 {
1251         return sshpam_maxtries_reached;
1252 }
1253
1254 void
1255 sshpam_set_maxtries_reached(int reached)
1256 {
1257         if (reached == 0 || sshpam_maxtries_reached)
1258                 return;
1259         sshpam_maxtries_reached = 1;
1260         options.password_authentication = 0;
1261         options.kbd_interactive_authentication = 0;
1262         options.challenge_response_authentication = 0;
1263 }
1264 #endif /* USE_PAM */