1 .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.140 2022/03/31 17:27:27 naddy Exp $
3 .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
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25 .Dd $Mdocdate: March 31 2022 $
30 .Nd OpenSSH secure file transfer
34 .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
37 .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
38 .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
39 .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
40 .Op Fl J Ar destination
42 .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
44 .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
46 .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
50 is a file transfer program, similar to
52 which performs all operations over an encrypted
55 It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
60 may be specified either as
62 .Oo user @ Oc host Op : path
64 or as a URI in the form
66 .No sftp:// Oo user @ Oc host Oo : port Oc Op / path .
73 and it is not a directory,
75 will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
76 authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
77 successful interactive authentication.
81 is specified, or if the
85 will log in to the specified
87 and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
89 An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
91 to be interpreted as a directory.
93 Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
94 names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
95 enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
97 The options are as follows:
102 to use IPv4 addresses only.
106 to use IPv6 addresses only.
110 to the remote system.
111 The default is not to forward an authentication agent.
113 Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
114 existing partial or complete copies of files.
115 If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
116 then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
117 .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
118 Specify the size of the buffer that
120 uses when transferring files.
121 Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
123 The default is 32768 bytes.
124 .It Fl b Ar batchfile
125 Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
129 Since it lacks user interaction, it should be used in conjunction with
130 non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
131 at connection time (see
141 may be used to indicate standard input.
143 will abort if any of the following
145 .Ic get , put , reget , reput , rename , ln ,
146 .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
147 .Ic lchdir , copy , cp , chmod , chown ,
148 .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
152 Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
153 prefixing the command with a
155 character (for example,
156 .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
157 Echo of the command may be suppressed by prefixing the command with a
160 These two prefixes may be combined in any order, for example
163 Enables compression (via ssh's
167 Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
168 This option is directly passed to
170 .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
171 Connect directly to a local sftp server
174 This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
175 .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
176 Specifies an alternative
177 per-user configuration file for
179 This option is directly passed to
182 Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
183 When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
184 implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
185 .It Fl i Ar identity_file
186 Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
187 authentication is read.
188 This option is directly passed to
190 .It Fl J Ar destination
191 Connect to the target host by first making an
193 connection to the jump host described by
195 and then establishing a TCP forwarding to the ultimate destination from
197 Multiple jump hops may be specified separated by comma characters.
198 This is a shortcut to specify a
200 configuration directive.
201 This option is directly passed to
204 Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
206 Disables quiet mode, e.g. to override the implicit quiet mode set by the
209 .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
210 Can be used to pass options to
212 in the format used in
214 This is useful for specifying options
215 for which there is no separate
218 For example, to specify an alternate port use:
220 For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
223 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
229 .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
230 .It CanonicalizeHostname
231 .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
232 .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
233 .It CASignatureAlgorithms
238 .It ConnectionAttempts
243 .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
244 .It GSSAPIAuthentication
245 .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
248 .It HostbasedAcceptedAlgorithms
249 .It HostbasedAuthentication
250 .It HostKeyAlgorithms
257 .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
258 .It KbdInteractiveDevices
260 .It KnownHostsCommand
263 .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
264 .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
265 .It PasswordAuthentication
268 .It PreferredAuthentications
271 .It PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms
272 .It PubkeyAuthentication
275 .It ServerAliveInterval
276 .It ServerAliveCountMax
278 .It StrictHostKeyChecking
282 .It UserKnownHostsFile
286 Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
288 Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
289 original files transferred.
291 Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
292 diagnostic messages from
294 .It Fl R Ar num_requests
295 Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
296 Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
297 but will increase memory usage.
298 The default is 64 outstanding requests.
300 Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
303 does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
307 to use for the encrypted connection.
308 The program must understand
311 .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
312 Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
314 A path is useful when the remote
316 does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
319 This option is also passed to ssh.
321 .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
322 Once in interactive mode,
324 understands a set of commands similar to those of
326 Commands are case insensitive.
327 Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
328 Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
330 must be escaped with backslashes
337 Change remote directory to
341 is not specified, then change directory to the one the session started in.
354 characters and may match multiple files.
356 must be a numeric GID.
360 flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
361 Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
362 the "lsetstat@openssh.com" extension.
368 Change permissions of file
375 characters and may match multiple files.
379 flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
380 Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
381 the "lsetstat@openssh.com" extension.
394 characters and may match multiple files.
396 must be a numeric UID.
400 flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
401 Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
402 the "lsetstat@openssh.com" extension.
403 .It Ic copy Ar oldpath Ar newpath
404 Copy remote file from
409 Note that this is only supported by servers that implement the "copy-data"
411 .It Ic cp Ar oldpath Ar newpath
419 Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
425 flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
426 "human-readable" suffixes.
429 flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
430 This command is only supported on servers that implement the
431 .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
443 and store it on the local machine.
445 path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
450 characters and may match multiple files.
455 must specify a directory.
459 flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
460 Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
462 If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
463 resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
467 flag is specified, then
469 will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
474 .\" undocumented redundant alias
477 flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
482 .\" undocumented redundant alias
485 flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
488 does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
491 .It Ic lcd Op Ar path
492 Change local directory to
496 is not specified, then change directory to the local user's home directory.
497 .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
498 Display local directory listing of either
500 or current directory if
504 may contain any flags supported by the local system's
510 characters and may match multiple files.
511 .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
512 Create local directory specified by
525 flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
528 Print local working directory.
533 Display a remote directory listing of either
535 or the current directory if
541 characters and may match multiple files.
543 The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
548 Produce single columnar output.
550 List files beginning with a dot
553 Do not sort the listing.
554 The default sort order is lexicographical.
556 When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
557 Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
558 the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
561 Display additional details including permissions
562 and ownership information.
564 Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
567 Reverse the sort order of the listing.
569 Sort the listing by file size.
571 Sort the listing by last modification time.
573 .It Ic lumask Ar umask
577 Create remote directory specified by
580 Toggle display of progress meter.
588 and store it on the remote machine.
589 If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
590 on the local machine.
594 characters and may match multiple files.
599 must specify a directory.
603 flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
604 transfers of existing files.
605 Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
606 matches the local copy.
607 If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
608 the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
612 flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
614 after the file has been transferred.
615 Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
616 the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
620 .\" undocumented redundant alias
623 flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
628 .\" undocumented redundant alias
631 flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
634 does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
636 Display remote working directory.
664 .It Ic rename Ar oldpath newpath
665 Rename remote file from
670 Delete remote file specified by
673 Remove remote directory specified by
675 .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath newpath
676 Create a symbolic link from
684 .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
689 Escape to local shell.
707 .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
708 .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
710 .%O work in progress material