1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.314 2018/03/12 00:52:01 djm Exp $ */
3 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6 * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9 * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
10 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
47 #include "pathnames.h"
56 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
64 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
66 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
69 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
70 #define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
71 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
72 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256
76 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
77 * set on the command line.
79 int change_passphrase = 0;
82 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
83 * on the command line.
85 int change_comment = 0;
89 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
91 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
93 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
95 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
98 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
101 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
102 int print_fingerprint = 0;
103 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
105 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
106 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
108 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
109 char identity_file[1024];
110 int have_identity = 0;
112 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
113 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
115 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
116 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
118 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
119 char *identity_comment = NULL;
121 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
122 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
124 /* Prefer to use agent keys for CA signing */
125 int prefer_agent = 0;
127 /* Certificate serial number */
128 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
130 /* Key type when certifying */
131 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
133 /* "key ID" of signed key */
134 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
136 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
137 char *cert_principals = NULL;
139 /* Validity period for certificates */
140 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
141 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
143 /* Certificate options */
144 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
145 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
146 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
147 #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
148 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
149 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
150 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
151 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
152 char *certflags_command = NULL;
153 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
155 /* Arbitrary extensions specified by user */
156 struct cert_userext {
161 struct cert_userext *cert_userext;
162 size_t ncert_userext;
164 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
166 int convert_from = 0;
171 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
172 int print_public = 0;
173 int print_generic = 0;
175 char *key_type_name = NULL;
177 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
178 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
180 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
181 int use_new_format = 0;
183 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
184 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
187 * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
188 * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
193 extern char *__progname;
195 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
199 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
200 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
205 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
211 if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
212 fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
216 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
217 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
219 (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
220 *bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
222 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
225 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
228 maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
229 OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
230 if (*bitsp > maxbits)
231 fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
235 fatal("Invalid DSA key length: must be 1024 bits");
238 if (*bitsp < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE)
239 fatal("Invalid RSA key length: minimum is %d bits",
240 SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE);
243 if (sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
244 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length: valid lengths are "
245 "256, 384 or 521 bits");
251 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
256 if (key_type_name == NULL)
257 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
259 switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
262 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
264 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
267 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
272 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
275 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
276 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
280 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_XMSS;
283 fatal("bad key type");
286 snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
287 "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
288 printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
290 if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
292 buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
293 if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
294 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
298 static struct sshkey *
299 load_identity(char *filename)
305 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
307 if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
308 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
309 if (identity_passphrase)
310 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
312 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
313 r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
314 explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
317 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
321 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
322 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
323 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
324 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
328 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
335 if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
336 fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
337 /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
338 snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
339 "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
340 sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
341 pw->pw_name, hostname);
343 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
344 fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
345 dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
346 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
353 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
355 switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
357 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
358 fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
361 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
362 fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
364 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
366 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
367 fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
371 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
377 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
379 switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
381 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
382 fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
385 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
391 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
398 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
399 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
400 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
401 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
402 k = load_identity(identity_file);
403 switch (convert_format) {
405 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
408 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
411 do_convert_to_pem(k);
414 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
420 * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
424 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
426 u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
429 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
430 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
431 bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
432 if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
433 fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
434 __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
435 if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
436 fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
437 if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
438 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
441 static struct sshkey *
442 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
445 struct sshkey *key = NULL;
447 u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
449 u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
453 if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
454 fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
455 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
456 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
458 if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
459 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
460 SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
464 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
465 (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
466 (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
467 (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
468 (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
469 (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
470 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
471 debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
472 if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
473 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
481 if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
483 } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
490 if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
491 fatal("sshkey_new_private failed");
496 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
497 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
498 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
499 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
500 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
503 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
504 (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
505 (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
506 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
517 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
522 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
523 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
524 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
525 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
526 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
527 if ((r = ssh_rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key)) != 0)
528 fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
531 rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
533 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
534 "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
538 if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), NULL, 0) != 0 ||
539 sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), NULL, 0) != 0) {
549 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
555 while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
557 fatal("input line too long.");
561 if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
562 fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
575 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
577 int r, blen, escaped = 0;
584 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
585 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
587 while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
588 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
590 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
591 strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
592 if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
594 if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
597 /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
602 /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
605 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
607 len = strlen(encoded);
608 if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
609 (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
610 (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
611 (encoded[len-3] == '='))
612 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
613 blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
615 fatal("uudecode failed.");
617 *k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
618 else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
619 fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
624 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
629 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
630 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
631 if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
632 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
636 switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
638 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
639 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
640 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
641 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
644 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
645 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
646 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
647 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
649 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
651 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
652 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
653 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
654 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
655 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
659 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
660 EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
662 EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
667 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
672 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
673 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
674 if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
675 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
676 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
677 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
682 fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
686 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
688 struct sshkey *k = NULL;
689 int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
693 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
694 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
695 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
697 switch (convert_format) {
699 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
702 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
705 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
708 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
712 if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
715 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
719 ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
720 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
722 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
724 ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
725 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
729 ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
730 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
733 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
739 fatal("key write failed");
746 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
753 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
754 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
755 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
756 prv = load_identity(identity_file);
757 if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
758 error("sshkey_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
760 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
765 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
768 struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
770 enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
774 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
775 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
778 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
780 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
781 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
782 if (print_fingerprint) {
783 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
784 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
786 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
787 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
788 printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
789 fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
790 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
795 (void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
796 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
798 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
804 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
805 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
808 static struct sshkey *
809 try_read_key(char **cpp)
814 if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
815 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
816 if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
824 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
826 char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
827 enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
830 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
831 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
832 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
833 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
834 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
835 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
836 mprintf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
837 comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
838 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
845 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
848 char *comment = NULL;
849 struct sshkey *public = NULL;
852 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
853 fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
854 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, &comment)) != 0) {
855 debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
856 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
857 &public, &comment)) != 0) {
858 debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
859 fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
863 fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
869 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
872 struct sshkey *public = NULL;
873 char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
879 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
880 path = identity_file;
882 if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
885 } else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
886 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
888 while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
890 cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
891 /* Trim leading space and comments */
892 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
893 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
897 * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
902 * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
903 * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
904 * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
906 if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
907 strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
909 fingerprint_private(path);
914 * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
915 * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
916 * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
918 if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
919 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
920 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
921 (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
925 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
926 *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
927 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
928 cp++; /* Skip both */
937 /* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
938 if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
939 debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
943 /* Find trailing comment, if any */
944 for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
946 if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
949 fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
951 invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
956 fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
961 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
965 char *key_type_display;
969 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
970 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
971 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
972 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
973 #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
974 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
975 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
977 { "xmss", "XMSS",_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE },
978 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
984 struct sshkey *private, *public;
985 char comment[1024], *prv_tmp, *pub_tmp, *prv_file, *pub_file;
989 for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
990 public = private = NULL;
991 prv_tmp = pub_tmp = prv_file = pub_file = NULL;
993 xasprintf(&prv_file, "%s%s",
994 identity_file, key_types[i].path);
996 /* Check whether private key exists and is not zero-length */
997 if (stat(prv_file, &st) == 0) {
1000 } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
1001 error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1007 * Private key doesn't exist or is invalid; proceed with
1010 xasprintf(&prv_tmp, "%s%s.XXXXXXXXXX",
1011 identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1012 xasprintf(&pub_tmp, "%s%s.pub.XXXXXXXXXX",
1013 identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1014 xasprintf(&pub_file, "%s%s.pub",
1015 identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1019 printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1021 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1023 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1024 if ((fd = mkstemp(prv_tmp)) == -1) {
1025 error("Could not save your public key in %s: %s",
1026 prv_tmp, strerror(errno));
1029 close(fd); /* just using mkstemp() to generate/reserve a name */
1031 type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1032 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1033 error("sshkey_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1036 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1037 fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1038 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1040 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, prv_tmp, "",
1041 comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1042 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1043 prv_tmp, ssh_err(r));
1046 if ((fd = mkstemp(pub_tmp)) == -1) {
1047 error("Could not save your public key in %s: %s",
1048 pub_tmp, strerror(errno));
1051 (void)fchmod(fd, 0644);
1052 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1054 error("fdopen %s failed: %s", pub_tmp, strerror(errno));
1058 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1059 error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1063 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1064 if (ferror(f) != 0) {
1065 error("write key failed: %s", strerror(errno));
1069 if (fclose(f) != 0) {
1070 error("key close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
1074 /* Rename temporary files to their permanent locations. */
1075 if (rename(pub_tmp, pub_file) != 0) {
1076 error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1077 pub_file, strerror(errno));
1080 if (rename(prv_tmp, prv_file) != 0) {
1081 error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1082 key_types[i].path, strerror(errno));
1088 sshkey_free(private);
1089 sshkey_free(public);
1099 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1100 const char *host; /* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1101 FILE *out; /* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1102 int has_unhashed; /* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1103 int found_key; /* For find/delete, host was found */
1104 int invalid; /* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1108 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1110 struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1111 char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1112 int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1113 int was_hashed = l->hosts && l->hosts[0] == HASH_DELIM;
1115 switch (l->status) {
1117 case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1119 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1120 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1122 if (was_hashed || has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1123 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1124 if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1125 logit("%s:%lu: ignoring host name "
1126 "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1127 l->linenum, l->hosts);
1132 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1133 * hash and store separately.
1135 ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1136 while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1138 if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1139 fatal("hash_host failed");
1140 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1141 ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1145 case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1146 /* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1148 logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1151 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1159 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1161 struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1162 enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1166 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1167 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1169 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1171 if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1172 /* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1173 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1176 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1177 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1182 printf("# Host %s found: line %lu\n",
1183 ctx->host, l->linenum);
1186 } else if (find_host) {
1189 printf("# Host %s found: line %lu %s\n",
1191 l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1192 (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1195 known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1196 else if (print_fingerprint) {
1197 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1198 mprintf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1199 sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1202 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1205 } else if (delete_host) {
1206 /* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1207 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1209 logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1211 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1217 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1219 char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1220 int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1221 struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1222 u_int foreach_options;
1224 if (!have_identity) {
1225 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1226 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1227 sizeof(identity_file))
1228 fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1233 memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1238 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1239 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1241 if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1242 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1243 strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1244 strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1245 strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1246 fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1248 if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1249 fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1250 if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1253 fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1258 /* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1259 foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1260 foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1261 if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1262 hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1263 name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0) {
1266 fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1273 error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1275 error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1276 "file because of errors");
1280 } else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1281 logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1284 } else if (inplace) {
1285 /* Backup existing file */
1286 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1287 fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1288 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1289 fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1291 /* Move new one into place */
1292 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1293 error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1300 printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1301 printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1302 if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1303 logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1304 logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1309 exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1313 * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
1314 * for the current user.
1317 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1320 char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1322 struct sshkey *private;
1326 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1327 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1328 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1329 /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1330 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1331 if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1332 if (identity_passphrase)
1333 old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1336 read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1338 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1339 &private, &comment);
1340 explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1341 free(old_passphrase);
1344 } else if (r != 0) {
1346 fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1349 mprintf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1351 /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1352 if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1353 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1357 read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1358 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1359 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1362 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1363 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1364 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1365 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1368 printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
1371 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1372 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1376 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1377 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1378 comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1379 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1380 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1381 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1383 sshkey_free(private);
1387 /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1388 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1390 sshkey_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
1393 printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1398 * Print the SSHFP RR.
1401 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1403 struct sshkey *public;
1404 char *comment = NULL;
1409 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1410 if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1411 if (errno == ENOENT)
1413 fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1415 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1416 fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1418 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1419 sshkey_free(public);
1425 * Change the comment of a private key file.
1428 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1430 char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1431 struct sshkey *private;
1432 struct sshkey *public;
1438 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1439 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1440 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1441 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1442 &private, &comment)) == 0)
1443 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1444 else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1445 fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1446 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1448 if (identity_passphrase)
1449 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1450 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1451 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1453 passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1455 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1456 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1457 &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1458 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1460 fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1461 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1465 if (private->type != KEY_ED25519 && private->type != KEY_XMSS &&
1467 error("Comments are only supported for keys stored in "
1468 "the new format (-o).");
1469 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1470 sshkey_free(private);
1474 printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1476 printf("Key now has no comment\n");
1478 if (identity_comment) {
1479 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1481 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1483 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1484 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1485 sshkey_free(private);
1488 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1491 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1492 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1493 new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1494 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1495 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1496 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1498 sshkey_free(private);
1502 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1504 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1505 fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1506 sshkey_free(private);
1508 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1509 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1511 fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1512 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1514 fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1515 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1516 fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1517 sshkey_free(public);
1518 fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1523 printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1528 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1532 debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1533 if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1534 (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1535 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1539 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1544 debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1545 if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1546 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1547 if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1548 (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1549 (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1550 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1555 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
1556 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
1558 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1563 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1564 certflags_command != NULL)
1565 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1566 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1567 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1568 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1569 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1570 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1571 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1572 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1573 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1574 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1575 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1576 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1577 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1578 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1579 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1580 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1581 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1582 certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1583 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1584 for (i = 0; i < ncert_userext; i++) {
1585 if ((cert_userext[i].crit && (which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS)) ||
1586 (!cert_userext[i].crit && (which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL)))
1588 if (cert_userext[i].val == NULL)
1589 add_flag_option(c, cert_userext[i].key);
1591 add_string_option(c, cert_userext[i].key,
1592 cert_userext[i].val);
1597 static struct sshkey *
1598 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1600 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1601 struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1604 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1605 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1608 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1609 debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1611 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1612 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1613 if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1617 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1620 sshkey_free(public);
1623 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1624 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1627 /* Signer for sshkey_certify_custom that uses the agent */
1629 agent_signer(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
1630 const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
1631 const char *alg, u_int compat, void *ctx)
1633 int *agent_fdp = (int *)ctx;
1635 return ssh_agent_sign(*agent_fdp, key, sigp, lenp,
1636 data, datalen, alg, compat);
1640 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1642 int r, i, fd, found, agent_fd = -1;
1644 struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1645 char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1647 struct ssh_identitylist *agent_ids;
1650 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1653 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1654 if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1655 /* If a PKCS#11 token was specified then try to use it */
1656 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1657 fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1658 } else if (prefer_agent) {
1660 * Agent signature requested. Try to use agent after making
1661 * sure the public key specified is actually present in the
1664 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
1665 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
1667 if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
1668 fatal("Cannot use public key for CA signature: %s",
1670 if ((r = ssh_fetch_identitylist(agent_fd, &agent_ids)) != 0)
1671 fatal("Retrieve agent key list: %s", ssh_err(r));
1673 for (j = 0; j < agent_ids->nkeys; j++) {
1674 if (sshkey_equal(ca, agent_ids->keys[j])) {
1680 fatal("CA key %s not found in agent", tmp);
1681 ssh_free_identitylist(agent_ids);
1682 ca->flags |= SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT;
1684 /* CA key is assumed to be a private key on the filesystem */
1685 ca = load_identity(tmp);
1689 if (key_type_name != NULL &&
1690 sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type) {
1691 fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1692 sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1695 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1696 /* Split list of principals */
1698 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1699 otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1701 for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1702 plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1703 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1704 fatal("Empty principal name");
1708 if (n > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS)
1709 fatal("Too many certificate principals specified");
1711 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1712 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1713 fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1714 __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1715 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1716 public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519 &&
1717 public->type != KEY_XMSS)
1718 fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1719 __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1721 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1722 if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1723 fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1725 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1726 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1727 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1728 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1729 public->cert->principals = plist;
1730 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1731 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1732 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1733 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1734 OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1735 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1736 &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1737 fatal("sshkey_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1739 if (agent_fd != -1 && (ca->flags & SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT) != 0) {
1740 if ((r = sshkey_certify_custom(public, ca,
1741 key_type_name, agent_signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
1742 fatal("Couldn't certify key %s via agent: %s",
1745 if ((sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name)) != 0)
1746 fatal("Couldn't certify key %s: %s",
1750 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1752 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1755 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1756 fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1758 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1759 fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1760 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1761 fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1763 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1767 sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1768 valid, sizeof(valid));
1769 logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1770 "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1771 out, public->cert->key_id,
1772 (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1773 cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1774 cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1778 sshkey_free(public);
1781 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1788 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1792 mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1794 if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1795 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1796 if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1797 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1798 return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1802 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1805 time_t now = time(NULL);
1808 /* +timespec relative to now */
1809 if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1810 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1811 fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1812 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1814 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1815 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1817 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1823 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "always"
1824 * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "forever"
1826 from = xstrdup(timespec);
1827 to = strchr(from, ':');
1828 if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1829 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1832 if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1833 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1834 else if (strcmp(from, "always") == 0)
1835 cert_valid_from = 0;
1836 else if (parse_absolute_time(from, &cert_valid_from) != 0)
1837 fatal("Invalid from time \"%s\"", from);
1839 if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1840 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1841 else if (strcmp(to, "forever") == 0)
1842 cert_valid_to = ~(u_int64_t)0;
1843 else if (parse_absolute_time(to, &cert_valid_to) != 0)
1844 fatal("Invalid to time \"%s\"", to);
1846 if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1847 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1852 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1857 if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1858 certflags_flags = 0;
1859 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1860 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1861 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1862 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1863 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1864 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1865 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1866 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1867 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1868 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1869 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1870 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1871 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1872 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1873 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1874 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1875 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1876 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1877 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1878 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1879 else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1882 fatal("Empty force-command option");
1883 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1884 fatal("force-command already specified");
1885 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1886 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1889 fatal("Empty source-address option");
1890 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1891 fatal("source-address already specified");
1892 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1893 fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1894 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1895 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "extension:", 10) == 0 ||
1896 (iscrit = (strncasecmp(opt, "critical:", 9) == 0))) {
1897 val = xstrdup(strchr(opt, ':') + 1);
1898 if ((cp = strchr(val, '=')) != NULL)
1900 cert_userext = xreallocarray(cert_userext, ncert_userext + 1,
1901 sizeof(*cert_userext));
1902 cert_userext[ncert_userext].key = val;
1903 cert_userext[ncert_userext].val = cp == NULL ?
1905 cert_userext[ncert_userext].crit = iscrit;
1908 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1912 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1915 struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1918 if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1919 fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1920 while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1921 sshbuf_free(option);
1923 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1924 (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1925 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1926 printf(" %s", name);
1928 (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1929 strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1930 strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1931 strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1932 strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1934 else if (in_critical &&
1935 (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1936 strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1937 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1938 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1939 __func__, ssh_err(r));
1940 printf(" %s\n", arg);
1943 printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1944 sshbuf_len(option));
1945 sshbuf_reset(option);
1948 if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1949 fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1951 sshbuf_free(option);
1952 sshbuf_free(options);
1956 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
1958 char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1961 key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1962 ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1963 fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1964 if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1965 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1966 sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
1968 printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1969 sshkey_cert_type(key));
1970 printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1971 printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1972 sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1973 printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1974 printf(" Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1975 printf(" Valid: %s\n", valid);
1976 printf(" Principals: ");
1977 if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1980 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1982 key->cert->principals[i]);
1985 printf(" Critical Options: ");
1986 if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1990 show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1992 printf(" Extensions: ");
1993 if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1997 show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
2002 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
2004 struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2006 int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
2008 char *cp, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
2013 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
2014 if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
2015 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
2017 path = identity_file;
2018 if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2022 } else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
2023 fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2025 while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
2028 /* Trim leading space and comments */
2029 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2030 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
2032 if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2033 fatal("sshkey_new");
2034 if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
2035 error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
2039 if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
2040 error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
2044 if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
2045 printf("%s:\n", path);
2047 printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
2056 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
2058 struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
2061 if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2062 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2063 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
2064 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2065 if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
2066 fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
2068 /* XXX check sigs */
2069 if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
2071 fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2072 sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
2076 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
2077 const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
2079 struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2081 char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
2082 unsigned long long serial, serial2;
2083 int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
2086 path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2087 if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2090 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2091 } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2092 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2095 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2096 while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
2098 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
2099 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2100 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2101 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2102 if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2106 if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2107 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2117 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2118 if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2119 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2120 "requires specification of a CA key");
2123 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2125 serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2126 if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2127 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2129 if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2130 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2136 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2137 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2138 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2140 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2141 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2143 if (serial2 <= serial)
2144 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2145 "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2146 (unsigned long long)serial,
2147 (unsigned long long)serial2);
2149 if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2150 ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2151 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2154 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2155 if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2156 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2157 "requires specification of a CA key");
2160 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2161 if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2162 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2164 if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2166 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2167 was_explicit_key = 1;
2168 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2170 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2174 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2175 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2178 if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2179 fatal("sshkey_new");
2180 if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2181 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2182 path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2183 if (was_explicit_key)
2184 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2186 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2188 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2190 fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2191 __func__, ssh_err(r));
2195 if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2201 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2203 struct ssh_krl *krl;
2205 struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2206 int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2208 struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2210 if (*identity_file == '\0')
2211 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2212 if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2213 if (errno != ENOENT)
2214 fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2215 identity_file, strerror(errno));
2217 fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2219 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2220 if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2223 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2224 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2225 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2232 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2233 else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2234 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2236 if (cert_serial != 0)
2237 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2238 if (identity_comment != NULL)
2239 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2241 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2242 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2244 if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2245 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2246 if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2247 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2248 if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2249 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2250 if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2252 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2260 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2264 struct ssh_krl *krl;
2267 if (*identity_file == '\0')
2268 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2269 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2270 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2271 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2272 fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2273 argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2274 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2275 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2276 *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2277 r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2291 "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa]\n"
2292 " [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2293 " ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2294 " ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2295 " ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2296 " ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2297 " ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2298 " ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2299 " ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2300 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2302 " ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2305 " ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2306 " ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2307 " ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2308 " ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2310 " ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2311 " ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2312 " [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2314 " ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-U]\n"
2315 " [-D pkcs11_provider] [-n principals] [-O option]\n"
2316 " [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2317 " ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2319 " ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2321 " ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2326 * Main program for key management.
2329 main(int argc, char **argv)
2331 char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2332 char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2333 struct sshkey *private, *public;
2336 int r, opt, type, fd;
2337 int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2341 /* Moduli generation/screening */
2342 char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2343 u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2344 int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2345 unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2346 BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2350 extern char *optarg;
2352 ssh_malloc_init(); /* must be called before any mallocs */
2353 /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2356 __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2359 OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2361 log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2367 /* we need this for the home * directory. */
2368 pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2370 fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2371 if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2372 fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2374 /* Remaining characters: Ydw */
2375 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQUXceghiklopquvxy"
2376 "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2377 "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2380 gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2383 bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 10, 32768, &errstr);
2385 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2389 fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2390 if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2391 fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2395 rr_hostname = optarg;
2401 cert_key_id = optarg;
2405 rr_hostname = optarg;
2411 print_fingerprint = 1;
2414 print_bubblebabble = 1;
2417 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2418 strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2419 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2422 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2423 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2426 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2427 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2430 fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2432 cert_principals = optarg;
2438 change_passphrase = 1;
2444 if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2445 sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2446 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2453 identity_passphrase = optarg;
2456 identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2462 add_cert_option(optarg);
2465 new_format_cipher = optarg;
2468 identity_comment = optarg;
2479 cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2480 certflags_flags = 0;
2494 ca_key_path = optarg;
2497 key_type_name = optarg;
2500 pkcs11provider = optarg;
2509 if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2510 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2512 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2513 log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2518 rr_hostname = optarg;
2521 rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2523 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2527 parse_cert_times(optarg);
2531 cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2532 if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2533 (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2534 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2537 /* Moduli generation/screening */
2539 do_gen_candidates = 1;
2540 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2542 fatal("Output filename too long");
2545 lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2548 start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2551 if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2552 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2553 checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2556 memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX,
2559 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2562 /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2563 if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2564 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2567 do_screen_candidates = 1;
2568 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2570 fatal("Output filename too long");
2573 generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2576 fatal("Desired generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2579 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2587 log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2592 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2593 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2594 error("Too few arguments.");
2597 } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2598 error("Too many arguments.");
2601 if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2602 error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2605 if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2606 error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2610 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2614 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2617 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2618 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2619 fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2620 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2624 if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2625 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2626 if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2628 if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2630 if (change_passphrase)
2631 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2633 do_change_comment(pw);
2638 do_convert_from(pw);
2641 do_print_public(pw);
2642 if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2645 if (have_identity) {
2646 n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2647 identity_file, rr_hostname);
2649 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2653 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2654 _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2655 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2656 _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2657 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2658 _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2659 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2660 _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2661 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2662 _PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2664 fatal("no keys found.");
2670 if (do_gen_candidates) {
2671 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2674 error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2675 out_file, strerror(errno));
2679 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2680 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2681 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2686 if (do_screen_candidates) {
2688 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2690 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2691 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2692 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2693 "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2700 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2701 out_file, strerror(errno));
2703 if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2704 generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2705 start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2706 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2711 if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2712 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2716 if (key_type_name == NULL)
2717 key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2719 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2720 type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2723 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2725 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2726 fatal("sshkey_generate failed");
2727 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2728 fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2731 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2733 /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2734 snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2735 pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2736 if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2737 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2738 if (errno != ENOENT) {
2739 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2741 } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2742 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2743 dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2745 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2748 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2749 if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2751 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2752 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2754 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2756 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2759 /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2760 if (identity_passphrase)
2761 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2762 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2763 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2767 read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2768 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2769 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2771 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2773 * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
2776 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2777 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2780 printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
2781 goto passphrase_again;
2783 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2784 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2788 if (identity_comment) {
2789 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2791 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2792 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2795 /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2796 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2797 comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2798 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2799 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2800 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2804 /* Clear the passphrase. */
2805 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2808 /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2809 sshkey_free(private);
2812 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2814 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2815 if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2816 fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2817 identity_file, strerror(errno));
2818 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2819 fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2820 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2821 error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2822 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2823 if (ferror(f) || fclose(f) != 0)
2824 fatal("write public failed: %s", strerror(errno));
2827 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2829 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2831 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2832 fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2833 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2835 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2836 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2837 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2843 sshkey_free(public);