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41 .Nd password database operations
49 .Fn getpwent_r "struct passwd *pwd" "char *buffer" "size_t bufsize" "struct passwd **result"
51 .Fn getpwnam "const char *login"
53 .Fn getpwnam_r "const char *name" "struct passwd *pwd" "char *buffer" "size_t bufsize" "struct passwd **result"
55 .Fn getpwuid "uid_t uid"
57 .Fn getpwuid_r "uid_t uid" "struct passwd *pwd" "char *buffer" "size_t bufsize" "struct passwd **result"
59 .Fn setpassent "int stayopen"
66 operate on the password database file
70 Each entry in the database is defined by the structure
75 .Bd -literal -offset indent
77 char *pw_name; /* user name */
78 char *pw_passwd; /* encrypted password */
79 uid_t pw_uid; /* user uid */
80 gid_t pw_gid; /* user gid */
81 time_t pw_change; /* password change time */
82 char *pw_class; /* user access class */
83 char *pw_gecos; /* Honeywell login info */
84 char *pw_dir; /* home directory */
85 char *pw_shell; /* default shell */
86 time_t pw_expire; /* account expiration */
87 int pw_fields; /* internal: fields filled in */
95 search the password database for the given login name or user uid,
96 respectively, always returning the first one encountered.
101 sequentially reads the password database and is intended for programs
102 that wish to process the complete list of users.
109 are thread-safe versions of
115 The caller must provide storage for the results of the search in
123 When these functions are successful, the
125 argument will be filled-in, and a pointer to that argument will be
128 If an entry is not found or an error occurs,
136 accomplishes two purposes.
139 to ``rewind'' to the beginning of the database.
142 is non-zero, file descriptors are left open, significantly speeding
143 up subsequent accesses for all of the routines.
144 (This latter functionality is unnecessary for
146 as it does not close its file descriptors by default.)
148 It is dangerous for long-running programs to keep the file descriptors
149 open as the database will become out of date if it is updated while the
157 with an argument of zero.
162 closes any open files.
164 These routines have been written to ``shadow'' the password file, e.g.\&
165 allow only certain programs to have access to the encrypted password.
166 If the process which calls them has an effective uid of 0, the encrypted
167 password will be returned, otherwise, the password field of the returned
168 structure will point to the string
176 return a valid pointer to a passwd structure on success
179 if the entry is not found or if an error occurs.
180 If an error does occur,
183 Note that programs must explicitly set
185 to zero before calling any of these functions if they need to
186 distinguish between a non-existent entry and an error.
192 return 0 if no error occurred, or an error number to indicate failure.
193 It is not an error if a matching entry is not found.
198 and the return value is 0, no matching entry exists.)
202 function returns 0 on failure and 1 on success.
208 have no return value.
210 .Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
212 The insecure password database file
214 The secure password database file
215 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
216 The current password file
218 A Version 7 format password file
221 The historic function
223 which allowed the specification of alternate password databases,
224 has been deprecated and is no longer available.
226 These routines may fail for any of the errors specified in
232 in addition to the following:
235 The buffer specified by the
239 arguments was insufficiently sized to store the result.
240 The caller should retry with a larger buffer.
245 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
270 functions appeared in
281 functions appeared in
289 leave their results in an internal static object and return
290 a pointer to that object.
293 will modify the same object.
302 are fairly useless in a networked environment and should be
303 avoided, if possible.
309 make no attempt to suppress duplicate information if multiple
310 sources are specified in
311 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 .