1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39 .Nd routines for returning a stream to a remote command
45 .Fn rcmd "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p"
47 .Fn rresvport "int *port"
49 .Fn iruserok "u_long raddr" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
51 .Fn ruserok "const char *rhost" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
53 .Fn rcmd_af "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p" "int af"
55 .Fn rresvport_af "int *port" "int af"
57 .Fn iruserok_sa "const void *addr" "int addrlen" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
62 is used by the super-user to execute a command on
63 a remote machine using an authentication scheme based
64 on reserved port numbers.
68 returns a descriptor to a socket
69 with an address in the privileged port space.
74 to authenticate clients requesting service with
76 All three functions are present in the same file and are used
79 server (among others).
88 returning -1 if the host does not exist.
91 is set to the standard name of the host
92 and a connection is established to a server
93 residing at the well-known Internet port
96 If the connection succeeds,
97 a socket in the Internet domain of type
99 is returned to the caller, and given to the remote
106 is non-zero, then an auxiliary channel to a control
107 process will be set up, and a descriptor for it will be placed
110 The control process will return diagnostic
111 output from the command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also
112 accept bytes on this channel as being
114 signal numbers, to be
115 forwarded to the process group of the command.
120 (unit 2 of the remote
121 command) will be made the same as the
124 provision is made for sending arbitrary signals to the remote process,
125 although you may be able to get its attention by using out-of-band data.
127 The protocol is described in detail in
132 function is used to obtain a socket to which an address with a Privileged
133 Internet port is bound.
134 This socket is suitable for use by
136 and several other functions.
137 Privileged Internet ports are those in the range 0 to 1023.
138 Only the super-user is allowed to bind an address of this sort
145 functions take a remote host's IP address or name, as returned by the
147 routines, two user names and a flag indicating whether the local user's
148 name is that of the super-user.
151 the super-user, it checks the
154 If that lookup is not done, or is unsuccessful, the
156 in the local user's home directory is checked to see if the request for
159 If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by anyone
160 other than the user or the super-user, or is writable by anyone other
161 than the owner, the check automatically fails.
162 Zero is returned if the machine name is listed in the
164 file, or the host and remote user name are found in the
171 If the local domain (as obtained from
173 is the same as the remote domain, only the machine name need be specified.
177 function is strongly preferred for security reasons.
178 It requires trusting the local DNS at most, while the
180 function requires trusting the entire DNS, which can be spoofed.
182 The functions with an
191 work the same as the corresponding functions without a
192 suffix, except that they are capable of handling both IPv6 and IPv4 ports.
196 suffix means that the function has an additional
198 argument which is used to specify the address family,
202 argument extension is implemented for functions
203 that have no binary address argument.
206 argument specifies which address family is desired.
210 suffix means that the function has general socket address and
212 As the socket address is a protocol independent data structure,
213 IPv4 and IPv6 socket address can be passed as desired.
216 argument extension is implemented for functions
217 that pass a protocol dependent binary address argument.
218 The argument needs to be replaced with a more general address structure
219 to support multiple address families in a general way.
221 The functions with neither an
225 suffix work for IPv4 only, except for
227 which can handle both IPv6 and IPv4.
228 To switch the address family, the
230 argument must be filled with
243 function, this variable is used as the program to run instead of
250 returns a valid socket descriptor on success.
251 It returns -1 on error and prints a diagnostic message
252 on the standard error.
257 returns a valid, bound socket descriptor on success.
258 It returns -1 on error with the global value
260 set according to the reason for failure.
263 is overloaded to mean ``All network ports in use.''
274 .%T "Advanced Socket API for IPv6"
281 .%T "Advanced Socket API for IPv6"
286 functions appeared in
291 appeared in RFC2292, and was implemented by the WIDE project
292 for the Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
296 appeared in draft-ietf-ipngwg-rfc2292bis-01.txt,
297 and was implemented in the WIDE/KAME IPv6 protocol stack kit.
301 appeared in discussion on the IETF ipngwg mailing list,
302 and was implemented in