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28 .\" @(#)stat.2 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
45 .Fn stat "const char * restrict path" "struct stat * restrict sb"
47 .Fn lstat "const char * restrict path" "struct stat * restrict sb"
49 .Fn fstat "int fd" "struct stat *sb"
51 .Fn fstatat "int fd" "const char *path" "struct stat *sb" "int flag"
55 system call obtains information about the file pointed to by
57 Read, write or execute
58 permission of the named file is not required, but all directories
59 listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable.
65 except when the named file is a symbolic link,
68 returns information about the link,
71 returns information about the file the link references.
75 system call obtains the same information about an open file
76 known by the file descriptor
81 system call is equivalent to
87 specifies a relative path.
88 In this case the status is retrieved from a file relative to
89 the directory associated with the file descriptor
91 instead of the current working directory.
95 are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from this list,
98 .Bl -tag -width indent
99 .It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
102 names a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned.
107 is passed the special value
111 parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is
112 identical to a call to
116 respectively, depending on whether or not the
117 .Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
123 argument is a pointer to a
128 and into which information is placed concerning the file.
132 related to the file system are:
133 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_nlink"
135 Numeric ID of the device containing the file.
137 The file's inode number.
139 Number of hard links to the file.
141 Flags enabled for the file.
144 for the list of flags and their description.
151 fields together identify the file uniquely within the system.
153 The time-related fields of
156 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_birthtim"
158 Time when file data was last accessed.
159 Changed implicitly by syscalls such as
166 Time when file data was last modified.
167 Changed implicitly by syscalls such as
174 Also, any syscall which modifies directory content changes the
176 for the affected directory.
185 Time when file status was last changed (inode data modification).
186 Changed implicitly by any syscall that affects file metadata, including
196 Also, any syscall which modifies directory content changes the
198 for the affected directory.
207 Time when the inode was created.
210 These time-related macros are defined for compatibility:
212 #define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec
213 #define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
214 #define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
215 #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
216 #define st_birthtime st_birthtim.tv_sec
219 #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
220 #define st_atimespec st_atim
221 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
222 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
223 #define st_birthtimespec st_birthtim
227 Size-related fields of the
230 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_blksize"
234 Optimal I/O block size for the file.
236 Actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units.
237 As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may
241 The access-related fields of
244 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_mode"
246 User ID of the file's owner.
248 Group ID of the file.
250 Status of the file (see below).
253 The status information word
257 #define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file mask */
258 #define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
259 #define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
260 #define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
261 #define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
262 #define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
263 #define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
264 #define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
265 #define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
266 #define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
267 #define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
268 #define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
269 #define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */
270 #define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
271 #define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
272 #define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */
273 #define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */
274 #define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* read permission, group */
275 #define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* write permission, group */
276 #define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* execute/search permission, group */
277 #define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */
278 #define S_IROTH 0000004 /* read permission, other */
279 #define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* write permission, other */
280 #define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* execute/search permission, other */
283 For a list of access modes, see
288 These macros are available to test whether a
292 argument corresponds to a file of the specified type:
293 .Bl -tag -width ".Fn S_ISFIFO m"
295 Test for a block special file.
297 Test for a character special file.
299 Test for a directory.
301 Test for a pipe or FIFO special file.
303 Test for a symbolic link.
305 Test for a regular file.
312 The macros evaluate to a non-zero value if the test is true
313 or to the value 0 if the test is false.
317 Previous versions of the system used different types for the
332 system calls will fail if:
335 Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
342 points to an invalid address.
344 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
346 Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.
348 Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
349 .It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
350 A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
351 or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
353 The named file does not exist.
355 A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
357 The file size in bytes cannot be
358 represented correctly in the structure pointed to by
364 system call will fail if:
370 is not a valid open file descriptor.
375 points to an invalid address.
377 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
379 Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.
381 The file size in bytes cannot be
382 represented correctly in the structure pointed to by
386 In addition to the errors returned by the
395 argument does not specify an absolute path and the
399 nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
403 argument is not valid.
407 argument is not an absolute path and
411 nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
427 system calls are expected to conform to
431 system call follows The Open Group Extended API Set 2 specification.
437 system calls appeared in
441 system call appeared in
445 system call appeared in
451 returns a zeroed buffer,
452 except for the blocksize field,
453 and a unique device and inode number.