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28 .\" @(#)stat.2 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
45 .Fn stat "const char * restrict path" "struct stat * restrict sb"
47 .Fn lstat "const char * restrict path" "struct stat * restrict sb"
49 .Fn fstat "int fd" "struct stat *sb"
51 .Fn fstatat "int fd" "const char *path" "struct stat *buf" "int flag"
55 system call obtains information about the file pointed to by
57 Read, write or execute
58 permission of the named file is not required, but all directories
59 listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable.
65 except when the named file is a symbolic link,
68 returns information about the link,
71 returns information about the file the link references.
75 system call obtains the same information about an open file
76 known by the file descriptor
81 system call is equivalent to
87 specifies a relative path.
88 In this case the status is retrieved from a file relative to
89 the directory associated with the file descriptor
91 instead of the current working directory.
95 are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from this list,
98 .Bl -tag -width indent
99 .It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
102 names a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned.
104 Only stat files and directories below the starting directory.
105 See the description of the
114 is passed the special value
118 parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is
119 identical to a call to
123 respectively, depending on whether or not the
124 .Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
130 argument is a pointer to a
135 and into which information is placed concerning the file.
139 related to the file system are:
140 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_nlink"
142 Numeric ID of the device containing the file.
144 The file's inode number.
146 Number of hard links to the file.
148 Flags enabled for the file.
151 for the list of flags and their description.
158 fields together identify the file uniquely within the system.
160 The time-related fields of
163 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_birthtim"
165 Time when file data was last accessed.
174 Time when file data was last modified.
185 Time when file status was last changed (inode data modification).
206 Time when the inode was created.
209 These time-related macros are defined for compatibility:
211 #define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec
212 #define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
213 #define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
214 #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
215 #define st_birthtime st_birthtim.tv_sec
218 #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
219 #define st_atimespec st_atim
220 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
221 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
222 #define st_birthtimespec st_birthtim
226 Size-related fields of the
229 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_blksize"
233 Optimal I/O block size for the file.
235 Actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units.
236 As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may
240 The access-related fields of
243 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_mode"
245 User ID of the file's owner.
247 Group ID of the file.
249 Status of the file (see below).
252 The status information word
256 #define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file mask */
257 #define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
258 #define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
259 #define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
260 #define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
261 #define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
262 #define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
263 #define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
264 #define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
265 #define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
266 #define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
267 #define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
268 #define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */
269 #define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
270 #define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
271 #define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */
272 #define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */
273 #define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* read permission, group */
274 #define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* write permission, group */
275 #define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* execute/search permission, group */
276 #define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */
277 #define S_IROTH 0000004 /* read permission, other */
278 #define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* write permission, other */
279 #define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* execute/search permission, other */
282 For a list of access modes, see
287 These macros are available to test whether a
291 argument corresponds to a file of the specified type:
292 .Bl -tag -width ".Fn S_ISFIFO m"
294 Test for a block special file.
296 Test for a character special file.
298 Test for a directory.
300 Test for a pipe or FIFO special file.
302 Test for a symbolic link.
304 Test for a regular file.
311 The macros evaluate to a non-zero value if the test is true
312 or to the value 0 if the test is false.
316 Previous versions of the system used different types for the
331 system calls will fail if:
334 Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
341 points to an invalid address.
343 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
345 Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
346 .It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
347 A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
348 or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
350 The named file does not exist.
352 A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
354 The file size in bytes cannot be
355 represented correctly in the structure pointed to by
361 system call will fail if:
367 is not a valid open file descriptor.
372 points to an invalid address.
374 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
376 The file size in bytes cannot be
377 represented correctly in the structure pointed to by
381 In addition to the errors returned by the
390 argument does not specify an absolute path and the
394 nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
398 argument is not valid.
402 argument is not an absolute path and
406 nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
407 .It Bq Er ENOTCAPABLE
410 flag was specified but
412 is not strictly relative to the starting directory.
415 is absolute or includes a ".." component that escapes the starting directory.
431 system calls are expected to conform to
435 system call follows The Open Group Extended API Set 2 specification.
441 system calls appeared in
445 system call appeared in
449 system call appeared in
455 returns a zeroed buffer,
456 except for the blocksize field,
457 and a unique device and inode number.