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28 .\" @(#)stat.2 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
45 .Fn stat "const char * restrict path" "struct stat * restrict sb"
47 .Fn lstat "const char * restrict path" "struct stat * restrict sb"
49 .Fn fstat "int fd" "struct stat *sb"
51 .Fn fstatat "int fd" "const char *path" "struct stat *buf" "int flag"
55 system call obtains information about the file pointed to by
57 Read, write or execute
58 permission of the named file is not required, but all directories
59 listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable.
65 except when the named file is a symbolic link,
68 returns information about the link,
71 returns information about the file the link references.
75 system call obtains the same information about an open file
76 known by the file descriptor
81 system call is equivalent to
87 specifies a relative path, or the
94 the status is retrieved from a file relative to
95 the directory associated with the file descriptor
97 instead of the current working directory.
102 the status is retrieved from a file specified by the
104 but additional permission checks are performed, see below.
108 are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from this list,
111 .Bl -tag -width indent
112 .It Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
115 names a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned.
117 Only stat files and directories below the topping directory.
118 See the description of the
127 is passed the special value
131 parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is
132 identical to a call to
136 respectively, depending on whether or not the
137 .Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
143 is called with an absolute
152 is specified with an absolute
154 a directory passed by the
156 argument is used as the topping point for the resolution.
160 argument is a pointer to a
165 and into which information is placed concerning the file.
169 related to the file system are:
170 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_nlink"
172 Numeric ID of the device containing the file.
174 The file's inode number.
176 Number of hard links to the file.
178 Flags enabled for the file.
181 for the list of flags and their description.
188 fields together identify the file uniquely within the system.
190 The time-related fields of
193 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_birthtim"
195 Time when file data was last accessed.
204 Time when file data was last modified.
215 Time when file status was last changed (inode data modification).
236 Time when the inode was created.
239 These time-related macros are defined for compatibility:
241 #define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec
242 #define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
243 #define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
244 #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
245 #define st_birthtime st_birthtim.tv_sec
248 #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
249 #define st_atimespec st_atim
250 #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
251 #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
252 #define st_birthtimespec st_birthtim
256 Size-related fields of the
259 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_blksize"
263 Optimal I/O block size for the file.
265 Actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units.
266 As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may
270 The access-related fields of
273 .Bl -tag -width ".Va st_mode"
275 User ID of the file's owner.
277 Group ID of the file.
279 Status of the file (see below).
282 The status information word
286 #define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file mask */
287 #define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
288 #define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
289 #define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
290 #define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
291 #define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
292 #define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
293 #define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
294 #define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
295 #define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
296 #define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
297 #define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
298 #define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */
299 #define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
300 #define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
301 #define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */
302 #define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */
303 #define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* read permission, group */
304 #define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* write permission, group */
305 #define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* execute/search permission, group */
306 #define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */
307 #define S_IROTH 0000004 /* read permission, other */
308 #define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* write permission, other */
309 #define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* execute/search permission, other */
312 For a list of access modes, see
317 These macros are available to test whether a
321 argument corresponds to a file of the specified type:
322 .Bl -tag -width ".Fn S_ISFIFO m"
324 Test for a block special file.
326 Test for a character special file.
328 Test for a directory.
330 Test for a pipe or FIFO special file.
332 Test for a symbolic link.
334 Test for a regular file.
341 The macros evaluate to a non-zero value if the test is true
342 or to the value 0 if the test is false.
346 Previous versions of the system used different types for the
361 system calls will fail if:
364 Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
371 points to an invalid address.
373 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
375 Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
376 .It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
377 A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
378 or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
380 The named file does not exist.
382 A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
384 The file size in bytes cannot be
385 represented correctly in the structure pointed to by
391 system call will fail if:
397 is not a valid open file descriptor.
402 points to an invalid address.
404 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
406 The file size in bytes cannot be
407 represented correctly in the structure pointed to by
411 In addition to the errors returned by the
420 argument does not specify an absolute path and the
424 nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
428 argument is not valid.
432 argument is not an absolute path and
436 nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
437 .It Bq Er ENOTCAPABLE
440 or contained a ".." component leading to a
441 directory outside of the directory hierarchy specified by
443 and the process is in capability mode.
444 .It Bq Er ENOTCAPABLE
451 does not have its tail fully contained under the topping directory,
470 system calls are expected to conform to
474 system call follows The Open Group Extended API Set 2 specification.
480 system calls appeared in
484 system call appeared in
488 system call appeared in
494 returns a zeroed buffer,
495 except for the blocksize field,
496 and a unique device and inode number.