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1 /* @(#)s_cbrt.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
2 /*
3  * ====================================================
4  * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
8  * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
9  * is preserved.
10  * ====================================================
11  */
12
13 #ifndef lint
14 static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD$";
15 #endif
16
17 #include "math.h"
18 #include "math_private.h"
19
20 /* cbrt(x)
21  * Return cube root of x
22  */
23 static const u_int32_t
24         B1 = 715094163, /* B1 = (682-0.03306235651)*2**20 */
25         B2 = 696219795; /* B2 = (664-0.03306235651)*2**20 */
26
27 static const double
28 C =  5.42857142857142815906e-01, /* 19/35     = 0x3FE15F15, 0xF15F15F1 */
29 D = -7.05306122448979611050e-01, /* -864/1225 = 0xBFE691DE, 0x2532C834 */
30 E =  1.41428571428571436819e+00, /* 99/70     = 0x3FF6A0EA, 0x0EA0EA0F */
31 F =  1.60714285714285720630e+00, /* 45/28     = 0x3FF9B6DB, 0x6DB6DB6E */
32 G =  3.57142857142857150787e-01; /* 5/14      = 0x3FD6DB6D, 0xB6DB6DB7 */
33
34 double
35 cbrt(double x)
36 {
37         int32_t hx;
38         double r,s,t=0.0,w;
39         u_int32_t sign;
40         u_int32_t high,low;
41
42         GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
43         sign=hx&0x80000000;             /* sign= sign(x) */
44         hx  ^=sign;
45         if(hx>=0x7ff00000) return(x+x); /* cbrt(NaN,INF) is itself */
46         GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
47         if((hx|low)==0)
48             return(x);          /* cbrt(0) is itself */
49
50         SET_HIGH_WORD(x,hx);    /* x <- |x| */
51     /* rough cbrt to 5 bits */
52         if(hx<0x00100000)               /* subnormal number */
53           {SET_HIGH_WORD(t,0x43500000); /* set t= 2**54 */
54            t*=x; GET_HIGH_WORD(high,t); SET_HIGH_WORD(t,high/3+B2);
55           }
56         else
57           SET_HIGH_WORD(t,hx/3+B1);
58
59
60     /* new cbrt to 23 bits, may be implemented in single precision */
61         r=t*t/x;
62         s=C+r*t;
63         t*=G+F/(s+E+D/s);
64
65     /* chopped to 20 bits and make it larger than cbrt(x) */
66         GET_HIGH_WORD(high,t);
67         INSERT_WORDS(t,high+0x00000001,0);
68
69
70     /* one step newton iteration to 53 bits with error less than 0.667 ulps */
71         s=t*t;          /* t*t is exact */
72         r=x/s;
73         w=t+t;
74         r=(r-t)/(w+r);  /* r-s is exact */
75         t=t+t*r;
76
77     /* retore the sign bit */
78         GET_HIGH_WORD(high,t);
79         SET_HIGH_WORD(t,high|sign);
80         return(t);
81 }