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29 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
31 <corpauthor>The &os; Project</corpauthor>
33 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
44 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
47 <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
57 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
58 of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
59 &release.branch; development line.
60 This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
61 the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os;
63 Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
68 <title>Introduction</title>
70 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
72 describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;.
73 It also provides some notes on upgrading
74 from previous versions of &os;.</para>
76 <![ %release.type.current [
78 <para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
79 apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development
80 branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary
81 &release.type; distributions along this branch
82 can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
86 <![ %release.type.snapshot [
88 <para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
89 apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
90 branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;.
92 pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch
93 can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
97 <![ %release.type.release [
99 <para>This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a
100 &release.type; distribution. It can be found at <ulink
101 url="&release.url;"></ulink> or any of its mirrors. More
102 information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type;
103 distributions of &os; can be found in the <ulink
104 url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
105 &os;</quote> appendix</ulink> to the <ulink
106 url="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
107 Handbook</ulink>.</para>
111 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
112 installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
113 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
114 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
115 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
116 documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
117 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
122 <title>What's New</title>
124 <para>This section describes
125 the most user-visible new or changed features in &os;
126 since &release.prev;.
127 In general, changes described here are unique to the &release.branch;
128 branch unless specifically marked as &merged; features.
131 <para>Typical release note items
132 document recent security advisories issued after
134 new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
135 major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also
136 list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
137 practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single
138 change made to &os; between releases; this document focuses
139 primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major
140 architectural improvements.</para>
142 <sect2 id="security">
143 <title>Security Advisories</title>
145 <para>A temporary file vulnerability in &man.texindex.1;, which
146 could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context
147 of a user running the &man.texindex.1; utility, has been fixed.
148 For more details see security advisory <ulink
149 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</ulink>. &merged;</para>
151 <para>A temporary file vulnerability in the &man.ee.1; text
152 editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in
153 the context of a user running &man.ee.1;, has been fixed. For
154 more details see security advisory <ulink
155 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</ulink>. &merged;</para>
157 <para>Several vulnerabilities in the &man.cpio.1; utility have
158 been corrected. For more
159 details see security advisory <ulink
160 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</ulink>. &merged;</para>
162 <para>An error in &man.ipfw.4; IP fragment handling, which could
163 cause a crash, has been fixed. For more
164 details see security advisory <ulink
165 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw</ulink>. &merged;</para>
167 <para>A potential buffer overflow in the IEEE 802.11 scanning code
168 has been corrected. For more
169 details see security advisory <ulink
170 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211</ulink>. &merged;</para>
172 <para>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be
173 disclosed to users have been fixed. For more details see
174 security advisory <ulink
175 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</ulink>. &merged;</para>
177 <para>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in &man.pf.4;, which
178 could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed.
179 For more details see security advisory <ulink
180 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</ulink>. &merged;</para>
182 <para>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when
183 the server received a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed.
184 For more details see security advisory <ulink
185 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</ulink>. &merged;</para>
187 <para>A programming error in the &man.fast.ipsec.4; implementation
188 results in the sequence number associated with a Security
189 Association not being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally
190 pass sequence number verification checks, has been fixed.
191 For more details see security advisory <ulink
192 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</ulink>. &merged;</para>
194 <para>A logic bug that could cause &man.opiepasswd.1; to allow an unprivileged
195 user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under certain
196 circumstances, has been fixed.
197 For more details see security advisory <ulink
198 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</ulink>. &merged;</para>
200 <para>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in &man.sendmail.8;,
201 which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the
202 privileges of the user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed.
203 For more details see security advisory <ulink
204 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
206 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386] An information disclosure issue found in the
207 &os; kernel running on 7th- and 8th-generation AMD processors
208 has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <ulink
209 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu</ulink>. &merged;</para>
211 <para>A bug in &man.ypserv.8;, which effectively disabled the
212 <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename> access control mechanism,
213 has been corrected. More details are available in security
215 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv</ulink>. &merged;</para>
217 <para>A bug in the smbfs file system, which could allow an
218 attacker to escape out of &man.chroot.2 environments on an smbfs
219 mounted file system, has been fixed. For more details, see
221 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs</ulink>. &merged;</para>
223 <para>A potential denial of service problem in &man.sendmail.8;
224 caused by excessive recursion which leads to stack
225 exhaustion when attempting delivery of a malformed
226 MIME message, has been fixed. For more details,
227 see security advisory <ulink
228 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
230 <para>A potential buffer overflow condition in &man.sppp.4; has
231 been corrected. For more details, see security advisory
232 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp</ulink>. &merged;</para>
234 <para>An OpenSSL bug related to validation of PKCS#1 v1.5
235 signatures has been fixed. For more details, see security
237 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl</ulink>. &merged;</para>
239 <para>A potential denial of service attack against &man.named.8;
240 has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory
241 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind</ulink>. &merged;</para>
243 <para>Several programming errors have been fixed in &man.gzip.1;.
244 They could have the effect of causing a crash or an infinite
245 loop when decompressing files. More information can be found in
247 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip</ulink>. &merged;</para>
249 <para>Several vulnerabilities have been fixed in OpenSSH. More
250 details can be found in security advisory
251 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh</ulink>. &merged;</para>
253 <para>Multiple errors in the OpenSSL &man.crypto.3; library have
254 been fixed. Potential effects are varied, and are documented in
255 more detail in security advisory
256 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl</ulink>. &merged;</para>
258 <para>A bug that could permit corrupt archives to cause an
259 infinite loop in &man.libarchive.3; and &man.tar.1; has been
260 fixed. More details are available in
261 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive</ulink>. &merged;</para>
263 <para>A bug that could allow users in
264 the <groupname>operator</groupname> group to read parts of kernel
265 memory has been corrected. For more details, consult security
267 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem</ulink>. &merged;</para>
269 <para>A bug in the <filename>jail</filename> startup script that
270 could permit privilege escalation via a symlink attack has been
271 fixed. More information is available in
272 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
274 <para>Two remote denials of service in BIND (one involving DNSSEC and
275 one involving recursive DNS queries) have been fixed. For more
276 information, see security advisory
277 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind.asc">FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind</ulink>. &merged;</para>
282 <title>Kernel Changes</title>
284 <para>&man.acpi.4; now has basic support for the HPET time counter.</para>
286 <para>The &man.acpi.ibm.4; driver now supports setting the fan control
287 mode to manual or automatic, and adjusting the fan speed if the
288 fan control mode is manual. To enable manual control of the fan speed,
289 the sysctl variable <varname>dev.acpi_ibm.<replaceable>0</replaceable>.fan</varname>
290 needs to be set to zero (manual). This should only be used with
291 extreme precaution, as disabling automatic fan control might
292 overheat the hardware and lead to permanent damage.</para>
294 <para>The &man.apm.4; suspend/resume support has been improved.</para>
296 <para>Security event auditing is now supported in the &os; kernel,
297 and is enabled by the <literal>AUDIT</literal> kernel
298 configuration option. More information can be found in the
299 &man.audit.4; manual page.</para>
301 <para>The <literal>options COMPAT_43</literal> kernel
302 configuration option has been deemed unnecessary and has been
303 removed from <filename>GENERIC</filename> and related kernel
304 configurations. This change may result in a small performance
305 increase for some workloads.</para>
307 <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the <literal>show lock</literal>
308 command. If the argument has a valid lock class,
309 this displays various information about the lock and calls a
310 new function pointer in lock_class (lc_ddb_show) to dump class-specific
311 information about the lock as well (such as the owner of a mutex or
312 xlock'ed sx lock). &merged;</para>
314 <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the <literal>show sleepq</literal>
315 command. This takes a wait channel as an argument and looks
316 for a sleep queue associated with that wait channel.</para>
318 <para><filename>DEFAULTS</filename> kernel configuration files
319 for each platform have been added. These files contain
320 directives that are implicitly included in all kernel
321 configurations, and generally include basic, mandatory
322 functionality for each platform. &merged;</para>
324 <para>A bug in file descriptor handling such that a simple
325 <literal>close(0); dup(fd)</literal> sequence does not return
326 descriptor <literal>0</literal> in some cases, has been fixed.</para>
328 <para>The &man.firmware.9; subsystem has been added. This
329 subsystem provides a mechanism
330 to load binary data into the kernel via a specially crafted module.
333 <para>The &man.gdb.1; remote debugging interface now supports
334 copying console messages to a remote debugger instance.
335 To enable this, set <literal>debug.gdbcons="1"</literal>
336 in <filename>loader.conf</filename>, enter <literal>boot -d;
337 gdb; step</literal> from the loader prompt,
338 then attach &man.gdb.1; from a remote machine.
339 The sysctl variable <varname>debug.gdbcons</varname> can be
340 used to turn on/off this functionality.</para>
342 <para>&man.hwpmc.4; and &man.pmcstat.8; now support profiling
343 of dynamically loaded kernel modules and
344 shared objects loaded with &man.dlopen.3;.
345 &man.pmcstat.8; can now log over a network socket
346 to a remote host.</para>
348 <para>Support for Kernel Scheduled Entities (KSE) is now a kernel
349 option (previously it was a mandatory feature in the kernel).
350 It is enabled in the GENERIC kernel (thus there is no change in
351 functionality) for all platforms except sun4v.</para>
353 <para>The &man.random.4; entropy device driver is now MPSAFE.
356 <para>&os; now supports concurrent &man.read.2;/&man.readv.2;
357 access to a file.</para>
359 <para>The experimental CORE process scheduler has been added,
360 enabled with the <literal>options SCHED_CORE</literal> kernel
361 configuration option. It is forked from the &man.sched.ule.4;
363 with a different algorithm for detecting an interactive process.
364 More information can be found in the &man.sched.core.4; manual
367 <para>The <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> signal queuing has been
368 added. For each child process whose status has been changed,
369 a <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> instance is queued. If the signal is still pending,
370 and the process changed status several times, the signal information
371 is updated to reflect the latest process status.
372 There is a loader tunable <varname>kern.sigqueue.queue_sigchild</varname>
373 which can control the behavior, setting it to zero disables the
374 <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> queuing feature.</para>
376 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Instead of including all of physical
377 memory in a kernel crash dump, the kernel now defaults to dumping only pages that are
378 actively mapped into kernel virtual memory. A new
379 <varname>debug.minidump</varname> sysctl variable
380 can be used to turn off this behavior when set to zero. &merged;</para>
382 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>kern.malloc_stats</varname>
383 has been added. This allows exporting of kernel malloc
384 statistics via a binary structure stream.</para>
386 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>kern.forcesigexit</varname>
387 has been added. This forces a process
388 to sigexit if a trap signal is being held by the current thread or
389 ignored by the current process. It is enabled by default.</para>
391 <para>The pcvt(4) driver, an alternative to &man.syscons.4;,
392 has been removed, as it had fallen out of sync with the rest
393 of the kernel.</para>
395 <para>RedZone, a buffer corruption protection for the kernel &man.malloc.9;
396 facility has been implemented. This detects both buffer underflows and
397 overflows at runtime on &man.free.9; and &man.realloc.9;,
398 and prints backtraces from where memory was allocated and from where
399 it was freed. For more details, see the &man.redzone.9; manual page.</para>
401 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>security.mac.biba.interfaces_equal</varname>
402 which makes all network interfaces be created with the label
403 <literal>biba/equal(equal-equal)</literal>, has been added.
404 This is useful where programs such as &man.dhclient.8; and &man.ppp.8;.
405 which initialize network interfaces do not have any labeling support.
406 This variable is set as <literal>0</literal> (disabled) by default.
409 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>vm.zone_stats</varname>
410 has been added. This allows to export &man.uma.9; allocator
411 statistics via a binary structure stream.</para>
413 <para>The sysctl variable <varname>hw.pci.do_powerstate</varname>
414 has been changed from a boolean to a range.
415 <literal>0</literal> means no power management,
416 <literal>1</literal> means conservative power management which
417 any device class that has caused problems is added to the watch list,
418 <literal>2</literal> means aggressive power management where
419 any device class that is not fundamental to the system is added to the list,
420 and <literal>3</literal> means power them all down unconditionally.
421 The default is <literal>1</literal>.</para>
423 <para>[&arch.ia64;] The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel now enables
424 SMP support by default.</para>
426 <para>Sample kernel configuration files
427 <filename>src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/MAC</filename>
428 for the Mandatory Access Control framework have been added.</para>
430 <para><varname>POSIX_TIMERS</varname> support has been updated to 200112L.</para>
432 <para>An experimental support for POSIX message queue has been
435 <para>&os; now runs on the Xbox, whose architecture is nearly identical
436 to the i386. For details of the latest development, see
437 <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/xbox.html"></ulink>.
441 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
443 <para>A new option <option>-S</option>,
444 which allows setting the <filename>boot2</filename>
445 serial console speed in the <filename>/boot.config</filename>
446 file or on the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt line,
447 has been added.</para>
449 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] A new loader tunable
450 <varname>comconsole_speed</varname> to change
451 the serial console speed has been added.
452 If the previous stage boot loader requested a serial console,
453 then the default speed is determined from the current serial port
454 speed. Otherwise it is set to 9600 or the value of
455 the <literal>BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED</literal> kernel option.
458 <!-- Above this line, order boot loader changes by keyword-->
460 <para>[&arch.pc98;] A bootable CDROM loader has been implemented
461 for the pc98 platform. &merged;</para>
463 <para>[&arch.i386;] A bug in the i386 boot loader, which could
464 cause file system corruption if
465 a <filename>nextboot.conf</filename> file was used and landed
466 after cylinder 1023, has been fixed. &merged;</para>
471 <title>Hardware Support</title>
473 <para>The &man.amdsmb.4; driver has been added. It provides
474 support for the AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 controller. &merged;</para>
476 <para>The &man.cardbus.4;, &man.pccard.4;,
477 &man.pccbb.4;, and &man.exca.4; drivers are now buildable
478 as kernel modules.</para>
480 <para>An &man.acpi.dock.4; driver has been added to provide
481 support for controlling laptop docking station functions via
484 <para>The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports
485 passive cooling. &merged;</para>
487 <para>The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports overriding
488 the <literal>_PSV</literal>, <literal>_HOT</literal>, and
489 <literal>_CRT</literal> temperature values.</para>
491 <para>Support for the alpha architecture has been removed. Alpha
492 support will remain on the RELENG_5 and RELENG_6 codelines.</para>
494 <para>The &man.cardbus.4; driver now supports
495 <filename>/dev/cardbus<replaceable>%d</replaceable>.cis</filename>.</para>
497 <para>[&arch.i386, &arch.pc98;] The &man.ce.4; driver,
498 which supports Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 adapters, has been added.
501 <para>The <literal>est</literal> &man.cpufreq.4; driver now supports
502 frequency control for the VIA C7-M family of processors.</para>
504 <para>Support for the PadLock Security Co-processor in VIA C3,
506 processors has been added to the &man.crypto.9; subsystem.
507 More information can be found in the &man.padlock.4; manual
511 <para>A bug which prevented the &man.ichsmb.4; kernel module
512 from unloading has been fixed.</para>
514 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Dual-core processors (such as the Intel
515 Core Duo) now have both cores available for use by
516 default in SMP-enabled kernels. &merged;</para>
518 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] &man.ipmi.4;, an OpenIPMI compatible driver,
520 OpenIPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) is an open
521 standard designed to enable remote monitoring and control of server,
522 networking and telecommunication platforms. &merged;</para>
524 <para>The &man.kbdmux.4; driver has been integrated into &man.syscons.4; and
525 the <devicename>kbd</devicename> device driver.
526 By default &man.syscons.4; will look for the &man.kbdmux.4;
527 keyboard first, and then, if not found, look for any keyboard.
528 Switching to &man.kbdmux.4; can be done at boot time by loading
529 the <literal>kbdmux</literal> kernel module via &man.loader.8;,
530 or at runtime via &man.kldload.8; and releasing the active
531 keyboard. &merged;</para>
533 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.kbdmux.4; driver is now included in the
534 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default.
535 Also, the <quote>Boot FreeBSD with USB keyboard</quote>
536 menu item in the boot loader menu has been removed
537 since this fixes USB keyboard probing problems.
540 <para>The &man.nfsmb.4; driver, which supports the NVIDIA nForce
541 2/3/4 SMBus 2.0 controller, has been added. &merged;</para>
543 <para>[&arch.ia64;] The loader tunable <varname>debug.mpsafevfs</varname>
544 is set to <literal>1</literal> by default.</para>
546 <para>The &man.sab.4; driver has been removed (it has been
547 superceded by the &man.scc.4; driver).</para>
549 <para>The &man.scc.4; driver has been added.
550 This provides generic support for serial communications
551 controllers and delegates the control over each channel
552 and mode to a subordinate driver such as &man.uart.4;.</para>
554 <para>[&arch.amd64;] The smbios(4) driver support for amd64 has been
557 <para>[&arch.sun4v;] &os; now has preliminary support for the Sun Microsystems
558 UltraSPARC-T1 architecture. &os;/sun4v has been demonstrated
559 to run on the Sun Fire T1000 and Sun Fire T2000 servers.
560 More information can be found on the
561 <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/sun4v.html">sun4v
565 <para>The tnt4882(4) driver, which supports the National Instruments
566 PCI-GPIB card, has been added.</para>
568 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.ia64;, &arch.sparc64;] The &man.uart.4; driver has been included in the
569 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default.
570 When both &man.sio.4; and &man.uart.4; can handle a given serial port,
571 &man.sio.4; will claim it.</para>
573 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver now supports LOM (Lights Out Management)
574 and RSC (Remote System Control) devices as consoles.</para>
576 <para>[&arch.i386;] A new loader tunable
577 <varname>hw.apic.enable_extint</varname> has been added.
578 This tunable can be used to disable masking of the ExtINT pin on the first
579 I/O APIC. At least one chipset for the Intel Pentium III seems
580 to need this, even though all of the pins in the 8259As are masked.
581 The default is still to mask the ExtINT pin.</para>
583 <para>[&arch.i386;] Support has been improved for
584 so-called <quote>legacy-free</quote> hardware, in particular,
585 i386 systems without AT-style keyboard controllers such as the
586 Macbook Pro. &merged;</para>
589 <title>Multimedia Support</title>
591 <para>The &man.agp.4; driver now supports ATI AGP chipsets.
594 <para>The new midi(4) driver which is based on NetBSD's one
595 has been added. This supports &man.snd.cmi.4; and
596 &man.snd.emu10k1.4; drivers.</para>
598 <para>The &man.sound.4; driver now supports
599 wider range sampling rate, multiple precisions choice,
600 and 24/32 bit PCM format conversion. &merged;</para>
602 <para>The &man.snd.als4000.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
604 <para>The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver has been added.
605 This supports ATI IXP 200/300/400 series audio controllers. &merged;</para>
607 <para>The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver now supports
608 suspend and resume features.</para>
610 <para>The &man.snd.cmi.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
612 <para>The &man.snd.emu10kx.4; driver has been added. It
613 supports Creative SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy series sound
614 cards with optional pseudo-multichannel playback.</para>
616 <para>The &man.snd.envy24.4; driver has been added to support
617 the Envy24 series of audio chips.</para>
619 <para>The &man.snd.es137x.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
621 <para>The &man.snd.ich.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
623 <para>The &man.snd.solo.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
625 <para>The &man.snd.via8233.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
627 <para>The &man.snd.via82c686.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
629 <para>[&arch.amd64;] The &man.speaker.4; driver now supports &os;/amd64. &merged;</para>
631 <para>The &man.uaudio.4; driver now supports 24/32 bit audio
632 formats and conversion.</para>
636 <title>Network Interface Support</title>
638 <para>The &man.ath.4; driver has been updated to
639 HAL version 0.9.17.2. &merged;</para>
641 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;, &arch.sparc64;]
642 The &man.ath.4;, &man.ath.hal.4;, and
643 <literal>ath_rate_sample</literal> drivers have been
644 included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by
645 default. &merged;</para>
647 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.bce.4; driver, which supports Broadcom
648 NetXtreme II (BCM5706/BCM5708) PCI/PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controllers,
649 has been added. For more details, see &man.bce.4;. &merged;</para>
651 <para>A bug which prevents the &man.bfe.4; driver from working
652 on a system with over 1GB RAM has been fixed. &merged;</para>
654 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver's Jumbo frame support is now MPSAFE.</para>
656 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver now supports big-endian
657 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
659 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver now supports &man.polling.4; mode.
662 <para>The &man.cm.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
664 <para>The &man.dc.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
666 <para>The &man.de.4; driver has been converted to the &man.bus.dma.9;
667 API and is now MPSAFE.</para>
669 <para>The &man.ed.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
671 <para>The &man.el.4; driver has been removed due to lack of use.</para>
673 <para>The &man.em.4; driver now supports big-endian
674 architectures such as sparc64. &merged;</para>
676 <para>The &man.em.4; driver has been updated to
677 version 6.2.9 from Intel. Among other changes, it now supports
678 80003, 82571, 82571EB and 82572 based adapters, as well as
679 onboard-NICs on ICH8-based motherboards. &merged;</para>
681 <para>The &man.em.4; driver now includes
682 initial support for suspend and resume features.</para>
684 <para>The performance of the &man.em.4; driver has been improved
685 by using a fast interrupt handler and taskqueue
686 instead of ithread handler. This change can be disabled
687 by defining <literal>NO_EM_FASTINTR</literal> kernel option
688 for debugging purpose.</para>
690 <para>The &man.iwi.4; driver now supports big-endian
691 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
693 <para>A number of improvements and bugfixes have been made to the
694 functionality of the &man.iwi.4; driver. This driver now
695 requires the firmware image in the
696 <filename role="package">net/iwi-firmware-kmod</filename>
697 port/package; prior versions of this driver used the
698 <filename role="package">net/iwi-firmware</filename>
699 port/package. &merged;</para>
701 <para>The &man.le.4; driver, which supports AMD Am7900 LANCE
702 and Am79C9xx PCnet NICs,
703 has been added. While the &man.lnc.4; driver also supports these
704 NICs, this driver has several advantages over it such as
705 MPSAFE, ALTQ, VLAN_MTU, ifmedia, and 32-bit DMA for PCI
706 variants. This driver is based on NetBSD's implementation.
709 <para>The &man.lge.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
711 <para>The lnc(4) driver has been removed. The &man.le.4; and
712 &man.pcn.4; drivers support all devices that were supported
715 <para>The &man.msk.4; driver has been added. It supports
716 network interfaces using the Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II
717 Gigabit Ethernet controller.</para>
719 <para>The &man.my.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
721 <para>The &man.my.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged;</para>
723 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.mxge.4; driver,
724 which supports Myricom Myri10GE 10 Gigabit Ethernet
725 adapters, has been added. For more details, see
728 <para>The &man.nfe.4; driver, an open-source driver for nForce
729 Ethernet devices, has been added, originally from
732 <para>The &man.nve.4; driver has been updated to version 1.0-0310
733 (23-Nov-2005). It also now has &man.altq.4; support. &merged;</para>
735 <para>The &man.pcn.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
737 <para>The &man.re.4; driver now supports the D-Link DGE-528(T)
738 Gigabit Ethernet card.</para>
740 <para>The &man.sf.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
742 <para>The &man.sk.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
744 <para>The &man.ste.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
746 <para>The &man.stge.4; driver has been added. It supports the
747 Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet controller and was
748 ported from NetBSD. &merged;</para>
750 <para>The &man.ti.4; driver now supports big-endian
751 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
753 <para>The &man.ufoma.4; driver for
754 FOMA (third generation mobile phone system by NTT DoCoMo, Inc.
755 in Japan) has been added.
756 This should support other third generation mobile phones
757 since the driver is based on USB Implementation Guideline
758 from MCPC (Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium) in Japan.</para>
760 <para>The vgapci(4) driver has been added. This is a stub
761 device driver for VGA PCI devices and serves as a bus
762 so that other drivers such as drm(4),
763 &man.acpi.video.4;, and &man.agp.4; can attach to
764 it thus allowing multiple drivers for the same device.</para>
766 <para>The &man.wi.4; driver is now buildable as
767 a kernel module.</para>
769 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.wlan.wep.4;,
770 &man.wlan.ccmp.4;, and &man.wlan.tkip.4; drivers
771 have been included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename>
772 kernel by default.</para>
774 <para>The network interface groups feature has been imported
775 from OpenBSD. This feature allows an administrator to, for
776 example, apply firewall rules to an entire group of
777 interfaces. More information can be found in
778 &man.ifconfig.8;.</para>
783 <sect3 id="net-proto">
784 <title>Network Protocols</title>
786 <para>The &man.arp.4; retransmission algorithm has been
787 rewritten so that ARP requests are retransmitted without
788 suppression, while there is demand for such ARP entry.
789 Due to this change, a sysctl variable
790 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.host_down_time</varname>
791 has been removed. &merged;</para>
793 <para>The &man.arp.4; protocol now supports a sysctl variable
794 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_permanent_modify</varname>
795 to suppress logging of attempts to modify
796 permanent ARP entries. &merged;</para>
798 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] An experimental BPF Just-In-Time compiler
799 has been implemented for both &man.bpf.4; and &man.ng.bpf.4;.
801 <literal>options BPF_JITTER</literal> kernel option is needed.
802 The <varname>net.bpf_jitter.enable</varname>
803 can be used to disable this feature.</para>
805 <para>Multiple copies of a packet received via different
806 &man.bpf.4; listeners now all have identical
807 timestamps. &merged;</para>
809 <para>The bridge(4) driver has been removed from the tree. Its
810 functionality has been completely replaced by
811 &man.if.bridge.4;.</para>
813 <para>The &man.enc.4; IPsec filtering pseudo-device has been
814 added. It allows firewall packages using the &man.pfil.9;
815 framework to examine (and filter) IPsec traffic before
816 outbound encryption and after inbound decryption. &merged;</para>
818 <para>The &man.gre.4; driver, which is for GRE encapsulation
819 found in RFC 1701 and RFC 1702, now supports IPv6 over GRE.</para>
821 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports
822 creating SPAN ports, which transmit a copy of every frame
823 received by the bridge. This feature can be enabled
824 by using &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged;</para>
826 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports
827 RFC 3378 EtherIP. This change makes it possible to
828 add &man.gif.4; interfaces to bridges, which will then
829 send and receive IP protocol 97 packets.
830 Packets are Ethernet frames with an EtherIP header prepended.
833 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports RSTP, the Rapid
834 Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w).</para>
836 <para>A hard-coded limit on the number of IPv4 multicast group
837 memberships (formerly 20) has been removed.</para>
839 <para>The path MTU discovery for multicast packets in the &os;
840 IPv6 stack has been disabled by default.
841 Path MTU notification from a large number of multicast routers
842 can be a kind of distributed Denial-of-Service attack to a router.
843 This feature can be re-enabled by using a new sysctl variable
844 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.mcast_pmtu</varname>. &merged;</para>
846 <para>IPv6 link-local addresses are now enabled only
847 if <varname>ipv6_enable</varname> is set in &man.rc.conf.5;.
850 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; IP packet filter now supports IPv6. &merged;</para>
852 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; firewall system now supports
853 a <literal>tablearg</literal> feature, which allows
854 values obtained from a table lookup to be used as part of a
856 This feature can be used to optimize some rulesets
857 or to implement policy-based routing inside a firewall.
858 For example, the following rules will throw different
859 packets to different pipes:</para>
861 <programlisting>pipe 1000 config bw 1000Kbyte/s
862 pipe 4000 config bw 4000Kbyte/s
863 table 1 add x.x.x.x 1000
864 table 1 add x.x.x.y 4000
865 pipe tablearg ip from table(1) to any</programlisting>
867 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; packet filter now supports
868 <literal>tag</literal> and <literal>untag</literal> rule keywords.
869 When a packet matches a rule with the <literal>tag</literal>
870 keyword, the numeric tag for the given number in the range
871 from 0 to 65535 will be attached to the packet.
872 The tag acts as an internal marker (it is not sent out over
873 the wire) that can be used to identify these packets later on,
874 for example, by using <literal>tagged</literal>
875 rule option. For more details, see &man.ipfw.8;. &merged;</para>
877 <para>The <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</literal> kernel
878 option has been removed. This option was used to permit
879 &man.ipfw.4; to redirect packets with local destinations.
880 This behavior is now always enabled when
881 the <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</literal> kernel option is
882 enabled. &merged;</para>
884 <para>The ip6fw(8) packet filter has been removed. Since &man.ipfw.4; has gained
885 IPv6 support, it should be used instead. Please note that some rules might need
886 to be adjusted.</para>
888 <para>The &man.natm.4;, Native Mode ATM protocol layer is now MPSAFE.</para>
890 <para>The &man.ng.ether.4; Netgraph node no longer overwrites
891 the MAC address of outgoing frames by default. &merged;</para>
893 <para>The &man.ng.iface.4; Netgraph node now supports &man.altq.4;.
896 <para>The &man.ng.tag.4; Netgraph node has been added to
897 support the manipulation of mbuf tags attached to data in the
898 kernel. &merged;</para>
900 <para>A bug has been fixed in which NFS over TCP would not reconnect
901 when the server sent a FIN. This problem had occurred
902 with Solaris NFS servers. &merged;</para>
904 <para>The default retransmit timer for NFS over TCP is now 60 seconds.
905 This change prevents the unnecessary retransmission of
906 non-idempotent NFS requests. The <varname>nfs_access_cache</varname>
907 variable in &man.rc.conf.5; has also been changed to 60.</para>
909 <para>The default minimum number of nfsiod kernel threads
910 (&man.sysctl.8; variable <varname>vfs.nfs.iodmin</varname>)
911 has been changed from 4 to 0.</para>
913 <para>The sysctl variables <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</varname>
914 and <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow</varname>
915 can be used with IPv6 now. &merged;</para>
917 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>net.inet.icmp.reply_from_interface</varname>
918 has been added. This allows the &man.icmp.4;
919 reply to non-local packets to be generated with
920 the IP address the packet came through in.
921 This is useful for routers to show in &man.traceroute.8;
922 the actual path a packet has taken instead of
923 the possibly different return path.</para>
925 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>net.inet.icmp.quotelen</varname>
926 has been added. This allows to change length of
927 the quotation of the original packet in an ICMP reply.
928 The minimum of 8 bytes is internally enforced.
929 The maximum quotation is the remaining space in the
930 reply mbuf. This option is added in response to the
932 <filename>draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt</filename>.</para>
934 <para>The &man.icmp.4; now always quotes the entire TCP header
935 when responding and allocate an mbuf cluster if needed.
936 This change fixes the TCP issues raised in I-D
937 <filename>draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt</filename>.</para>
939 <para>A new socket option <literal>IP_MINTTL</literal> has been added.
940 This may be used to set the minimum acceptable
941 TTL a packet must have when received on a socket.
942 All packets with a lower TTL are silently dropped.
943 This works on already connected/connecting and
944 listening sockets for RAW, UDP, and TCP. This option
945 is only really useful when set to <literal>255</literal>, preventing packets
946 from outside the directly connected networks reaching
947 local listeners on sockets. Also, this option allows
948 userland implementation of <quote>The Generalized TTL
949 Security Mechanism (GTSM)</quote> found in RFC 3682.</para>
951 <para>The kernel &man.ppp.4; driver now supports IPv6.</para>
953 <para>Stealth forwarding now supports IPv6 as well as IPv4.
954 This behavior can be controlled by using a new sysctl variable
955 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.stealth</varname>.</para>
957 <para>Support has been added for the Stream Control Transmission
958 Protocol (SCTP). SCTP implements a reliable, message-oriented
959 transport protocol, and is defined in RFC 3268. It is enabled
960 in &os; with the <literal>SCTP</literal> kernel option.</para>
962 <para>The <literal>IPV6_V6ONLY</literal> socket option
963 now works for UDP.</para>
965 <para>The TCP bandwidth-delay product limiting feature has
966 been disabled when the RTT is below a certain threshold.
967 This optimization does not make sense on a LAN, as it has
968 trouble figuring out the maximal bandwidth due to the coarse
969 tick granularity. A new sysctl variable
970 <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.rttthresh</varname> specifies
971 the threshold in milliseconds below which this feature
972 will disengage. It defaults to 10ms. &merged;</para>
974 <para>The &os; network stack now has support for TCP
975 Segmentation Offload (TSO). TSO reduces the overhead of
976 sending bulk TCP data by allowing a network interface to
977 convert a large data transfer into multiple TCP segments to be
978 sent on the network. This functionality can be enabled or
979 disabled on a per-interface basis with
980 the <literal>tso</literal> and <literal>-tso</literal> flags
981 to &man.ifconfig.8;. Network interfaces and drivers
982 supporting TSO currently include &man.em.4; and
985 <para>&os; now supports auto-sizing of TCP socket buffers. This
986 allows the socket buffer sizes to adapt dynamically to network
987 conditions, rather than being set statically. The behavior of
988 this feature can be controlled using
989 the <varname>net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_*</varname>
990 and <varname>net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_*</varname> sysctl
993 <para>Support for &man.kqueue.2; operations has been added to
994 the &man.tun.4; driver. &merged;</para>
999 <title>Disks and Storage</title>
1001 <para>The &man.aac.4; driver now supports the Adaptec 2610SA SATA-RAID
1002 controller in some Hewlett-Packard machines.</para>
1004 <para>The performance of the &man.amr.4; driver has been improved;
1005 it also now supports full 64-bit DMA. While this feature is
1006 enabled by default, this can be forced off by setting the
1007 <varname>hw.amr.force_sg32</varname> loader tunable for
1011 <para>The &man.amr.4; driver now supports the &man.ioctl.2; requests
1012 necessary for the Linux LSI MegaRaid tools in &os;'s Linux emulation
1016 <para>The &man.arcmsr.4; driver has been updated to version
1017 1.20.00.13. &merged;</para>
1019 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a workaround
1020 for some controllers whose DMA does not work properly
1021 in 48bit mode. For affected controllers,
1022 PIO mode will be used for access to areas beyond 137GB.
1025 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports the ITE IT8211F IDE controller,
1026 and the Promise PDC40718 and PDC40719 chip found in Promise
1030 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports DMA for kernel crash dumps,
1031 as well as crash dumping to an &man.ataraid.4; device.
1034 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports USB mass storage class
1035 devices. To enable it, a line <literal>device atausb</literal>
1036 in the kernel configuration file or loading the
1037 <filename>atausb</filename> kernel module is needed.
1038 Note that this functionality cannot coexist with the
1039 &man.umass.4; driver. &merged;</para>
1041 <para>The &man.ataraid.4; driver now supports
1042 JMicron ATA RAID metadata. &merged;</para>
1044 <para>The <literal>GEOM_LABEL</literal> class now supports
1045 Ext2FS, NTFS, and ReiserFS. &merged;</para>
1047 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> class now supports
1048 kernel crash dumps to the GEOM providers.
1051 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> and <literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal>
1052 classes now support sysctl variables
1053 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.disconnect_on_failure</varname>
1055 <varname>kern.geom.graid3.disconnect_on_failure</varname>
1056 to control whether failed components will be disconnected or not.
1057 The default value is <literal>1</literal> to preserve the current
1058 behavior, and if it is set to <literal>0</literal> such components
1059 are not disconnected and the kernel will try to still use them
1060 (only the first error will be logged).
1061 This is helpful for the case of multiple broken components (in
1062 different places), so actually all data is available.
1063 The broken components will be visible in <command>gmirror list</command>
1064 or <command>graid3 list</command> output with flag
1065 <literal>BROKEN</literal>.
1068 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> and <literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal>
1069 classes now use parallel I/O requests for synchronization
1070 to improve the performance. New sysctl variables
1071 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.sync_requests</varname> and
1072 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.sync_requests</varname>
1073 define how many parallel I/O requests should be used.
1074 Also, the sysctl variables
1075 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.reqs_per_sync</varname>,
1076 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.syncs_per_sec</varname>,
1077 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.reqs_per_sync</varname>, and
1078 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.syncs_per_sec</varname>
1079 are deprecated and have been removed.
1082 <para>A new GEOM_MULTIPATH class has been added to support
1083 multiple access paths to disk devices. The &man.gmultipath.8;
1084 utility has been added to control the behavior of disk devices
1085 using this feature.</para>
1087 <para>A new GEOM class <literal>GEOM_ZERO</literal> has been added.
1088 It creates a very huge provider (41PB) <filename>/dev/gzero</filename>
1089 and is mainly useful for performance testing.
1090 On <literal>BIO_READ</literal> request it zero-fills
1091 <varname>bio_data</varname> and on <literal>BIO_WRITE</literal>
1095 <para>The GEOM class kernel module <filename>g_md.ko</filename>
1096 has been renamed to <filename>geom_md.ko</filename>
1097 for consistency.</para>
1099 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.hptmv.4; driver has been updated and now supports
1100 amd64 as well as PAE.</para>
1102 <para>The &man.mfi.4; driver, which supports
1103 the LSI MegaRAID SAS controller family, has been added.
1106 <para>The &man.mpt.4; driver has been updated to support
1107 various new features such as RAID volume and RAID member
1108 state/settings reporting, periodic volume re-synchronization
1109 status reporting, and sysctl variables for volume
1110 re-synchronization rate, volume member write cache status,
1111 and volume transaction queue depth.</para>
1113 <para>The &man.mpt.4; driver now supports SAS HBA (partially),
1114 64-bit PCI, and large data transfer.</para>
1116 <para>The &man.twa.4; driver has been updated to the 9.3.0.1
1117 release on the 3ware Web site. &merged;</para>
1119 <para>A new GEOM-based disk encryption facility, GEOM_ELI, has been
1120 added. It uses the &man.crypto.9; framework for hardware acceleration
1121 and supports different cryptographic algorithms. See &man.geli.8; for
1122 more information. &merged;</para>
1124 <para>The &man.geli.8; disk encryption system now supports loading keyfiles before the root
1125 file system is mounted. &merged;
1126 For example, the following entries
1127 can be used in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> to enable
1130 <programlisting>geli_da0_keyfile0_load="YES"
1131 geli_da0_keyfile0_type="da0:geli_keyfile0"
1132 geli_da0_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da0.key0"
1133 geli_da0_keyfile1_load="YES"
1134 geli_da0_keyfile1_type="da0:geli_keyfile1"
1135 geli_da0_keyfile1_name="/boot/keys/da0.key1"
1136 geli_da0_keyfile2_load="YES"
1137 geli_da0_keyfile2_type="da0:geli_keyfile2"
1138 geli_da0_keyfile2_name="/boot/keys/da0.key2"
1140 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_load="YES"
1141 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_type="da1s3a:geli_keyfile0"
1142 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da1s3a.key"</programlisting>
1144 <para>&man.geli.8; is now able to perform data integrity
1145 verification (data authentication) of encrypted data stored on
1146 disk. Note that the encryption algorithm is now specified to
1147 the &man.geli.8; control program using the <option>-e</option>
1148 option; the <option>-a</option> option is now used to specify
1149 the authentication algorithm. &merged;</para>
1151 <para>The &man.umass.4; driver now supports
1152 <literal>PLAY_MSF</literal>,
1153 <literal>PLAY_TRACK</literal>,
1154 <literal>PLAY_TRACK_REL</literal>,
1155 <literal>PAUSE</literal>,
1156 <literal>PLAY_12</literal> commands so that
1157 the &man.cdcontrol.1; utility can handle a USB CD drive.</para>
1161 <title>File Systems</title>
1163 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.linsysfs.5;
1164 pseudo-file system driver has been added.
1165 It provides a subset of the
1166 Linux <filename>sys</filename> file system, and is required for
1167 the correct operation of some Linux binaries (such as the LSI
1168 MegaRAID SAS utility). &merged;</para>
1170 <para>A part of the FreeBSD NFS subsystem (the interface with
1171 the protocol stack and callouts, the NFS client side) is now MPSAFE.</para>
1173 <para>Initial (read-only) support for SGI's XFS file system has been
1176 <para>The unionfs file system has been re-implemented. This
1177 version solves many crashing and locking issues compared to
1178 the previous implementation. It also adds
1179 new <quote>transparent</quote> and <quote>masquerade</quote>
1180 modes for automatically creating files in the upper file system
1181 layer of unions. More information can be found in the
1182 &man.mount.unionfs.8; manual page. &merged;</para>
1187 <sect2 id="userland">
1188 <title>Userland Changes</title>
1190 <para>The addr2ascii() and ascii2addr() library calls, originally
1191 introduced by the INRIA IPv6 implementation, have been removed
1192 from <filename>libc</filename>. They have no consumers in the
1193 &os; base system. In a related change, support
1194 for <literal>AF_LINK</literal> addresses has been added to
1195 &man.getnameinfo.3;.</para>
1197 <para>Padding of <varname>ai_addrlen</varname>
1198 in <varname>struct addrinfo</varname> has been removed,
1199 which was originally for the ABI compatibility.
1200 For example, this change breaks the ABI compatibility of the
1201 &man.getaddrinfo.3; function on 64-bit architectures, including
1202 &os;/amd64, &os;/ia64, and &os;/sparc64.</para>
1204 <para>The &man.asf.8; utility has been revised and extended. Now
1205 it can operate via several interfaces including &man.kvm.3;,
1206 which supports not only live systems, but also kernel crash dumps.
1209 <para>The &man.arp.8; utility now allows the <option>-i</option>
1210 option together with the <option>-d</option> and <option>-a</option> options
1211 to allow all entries for a given interface to be removed.</para>
1213 <para>The OpenBSM userland tools, including &man.audit.8;,
1215 &man.auditreduce.1;, and
1216 &man.praudit.1;, have been added. &merged;</para>
1218 <para>The &man.bsdiff.1; and &man.bspatch.1; utilities
1219 have been added. These are tools for constructing and
1220 applying binary patches. &merged;</para>
1222 <para>The &man.bsnmpd.1; utility now supports the Host Resources
1223 MIB described in RFC 2790. &merged;</para>
1225 <para>&man.cached.8; has been added. It is a daemon that caches
1226 the results of nsswitch lookups (such as those to the password,
1227 group, and services databases) for improved performance.</para>
1229 <para>The &man.cmp.1; utility now supports an <option>-h</option>
1230 flag to compare the symbolic link itself rather than the
1231 file that the link points to. &merged;</para>
1233 <para>The &man.config.8; utility now supports the <literal>nocpu</literal>
1234 directive, which cancels the effect of a
1235 previous <literal>cpu</literal> directive. &merged;</para>
1237 <para>The &man.config.8; utility now reads <filename>DEFAULTS</filename>
1238 kernel configuration file if it exists in the current directory
1239 before the specified configuration file. &merged;</para>
1241 <para>The &man.cp.1; utility now supports a <option>-l</option>
1242 option, which causes it to create hardlinks to the source files
1243 instead of copying them. &merged;</para>
1245 <para>The &man.csh.1; utility now supports NLS catalogs.
1246 Note that this requires installing
1247 the <filename role="package">shells/tcsh_nls</filename> port.
1250 <para>The &man.csup.1; utility has been imported.
1251 This is an implementation of a CVSup-compatible client written
1252 in the C language. Note that it currently supports checkout mode
1253 only. &merged;</para>
1255 <para>The &man.dhclient.8; program now sends the host's name in
1256 DHCP requests if it is not specified in the configuration
1257 file. &merged;</para>
1259 <para>The &man.devd.8; utility now supports a <option>-f</option> option
1260 to specify a configuration file. &merged;</para>
1262 <para>The &man.du.1; program now supports a <option>-n</option>
1263 flag, which causes it to ignore files and directories with
1264 the <literal>nodump</literal> flag set. &merged;</para>
1266 <para>The &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8; programs now attempt to
1267 save and restore extended attribute information on files.</para>
1269 <para>The &man.fsdb.8; utility now supports changing the birth
1270 time of files on UFS2 file systems using the new
1271 <literal>btime</literal> command. &merged;</para>
1273 <para>The &man.fsdb.8; program now supports
1274 a <literal>findblk</literal> command, which finds the inode(s)
1275 owning a specific disk block. &merged;</para>
1277 <para>The &man.find.1; program now supports <option>-Btime</option>
1278 and other related primaries, which can be used to create expressions
1279 based on a file's creation time. &merged;</para>
1281 <para>A bug in the &man.find.1; program which prevents
1282 numeric arguments for <option>-user</option> and
1283 <option>-group</option> from working as expected
1284 has been fixed.</para>
1286 <para>The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility, a tool for managing
1287 binary updates to the &os; base system, has been added. &merged;</para>
1289 <para>The &man.ftpd.8; utility now creates a PID file
1290 <filename>/var/run/ftpd.pid</filename> even when
1291 no <option>-p</option> option is specified. &merged;</para>
1293 <para>The &man.gbde.8; utility now supports
1294 <option>-k</option> and <option>-K</option> options
1295 to specify a key file in addition to a passphrase.</para>
1297 <para>The &man.getfacl.1; utility now supports
1298 a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress the per-file header
1299 comment listing the file name, owner, and group.
1302 <para>The &man.getent.1; utility has been imported from NetBSD.
1303 It retrieves and displays information from an administrative
1304 database (such as <filename>hosts</filename>) using the lookup
1305 order specified in &man.nsswitch.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
1307 <para>The &man.gpt.8; utility now supports setting GPT partition labels.</para>
1309 <para>The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports commands
1310 to rename objects and to move a subdisk from
1311 one drive to another. &merged;</para>
1313 <para>The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports the
1314 <command>resetconfig</command> sub-command.</para>
1316 <para>An implementation of Generic Security Service API (GSS-API)
1317 version 2 and its C binding described in RFC2743 and RFC2744
1318 has been added. This is a new extensible GSS-API layer which
1319 can support GSS-API plugins, similar the the Solaris
1320 implementation, and the Kerberos 5 GSS mechanism has
1321 been rewritten as a plugin library for the new implementation.</para>
1323 <para>The &man.hccontrol.8; utility now supports HCI node
1324 autodetection.</para>
1326 <para>The &man.id.1; utility now prints the effective user
1327 ID after the group ID.</para>
1329 <para>The &man.id.1; utility now supports a <option>-A</option>
1330 flag to print process audit properties, including the audit user
1333 <para>The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports
1334 a <option>-k</option> flag to allow printing
1335 potentially sensitive keying material to standard output.
1336 This sensitive information will not be printed by default.</para>
1338 <para>The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports a <option>-tunnel</option>
1339 parameter, which is just an alias for <option>deletetunnel</option>,
1340 yet is more convenient and easier to type.</para>
1342 <para>The <option>-vlandev</option> parameter to &man.ifconfig.8;
1343 no longer requires a network interface as its argument. The
1344 argument still is supported for backward compatibility, but
1345 is now deprecated and its use is discouraged.</para>
1347 <para>The &man.iostat.8; utility now supports
1348 a <option>-x</option> flag (inspired by Solaris) to print
1349 extended disk statistics. If the new <option>-z</option> flag is
1350 also specified, no output is made for disks with no
1351 activity. &merged;</para>
1353 <para>The &man.ipfwpcap.8; utility has been added; it captures
1354 packets on a &man.divert.4; socket and writes them as
1355 &man.pcap.3; (also known as &man.tcpdump.1;) format data to a
1356 file or pipe.</para>
1358 <para>The &man.jail.8; utility supports a <option>-J
1359 <replaceable>jid_file</replaceable></option> option to
1360 write out a JidFile, similar to a PidFile, containing
1361 the jailid, path, hostname, IP and the command used to start
1362 the jail. &merged;</para>
1364 <para>The &man.jail.8; program now supports a <option>-s</option>
1365 option to specify a jail's securelevel. &merged;</para>
1367 <para>The &man.jexec.8; utility now supports <option>-u</option>
1368 and <option>-U</option> flags to specify username credentials
1369 under which a command should be executed. &merged;</para>
1371 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a <option>-H</option>
1372 flag, which causes kdump to print an additional field holding
1373 the threadid. &merged;</para>
1375 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a <option>-s</option>
1376 flag to suppress the display of I/O data. &merged;</para>
1378 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports printing
1379 flags in a system call argument by using symbol names.</para>
1381 <para>The &man.kenv.1; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1382 flag to suppress warnings.</para>
1384 <para>&man.kgdb.1; now supports a <option>-w</option>
1385 option to open kmem-based targets in read-write mode.
1386 This allows one to use kgdb on <filename>/dev/mem</filename>
1387 and be able to patch memory on a live system.</para>
1389 <para>The &man.libarchive.3; library now supports
1390 POSIX.1e-style Extended Attributes.</para>
1392 <para>The <application>libc</application> library now includes
1393 initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version
1396 <para>The <application>libedit</application> library has been
1397 updated from the NetBSD source tree as of August 2005.</para>
1399 <para>The <application>libm</application> library now includes
1400 initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version
1403 <para>The &man.libmemstat.3; library has been added.
1404 This is for use by debugging and monitoring applications
1405 in tracking kernel memory statistics. It provides an
1406 abstracted interface to &man.uma.9; and &man.malloc.9;
1407 statistics, wrapped around the binary stream sysctl variables
1408 for the allocators. &merged;</para>
1410 <para>The &man.ln.1; utility now supports
1411 an <option>-F</option> flag, which deletes existing
1412 empty directories when creating symbolic links.
1415 <para>The &man.locate.1; utility now supports
1416 a <option>-0</option> flag to make this utility
1417 interoperable with &man.xargs.1;'s <option>-0</option> flag.
1420 <para>The &man.logger.1; utility now supports
1421 a <option>-P</option>, which specifies the port to which syslog
1422 messages should be sent. &merged;</para>
1424 <para>The &man.ls.1; utility now supports
1425 an <option>-I</option> flag to disable the automatic
1426 <option>-A</option> flag for the superuser. &merged;</para>
1428 <para>The &man.ls.1; utility now supports
1429 an <option>-U</option> flag to use the file creation
1430 time for sorting. &merged;</para>
1432 <para>A new &man.malloc.3; implementation has been introduced.
1433 This implementation, sometimes referred to
1434 as <quote>jemalloc</quote>, was designed to improve the
1435 performance of multi-threaded programs, particularly on SMP
1436 systems, while preserving the performance of single-threaded
1437 programs. Due to the use of different algorithms and data
1438 structures, jemalloc may expose some previously-unknown bugs in
1439 userland code, although most of the &os; base system and common
1440 ports have been tested and/or fixed.</para>
1442 <para>The &man.mdconfig.8; utility now supports producing
1443 device listings formatted as XML. Currently, the
1444 <command>list</command> and <command>query</command>
1445 sub-commands support this feature.</para>
1447 <para>The &man.mdconfig.8; utility's <option>-u</option> option
1448 now supports specifying multiple devices separated
1449 by comma character.</para>
1451 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a <option>-P</option> flag
1452 to allow skipping the &man.newfs.8; process
1453 when using a vnode-backed disk.</para>
1455 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a <option>-E</option> flag
1456 to allow to specify location of the &man.mdconfig.8;
1457 utility instead of using the default one
1458 (<filename>/sbin/mdconfig</filename>).</para>
1460 <para>A new function &man.memmem.3; has been implemented in
1461 <filename>libc</filename>. This is the binary equivalent to
1462 &man.strstr.3; and found in <filename>glibc</filename>.</para>
1464 <para>The &man.mergemaster.8; utility now supports
1465 an <option>-A</option> option to explicitly specify
1466 an architecture to pass through to the underlying makefiles.
1469 <para>The &man.mount.8; <literal>nodev</literal> option has
1470 been removed.</para>
1472 <para>The &man.mount.8; utility now supports &man.mqueuefs.5;.</para>
1474 <para>A bug which prevents the &man.mount.8; utility from converting
1475 a read-only mount to read-write via <command>mount -u -o rw</command>,
1476 has been fixed.</para>
1478 <para>The &man.mount.8; utility now supports a
1479 <literal>late</literal> keyword in &man.fstab.5;, along with a
1480 corresponding <option>-l</option> command-line option to specify
1481 that these <quote>late</quote> file systems should be
1482 mounted. &merged;</para>
1484 <para>The &man.moused.8; daemon now supports an <option>-H</option> flag
1485 to enable horizontal virtual scrolling similar to the
1486 <option>-V</option> flag for vertical virtual scrolling.
1489 <para>The mrouted(8) multicast routing daemon has been removed
1490 from the &os; base system. It implements the DVMRP multicast
1491 routing protocol, which has largely been replaced by PIM in many
1492 multicast installations. The related map-mbone(8) and mrinfo(8)
1493 utilities have also been removed. These programs are now
1494 available in the &os; Ports Collection
1495 as <filename role="package">net/mrouted</filename>.</para>
1497 <para>The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports an
1498 <option>-h</option> flag for interface stats mode,
1499 which prints all interface statistics in human readable form. &merged;</para>
1501 <para>The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports
1502 printing &man.ipsec.4; protocol statistics if the
1503 kernel was compiled with <literal>FAST_IPSEC</literal>
1504 rather than the KAME IPSEC stack.
1505 Note that the output of <command>netstat -s -p ipsec</command>
1506 differs depending on which stack is compiled into
1507 the kernel since they each keep different statistics. &merged;</para>
1509 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file is now
1510 installed statically instead of being generated on every
1513 <para>The objformat(1) utility and getobjformat(3) library (the
1514 last remnants of a.out object file support) have been removed.</para>
1516 <para>The &man.periodic.8; daily script now supports
1517 display of the status of &man.gmirror.8;, &man.graid3.8;,
1518 &man.gstripe.8;, and &man.gconcat.8; devices.
1519 Note that these are disabled by default. &merged;</para>
1521 <para>A new function, &man.pidfile.3;, which provides reliable
1522 pidfiles handling, has been implemented in
1523 <filename>libutil</filename>. &merged;</para>
1525 <para>The &man.ping.8; utility now supports a <quote>sweeping
1526 ping</quote> in which &man.icmp.4; payload of
1527 packets being sent is increased with given step.
1528 This is useful for testing problematic channels, MTU issues
1529 or traffic policing functions in networks. &merged;</para>
1531 <para>The &man.ping.8; command now supports a <option>-W</option>
1532 option to specify the maximum time to wait for an echo reply.
1535 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a
1536 <option>-F</option> option which allows to
1537 restrict matches to a process whose PID is stored in the
1538 pidfile file. When another new option <option>-L</option>
1539 is also specified, the pidfile file must be locked with the
1540 &man.flock.2; syscall or created with &man.pidfile.3;.</para>
1542 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a
1543 <option>-I</option> flag which works like <option>-i</option>
1544 of &man.rm.1;. When this flag is specified, &man.pkill.1;
1545 will ask for confirmation before sending a signal to
1546 each matching process.</para>
1548 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility (also known as &man.pgrep.1;) has
1549 been moved from <filename>/usr/bin</filename>
1550 to <filename>/bin</filename> so that it can be used by startup
1551 scripts. Symbolic links from its former location have been
1552 created for backward compatibility. &merged;</para>
1554 <para>The &man.powerd.8; program now supports a
1555 <option>-P</option> option, which specifies a pidfile to use.</para>
1557 <para>An extensible implementation of &man.printf.3;, compatible
1558 with GLIBC, has been added to <filename>libc</filename>. It is
1559 only used if the environment variable
1560 <varname>USE_XPRINTF</varname> is defined, one of the extension
1561 functions is called, or the global variable
1562 <varname>__use_xprintf</varname> is set to a value greater than
1563 <literal>0</literal>. Five extensions are currently supported:
1564 <literal>%H</literal> (hex dump),
1565 <literal>%T</literal> (<varname>time_t</varname> and
1566 time-related structures),
1567 <literal>%M</literal> (errno message),
1568 <literal>%Q</literal> (double-quoted, escaped string),
1569 <literal>%V</literal> (&man.strvis.3;-format string),
1572 <para>The DNS resolver library in &os;'s <application>libc</application>
1573 has been updated to that from BIND 9.3.3. &merged;</para>
1575 <para>The &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; program now supports service names
1576 in addition to <option>-c</option> option with channel number.
1577 The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax),
1578 LAN (LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port). &merged;</para>
1580 <para>The &man.rpcgen.1; utility now generates headers and stub files
1581 that can be used with ANSI C compilers by default.</para>
1583 <para>The &man.rtld.1; runtime linker now supports ELF symbol versioning
1584 using GNU semantics. This implementation aims to be compatible
1585 with symbol versioning support as implemented by GNU libc and
1586 documented in <ulink url="http://people.redhat.com/~drepper/symbol-versioning"></ulink>
1587 and LSB 3.0. Also, <function>dlvsym()</function>
1588 function has been added to
1589 allow lookups for a specific version of a given symbol.</para>
1591 <para>A bug in the &man.sed.1; utility which can cause
1592 incorrect calculation of pattern space length in some cases
1593 has been fixed.</para>
1595 <para>The &man.sh.1; utility now supports a <literal>times</literal>
1596 built-in command. &merged;</para>
1598 <para>The &man.snapinfo.8; utility, which shows snapshot locations
1599 on UFS file systems, has been added. &merged;</para>
1601 <para>The &man.sockstat.1; utility, which shows connected and
1602 listening network sockets, now supports a new <option>-P</option>
1603 command-line option, which can be used to filter displayed sockets
1604 by protocol name (as listed in &man.protocols.5;).</para>
1606 <para>The &man.strtonum.3; library function has been implemented
1607 based on OpenBSD's implementation. This is an improved version of
1608 &man.strtoll.3;. &merged;</para>
1610 <para>The &man.sysctl.8; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1611 flag to suppress a limited set of warnings and errors.</para>
1613 <para>The &man.tail.1; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1614 flag to suppress header lines when multiple files are
1615 specified. &merged;</para>
1617 <para>The version of tcpslice in the &os; base system has been
1618 removed due to obsolescence. A more up-to-date version can be
1619 found in the Ports Collection
1620 as <filename role="package">net/tcpslice</filename>.</para>
1622 <para>The &man.time.1; utility now prints the time that a given
1623 command has been running if sent a <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal.</para>
1625 <para>The &man.traceroute.8; program now supports
1626 a <option>-D</option> flag, which causes it to display the
1627 differences between the sent and received
1628 packets. &merged;</para>
1630 <para>The &man.traceroute.8; utility now supports
1631 a <option>-e</option> option, which sets a fixed destination
1632 port for probe packets. This can be useful for tracing behind
1633 packet-filtering firewalls. &merged;</para>
1635 <para>&man.traceroute.8; now decodes the complete set of ICMP
1636 unreachable messages in its output. &merged;</para>
1638 <para>The &man.truss.1; utility now supports an <option>-s</option>
1639 flag for the same functionality as the strace utility
1640 (<filename role="package">devel/strace</filename>).</para>
1642 <para>[&arch.powerpc;] The &man.truss.1; utility now supports &os;/powerpc.</para>
1644 <para>The usbd(8) utility has been removed.
1645 The &man.devd.8; utility and its configuration
1646 file now support functionality which is equivalent to it.</para>
1648 <para>The vnconfig(8) utility, which was long ago replaced by
1649 &man.mdconfig.8;, has been removed.</para>
1651 <para>The &man.xargs.1; utility now supports a <option>-r</option>
1652 flag which makes the command execution when the standard input
1653 does not contain any non-whitespace-characters. &merged;</para>
1655 <para>The shared library version number of all libraries has
1656 been updated due to some possible ABI changes. The libraries
1657 include: snmp_<replaceable>*</replaceable>, libdialog, libg2c, libobjc,
1658 libreadline, libregex, libstdc++, libkrb5, libalias, libarchive,
1659 libbegemot, libbluetooth, libbsnmp, libbz2, libc_r, libcrypt,
1660 libdevstat, libedit, libexpat, libfetch, libftpio, libgpib,
1661 libipsec, libkiconv, libmagic, libmp, libncp, libncurses,
1662 libnetgraph, libngatm, libopie, libpam, libpthread, libradius,
1663 libsdp, libsmb, libtacplus, libthr, libthread_db, libugidfw,
1664 libusbhid, libutil, libvgl, libwrap, libypclnt, libm, libcrypto,
1665 libssh, and libssl.</para>
1667 <para>The <function>wcsdup()</function> function has been
1668 implemented. This function is popular in Microsoft and GNU
1671 <para>The compiler toolchain is now capable of generating
1672 executables for systems using the ARM processor. &merged;</para>
1674 <sect3 id="rc-scripts">
1675 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
1677 <para>The <filename>auditd</filename> script for
1678 OpenBSM &man.auditd.8; has been added. &merged;</para>
1680 <para>The <filename>bluetooth</filename> script
1681 has been added. This script will be called from
1682 &man.devd.8; in response to device attachment/detachment
1683 events and to stop/start particular device without unplugging
1684 it by hand. The configuration parameters are in
1685 <filename>/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</filename>,
1686 and can be overridden by using
1687 <filename>/etc/bluetooth/<replaceable>$device</replaceable>.conf</filename>
1688 (where <replaceable>$device</replaceable> is <devicename>ubt0</devicename>,
1689 <devicename>btcc0</devicename>, and so on.)
1690 For more details, see &man.bluetooth.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
1692 <para>The <filename>ftpd</filename> script for
1693 stand-alone &man.ftpd.8; has been added.</para>
1695 <para>The <filename>gbde_swap</filename> script has
1696 been removed in favor a new <filename>encswap</filename>
1697 script which also supports &man.geli.8; for swap
1700 <para>The <filename>geli</filename> and <filename>geli2</filename>
1701 scripts has been added for &man.geli.8; device
1702 configuration on boot.</para>
1704 <para>The <filename>ike</filename> script for
1705 IPsec IKE daemon has been removed because no such daemon
1706 is included in the base system.</para>
1708 <para>The <filename>hcsecd</filename> and
1709 <filename>sdpd</filename> scripts have been added
1710 for &man.hcsecd.8; and &man.sdpd.8; daemons.
1711 These daemons can run even if no Bluetooth devices
1712 are attached to the system, but both daemons depend on
1713 Bluetooth socket layer and thus disabled by default.
1714 Bluetooth sockets layer must be either loaded
1715 as a module or compiled into kernel before the daemons can run.
1718 <para>The <filename>hostapd</filename> script for
1719 &man.hostapd.8; has been added. &merged;</para>
1721 <para>The <filename>mdconfig</filename> script to
1722 handle vnode backed &man.md.4; devices has been added.
1723 This is a replacement of the <filename>ramdisk</filename>
1724 script, and all of variables in <varname>ramdisk_*</varname>
1725 have been changed to <varname>mdconfig_*</varname>.
1726 Also, two new &man.rc.conf.5; variables
1727 <varname>mdconfig_<replaceable>*</replaceable>_files</varname>
1729 <varname>mdconfig_<replaceable>*</replaceable>_cmd</varname>
1730 have been added. For example:</para>
1732 <programlisting>mdconfig_md0="-t malloc -s 10m"
1733 mdconfig_md1="-t vnode -f /var/foo.img"</programlisting>
1735 <para>The <filename>netif</filename> script now supports
1736 <varname>ipv4_addrs_<replaceable>ifn</replaceable></varname>
1738 which add one or more IPv4 address from a ranged list in
1739 CIDR notation. &merged; For example:</para>
1741 <programlisting>ipv4_addrs_ed0="192.168.0.1/24 192.168.1.1-5/28"</programlisting>
1743 <para>The <filename>rcconf.sh</filename> script in <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>
1744 has been removed and a variable <varname>early_late_divider</varname>,
1745 which designates the script to separate the early and late stages
1746 of the boot process, has been added.</para>
1748 <para>The <filename>rc.initdiskless</filename> script now uses &man.tar.1;
1749 instead of &man.pax.1; because &man.pax.1; needs a writable
1750 temporary directory that may not be available when this script
1753 <para>The <filename>pccard</filename> script has been removed
1754 since OLDCARD is deprecated.</para>
1756 <para>The <filename>ppp-user</filename> script has been renamed to
1757 <filename>ppp</filename>. &merged;</para>
1759 <para>The <varname>removable_interfaces</varname> variable
1760 has been removed.</para>
1762 <para>A new keyword <literal>NOAUTO</literal> in
1763 <varname>ifconfig_<replaceable>ifn</replaceable></varname>
1764 has been added. This prevents configuration of an interface
1765 at boot time or via <filename>/etc/pccard_ether</filename>,
1766 and allows <filename>/etc/rc.d/netif</filename>
1767 to be used to start and stop an interface
1768 on a purely manual basis.</para>
1772 <sect2 id="contrib">
1773 <title>Contributed Software</title>
1775 <para><application>Intel ACPI-CA</application>
1776 has been updated to 20051021.</para>
1778 <para><application>BIND</application> has been updated from 9.3.1
1779 to 9.3.4. &merged;</para>
1781 <para><application>BSNMPD</application> has been updated from
1782 1.11 to 1.12.</para>
1784 <para><application>DRM</application> has
1785 been updated to a snapshot from DRI CVS as of 20060517.
1788 <para><application>FILE</application> has been updated from 4.12
1791 <para>The GNU version of <application>gzip</application> has been
1792 replaced with a modified version of gzip ported from NetBSD.
1795 <para><application>netcat</application> has been updated from the
1796 version in a 4 February 2005 OpenBSD snapshot to the version
1797 included in OpenBSD 3.9. &merged;</para>
1799 <para><application>GCC</application> has been updated from 3.4.4
1800 to 3.4.6. &merged;</para>
1802 <para><application>GNU Readline library</application> has been
1803 updated from 5.0 to 5.2 patch 1.</para>
1805 <para><application>GNU Troff</application>
1806 has been updated from version 1.19 to version 1.19.2.
1809 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated from
1810 4.1.8 to 4.1.13. &merged;</para>
1812 <para><application>less</application> has been updated from v381
1813 to v394. &merged;</para>
1815 <para><application>libpcap</application> has been updated from
1816 0.9.1 to 0.9.4. &merged;</para>
1818 <para><application>lukemftpd</application> has been updated from a
1819 snapshot from NetBSD as of 9 August 2004 to a snapshot from
1820 NetBSD as of 31 August 2006. &merged;</para>
1822 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated from
1823 4.2p1 to 4.5p1. &merged;</para>
1825 <para><application>OpenSSL</application> has been updated from
1826 0.9.7e to 0.9.8d.</para>
1828 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated from
1829 5.2-20010512 to 5.6-20061217. ncurses now also has wide
1830 character support.</para>
1832 <para><application>hostapd</application>
1833 has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8.
1836 <para><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
1837 8.13.4 to 8.13.8. &merged;</para>
1839 <para><application>tcpdump</application> has been updated from
1840 3.9.1 to 3.9.4. &merged;</para>
1842 <para>The timezone database has been updated from the
1843 <application>tzdata2005l</application> release to the
1844 <application>tzdata2006n</application> release. &merged;</para>
1846 <para><application>tip</application> has been updated to a
1847 snapshot from OpenBSD as of 20060831.</para>
1849 <para>TrustedBSD <application>OpenBSM</application>,
1850 version 1.0 alpha 12, an implementation of the documented Sun Basic
1851 Security Module (BSM) Audit API and file format, as well as local
1852 extensions to support the Mac OS X and &os; operating systems
1853 has been added. This also includes command line tools for audit
1854 trail reduction and conversion to text, as well as documentation
1855 of the commands, file format, and APIs.
1856 For this functionality, the <literal>AUDIT</literal> kernel option,
1857 <filename>/var/audit</filename> directory, and
1858 <literal>audit</literal> group have been added. &merged;</para>
1860 <para><application>WPA Supplicant</application>
1861 has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8.
1864 <para><application>zlib</application>
1865 has been updated from version 1.2.2 to version 1.2.3. &merged;</para>
1869 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
1871 <para>&man.pkg.add.1; now supports an <option>-F</option>
1872 flag to disable checking whether the same package is already
1873 installed or not. &merged;</para>
1875 <para>The &man.pkg.add.1; program now supports an <option>-P</option>
1876 flag, which is the same as the <option>-p</option> flag
1877 except that the given prefix is also used recursively for the
1878 dependency packages if any. &merged;</para>
1880 <para>The &man.pkg.add.1; and &man.pkg.create.1; utilities now support
1881 a <option>-K</option> flag to save packages to the current directory
1882 (or <varname>PKGDIR</varname> if defined) by default.
1885 <para>The &man.pkg.create.1; program now supports an <option>-x</option>
1886 flag to support basic regular expressions for package name,
1887 an <option>-E</option> flag for extended regular
1888 expressions, and a <option>-G</option> for exact matching. &merged;</para>
1890 <para>The &man.pkg.version.1; utility now supports an <option>-o</option>
1891 flag to show the origin recorded on package generation
1892 instead of the package name, and an <option>-O</option> flag
1893 to list packages with a specific registered origin.
1896 <para>The &man.portsnap.8; utility (<filename>sysutils/portsnap</filename>)
1897 has been added into the &os; base system. This is a secure,
1898 easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
1899 users to keep their ports trees up to date. &merged;</para>
1901 <para>A incorrect handling of <varname>HTTP_PROXY_AUTH</varname>
1902 in the &man.portsnap.8; utility has been fixed. &merged;</para>
1904 <para>The startup scripts from the <varname>local_startup</varname>
1905 directory now evaluated by using &man.rcorder.8; with scripts
1906 in the base system. &merged;</para>
1908 <para>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection
1909 has been removed. This means <filename>foo.sh</filename>
1910 is renamed to <filename>foo</filename>, and now
1911 scripts whose name is something like
1912 <filename>foo.ORG</filename> will also be invoked.
1913 You are recommended to reinstall packages which install
1914 such scripts and remove extra files in the
1915 <varname>local_startup</varname> directory. &merged;</para>
1917 <para>New <filename>rc.conf</filename> variables,
1918 <varname>ldconfig_local_dirs</varname> and
1919 <varname>ldconfig_local32_dirs</varname> have been added.
1920 These hold lists of local &man.ldconfig.8; directories.
1923 <para>The <command>@cwd</command> command in
1924 <filename>pkg-plist</filename> now allows
1925 the case where no directory argument is given. If no
1926 directory argument is given, it will set current
1927 working directory to the first prefix given by the
1928 <command>@cwd</command> command. &merged;</para>
1932 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1934 <para>The default partition sizing algorithm of the
1935 &man.sysinstall.8; utility has been changed.</para>
1939 <para>On systems where the disk capacity is larger than (3 * RAMsize + 10GB),
1940 the default sizes will now be as follows:</para>
1942 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1944 <colspec colwidth="1*">
1945 <colspec colwidth="2*">
1948 <entry>Partition</entry>
1954 <row><entry>swap</entry><entry>RAMsize * 2</entry></row>
1955 <row><entry><filename>/</filename></entry><entry>512 MB</entry></row>
1956 <row><entry><filename>/tmp</filename></entry><entry>512 MB</entry></row>
1957 <row><entry><filename>/var</filename></entry><entry>1024 MB + RAMsize</entry></row>
1958 <row><entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry><entry>the rest (8GB or more)</entry></row>
1965 <para>On systems where the disk capacity is larger than
1966 (RAMsize / 8 + 2 GB), the default sizes will be
1967 in the following ranges, with space allocated
1968 proportionally:</para>
1970 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1972 <colspec colwidth="1*">
1973 <colspec colwidth="2*">
1976 <entry>Partition</entry>
1982 <row><entry>swap</entry><entry>from RAMsize / 8 to RAMsize * 2</entry></row>
1983 <row><entry><filename>/</filename></entry><entry>from 256MB to 512MB</entry></row>
1984 <row><entry><filename>/tmp</filename></entry><entry>from 128MB to 512MB</entry></row>
1985 <row><entry><filename>/var</filename></entry><entry>from 128MB to 1024MB</entry></row>
1986 <row><entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry><entry>from 1536MB to 8192MB</entry></row>
1993 <para>On systems with even less disk space, the existing behavior is not
1998 <para>The &man.sysinstall.8; utility now displays the running &os;
1999 version in menu titles. &merged;</para>
2001 <para>A new <literal>showconfig</literal>
2002 target has been added in <filename>src/Makefile</filename>
2003 to show the build configuration of the &os; source tree.</para>
2005 <para>A <filename>/media</filename> directory has been
2006 added to contain mount points for removable media
2007 such as CDROMs, floppy disks, USB drives, and so on. &merged;</para>
2009 <para>The <filename>src.conf</filename> file, which
2010 contains settings that will apply to every build involving
2011 the &os; source tree, has been added.
2012 For details, see &man.build.7; and &man.src.conf.5;.</para>
2014 <para>The supported version of
2015 the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment
2016 (<filename role="package">x11/gnome2</filename>) has been
2017 updated from 2.10.2 to 2.16.1. As a part of this update, the
2018 default prefix for <application>GNOME</application> (and some
2019 related programs) has moved from
2020 <filename>/usr/X11R6</filename>
2021 to <filename>/usr/local</filename>. &merged;</para>
2023 <para>The supported version of
2024 the <application>KDE</application> desktop environment
2025 (<filename role="package">x11/kde3</filename>) has been
2026 updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.4. &merged;</para>
2028 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The supported Linux emulation now uses the
2030 <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base-fc4</filename>
2031 package. &merged;</para>
2033 <para>The supported version of
2034 the <application>Perl</application> interpreter
2035 (<filename role="package">lang/perl5.8</filename>) has been updated
2036 from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8. &merged;</para>
2038 <para>The supported version of
2039 the <application>&xorg;</application> windowing system
2040 (<filename role="package">x11/xorg</filename>) has been updated
2041 from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0. &merged;</para>
2043 <para>[&arch.pc98;] &os;/pc98 release CDROMs are now
2044 bootable on systems with some supported SCSI adapters.
2049 <title>Documentation</title>
2051 <para>Documentation of existing functionality has been improved by
2052 the addition of the following manual pages:
2053 &man.acpi.sony.4;, &man.device.get.sysctl.9;,
2057 &man.snd.mss.4;, &man.snd.t4dwave.4;,
2058 &man.sysctl.9;.</para>
2060 <para>The manual pages for <application>NTP</application>
2061 have been updated to 4.2.0, to match the version of
2062 code actually included in &os;. &merged;</para>
2064 <para>Initial support for kernel subsystem API documentation generating
2065 framework using <filename role="package">devel/doxygen</filename>
2066 has been added into <filename>src/sys/doc/subsys</filename>.
2067 To generate the API document, type <command>make doxygen</command>
2068 in <filename>src/</filename> directory.</para>
2072 <sect1 id="upgrade">
2073 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
2078 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
2079 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration