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29 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
31 <corpauthor>The &os; Project</corpauthor>
33 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
44 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
47 <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
57 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
58 of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
59 &release.branch; development line.
60 This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
61 the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os;
63 Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
68 <title>Introduction</title>
70 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
72 describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;.
73 It also provides some notes on upgrading
74 from previous versions of &os;.</para>
76 <![ %release.type.current [
78 <para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
79 apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development
80 branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary
81 &release.type; distributions along this branch
82 can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
86 <![ %release.type.snapshot [
88 <para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
89 apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
90 branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;.
92 pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch
93 can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
97 <![ %release.type.release [
99 <para>This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a
100 &release.type; distribution. It can be found at <ulink
101 url="&release.url;"></ulink> or any of its mirrors. More
102 information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type;
103 distributions of &os; can be found in the <ulink
104 url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
105 &os;</quote> appendix</ulink> to the <ulink
106 url="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
107 Handbook</ulink>.</para>
111 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
112 installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
113 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
114 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
115 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
116 documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
117 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
122 <title>What's New</title>
124 <para>This section describes
125 the most user-visible new or changed features in &os;
126 since &release.prev;.
127 In general, changes described here are unique to the &release.branch;
128 branch unless specifically marked as &merged; features.
131 <para>Typical release note items
132 document recent security advisories issued after
134 new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
135 major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also
136 list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
137 practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single
138 change made to &os; between releases; this document focuses
139 primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major
140 architectural improvements.</para>
142 <sect2 id="security">
143 <title>Security Advisories</title>
145 <para>A temporary file vulnerability in &man.texindex.1;, which
146 could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context
147 of a user running the &man.texindex.1; utility, has been fixed.
148 For more details see security advisory <ulink
149 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</ulink>. &merged;</para>
151 <para>A temporary file vulnerability in the &man.ee.1; text
152 editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in
153 the context of a user running &man.ee.1;, has been fixed. For
154 more details see security advisory <ulink
155 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</ulink>. &merged;</para>
157 <para>Several vulnerabilities in the &man.cpio.1; utility have
158 been corrected. For more
159 details see security advisory <ulink
160 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</ulink>. &merged;</para>
162 <para>An error in &man.ipfw.4; IP fragment handling, which could
163 cause a crash, has been fixed. For more
164 details see security advisory <ulink
165 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw</ulink>. &merged;</para>
167 <para>A potential buffer overflow in the IEEE 802.11 scanning code
168 has been corrected. For more
169 details see security advisory <ulink
170 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211</ulink>. &merged;</para>
172 <para>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be
173 disclosed to users have been fixed. For more details see
174 security advisory <ulink
175 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</ulink>. &merged;</para>
177 <para>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in &man.pf.4;, which
178 could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed.
179 For more details see security advisory <ulink
180 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</ulink>. &merged;</para>
182 <para>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when
183 the server received a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed.
184 For more details see security advisory <ulink
185 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</ulink>. &merged;</para>
187 <para>A programming error in the &man.fast.ipsec.4; implementation
188 results in the sequence number associated with a Security
189 Association not being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally
190 pass sequence number verification checks, has been fixed.
191 For more details see security advisory <ulink
192 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</ulink>. &merged;</para>
194 <para>A logic bug that could cause &man.opiepasswd.1; to allow an unprivileged
195 user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under certain
196 circumstances, has been fixed.
197 For more details see security advisory <ulink
198 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</ulink>. &merged;</para>
200 <para>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in &man.sendmail.8;,
201 which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the
202 privileges of the user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed.
203 For more details see security advisory <ulink
204 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
206 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] An information disclosure issue found in the
207 &os; kernel running on 7th- and 8th-generation AMD processors
208 has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <ulink
209 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu</ulink>. &merged;</para>
211 <para>A bug in &man.ypserv.8;, which effectively disabled the
212 <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename> access control mechanism,
213 has been corrected. More details are available in security
215 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv</ulink>. &merged;</para>
217 <para>A bug in the smbfs file system, which could allow an
218 attacker to escape out of &man.chroot.2 environments on an smbfs
219 mounted file system, has been fixed. For more details, see
221 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs</ulink>. &merged;</para>
223 <para>A potential denial of service problem in &man.sendmail.8;
224 caused by excessive recursion which leads to stack
225 exhaustion when attempting delivery of a malformed
226 MIME message, has been fixed. For more details,
227 see security advisory <ulink
228 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
230 <para>A potential buffer overflow condition in &man.sppp.4; has
231 been corrected. For more details, see security advisory
232 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp</ulink>. &merged;</para>
234 <para>An OpenSSL bug related to validation of PKCS#1 v1.5
235 signatures has been fixed. For more details, see security
237 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl</ulink>. &merged;</para>
239 <para>A potential denial of service attack against &man.named.8;
240 has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory
241 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind</ulink>. &merged;</para>
243 <para>Several programming errors have been fixed in &man.gzip.1;.
244 They could have the effect of causing a crash or an infinite
245 loop when decompressing files. More information can be found in
247 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip</ulink>. &merged;</para>
249 <para>Several vulnerabilities have been fixed in OpenSSH. More
250 details can be found in security advisory
251 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh</ulink>. &merged;</para>
253 <para>Multiple errors in the OpenSSL &man.crypto.3; library have
254 been fixed. Potential effects are varied, and are documented in
255 more detail in security advisory
256 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl</ulink>. &merged;</para>
258 <para>A bug that could permit corrupt archives to cause an
259 infinite loop in &man.libarchive.3; and &man.tar.1; has been
260 fixed. More details are available in
261 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive</ulink>. &merged;</para>
263 <para>A bug that could allow users in
264 the <groupname>operator</groupname> group to read parts of kernel
265 memory has been corrected. For more details, consult security
267 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem</ulink>. &merged;</para>
269 <para>A bug in the <filename>jail</filename> startup script that
270 could permit privilege escalation via a symlink attack has been
271 fixed. More information is available in
272 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
274 <para>Two remote denials of service in BIND (one involving DNSSEC and
275 one involving recursive DNS queries) have been fixed. For more
276 information, see security advisory
277 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind.asc">FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind</ulink>. &merged;</para>
282 <title>Kernel Changes</title>
284 <para>&man.acpi.4; now has support for the HPET time counter. &merged;</para>
286 <para>The &man.acpi.ibm.4; driver now supports setting the fan control
287 mode to manual or automatic, and adjusting the fan speed if the
288 fan control mode is manual. To enable manual control of the fan speed,
289 the sysctl variable <varname>dev.acpi_ibm.<replaceable>0</replaceable>.fan</varname>
290 needs to be set to zero (manual). This should only be used with
291 extreme precaution, as disabling automatic fan control might
292 overheat the hardware and lead to permanent damage.</para>
294 <para>The &man.apm.4; suspend/resume support has been improved.</para>
296 <para>Security event auditing is now supported in the &os; kernel,
297 and is enabled by the <literal>AUDIT</literal> kernel
298 configuration option. More information can be found in the
299 &man.audit.4; manual page.</para>
301 <para>The <literal>options COMPAT_43</literal> kernel
302 configuration option has been deemed unnecessary and has been
303 removed from <filename>GENERIC</filename> and related kernel
304 configurations. This change may result in a small performance
305 increase for some workloads.</para>
307 <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the <literal>show lock</literal>
308 command. If the argument has a valid lock class,
309 this displays various information about the lock and calls a
310 new function pointer in lock_class (lc_ddb_show) to dump class-specific
311 information about the lock as well (such as the owner of a mutex or
312 xlock'ed sx lock). &merged;</para>
314 <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the <literal>show sleepq</literal>
315 command. This takes a wait channel as an argument and looks
316 for a sleep queue associated with that wait channel.</para>
318 <para><filename>DEFAULTS</filename> kernel configuration files
319 for each platform have been added. These files contain
320 directives that are implicitly included in all kernel
321 configurations, and generally include basic, mandatory
322 functionality for each platform. &merged;</para>
324 <para>A bug in file descriptor handling such that a simple
325 <literal>close(0); dup(fd)</literal> sequence does not return
326 descriptor <literal>0</literal> in some cases, has been fixed.</para>
328 <para>The &man.firmware.9; subsystem has been added. This
329 subsystem provides a mechanism
330 to load binary data into the kernel via a specially crafted module.
333 <para>The &man.gdb.1; remote debugging interface now supports
334 copying console messages to a remote debugger instance.
335 To enable this, set <literal>debug.gdbcons="1"</literal>
336 in <filename>loader.conf</filename>, enter <literal>boot -d;
337 gdb; step</literal> from the loader prompt,
338 then attach &man.gdb.1; from a remote machine.
339 The sysctl variable <varname>debug.gdbcons</varname> can be
340 used to turn on/off this functionality.</para>
342 <para>&man.hwpmc.4; and &man.pmcstat.8; now support profiling
343 of dynamically loaded kernel modules and
344 shared objects loaded with &man.dlopen.3;.
345 &man.pmcstat.8; can now log over a network socket
346 to a remote host.</para>
348 <para>Support for Kernel Scheduled Entities (KSE) is now a kernel
349 option (previously it was a mandatory feature in the kernel).
350 It is enabled in the GENERIC kernel (thus there is no change in
351 functionality) for all platforms except sun4v.</para>
353 <para>The &man.priv.9; kernel interface has been added. Its purpose
354 is checking the availability of privilege for threads and credentials.
355 Unlike the existing &man.suser.9; interface, &man.priv.9; exposes a
356 named privilege identifier to the privilege checking code, allowing
357 more complex policies regarding the granting of privilege to be
360 <para>The &man.random.4; entropy device driver is now MPSAFE.
363 <para>&os; now supports concurrent &man.read.2;/&man.readv.2;
364 access to a file.</para>
366 <para>The ULE process scheduler has been revised to improve its
367 behavior, in particular interactivity under load. This
368 implementation can commonly be referred to as <quote>ULE
371 <para>The experimental CORE process scheduler has been added,
372 enabled with the <literal>options SCHED_CORE</literal> kernel
373 configuration option. It is forked from the &man.sched.ule.4;
375 with a different algorithm for detecting an interactive process.
376 More information can be found in the &man.sched.core.4; manual
379 <para>The <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> signal queuing has been
380 added. For each child process whose status has been changed,
381 a <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> instance is queued. If the signal is still pending,
382 and the process changed status several times, the signal information
383 is updated to reflect the latest process status.
384 There is a loader tunable <varname>kern.sigqueue.queue_sigchild</varname>
385 which can control the behavior, setting it to zero disables the
386 <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> queuing feature.</para>
388 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Instead of including all of physical
389 memory in a kernel crash dump, the kernel now defaults to dumping only pages that are
390 actively mapped into kernel virtual memory. A new
391 <varname>debug.minidump</varname> sysctl variable
392 can be used to turn off this behavior when set to zero. &merged;</para>
394 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>kern.malloc_stats</varname>
395 has been added. This allows exporting of kernel malloc
396 statistics via a binary structure stream.</para>
398 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>kern.forcesigexit</varname>
399 has been added. This forces a process
400 to sigexit if a trap signal is being held by the current thread or
401 ignored by the current process. It is enabled by default.</para>
403 <para>The pcvt(4) driver, an alternative to &man.syscons.4;,
404 has been removed, as it had fallen out of sync with the rest
405 of the kernel.</para>
407 <para>RedZone, a buffer corruption protection for the kernel &man.malloc.9;
408 facility has been implemented. This detects both buffer underflows and
409 overflows at runtime on &man.free.9; and &man.realloc.9;,
410 and prints backtraces from where memory was allocated and from where
411 it was freed. For more details, see the &man.redzone.9; manual page.</para>
413 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>security.mac.biba.interfaces_equal</varname>
414 which makes all network interfaces be created with the label
415 <literal>biba/equal(equal-equal)</literal>, has been added.
416 This is useful where programs such as &man.dhclient.8; and &man.ppp.8;.
417 which initialize network interfaces do not have any labeling support.
418 This variable is set as <literal>0</literal> (disabled) by default.
421 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>vm.zone_stats</varname>
422 has been added. This allows to export &man.uma.9; allocator
423 statistics via a binary structure stream.</para>
425 <para>The sysctl variable <varname>hw.pci.do_powerstate</varname>
426 has been changed from a boolean to a range.
427 <literal>0</literal> means no power management,
428 <literal>1</literal> means conservative power management which
429 any device class that has caused problems is added to the watch list,
430 <literal>2</literal> means aggressive power management where
431 any device class that is not fundamental to the system is added to the list,
432 and <literal>3</literal> means power them all down unconditionally.
433 The default is <literal>1</literal>.</para>
435 <para>[&arch.ia64;] The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel now enables
436 SMP support by default.</para>
438 <para>Sample kernel configuration files
439 <filename>src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/MAC</filename>
440 for the Mandatory Access Control framework have been added.</para>
442 <para><varname>POSIX_TIMERS</varname> support has been updated to 200112L.</para>
444 <para>An experimental support for POSIX message queue has been
447 <para>&os; now runs on the Xbox, whose architecture is nearly identical
448 to the i386. For details of the latest development, see
449 <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/xbox.html"></ulink>.
452 <para>The locking strategy for UNIX domain sockets has been
453 revised to improve concurrency; this change has yielded
454 substantial performance improvements on various SMP workloads
455 (in particular, MySQL on 8-way &arch.amd64; systems) with little
456 or no measured overhead on UP systems.</para>
458 <para>Several minor but widespread changes to the Newbus API have
459 been made In order to support some on-going work with interrupt
460 filtering. Because this change also breaks the kernel ABI, all
461 third-party device drivers will need to be modified and
465 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
467 <para>A new option <option>-S</option>,
468 which allows setting the <filename>boot2</filename>
469 serial console speed in the <filename>/boot.config</filename>
470 file or on the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt line,
471 has been added.</para>
473 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] A new loader tunable
474 <varname>comconsole_speed</varname> to change
475 the serial console speed has been added.
476 If the previous stage boot loader requested a serial console,
477 then the default speed is determined from the current serial port
478 speed. Otherwise it is set to 9600 or the value of
479 the <literal>BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED</literal> kernel option.
482 <!-- Above this line, order boot loader changes by keyword-->
484 <para>[&arch.pc98;] A bootable CDROM loader has been implemented
485 for the pc98 platform. &merged;</para>
487 <para>[&arch.i386;] A bug in the i386 boot loader, which could
488 cause file system corruption if
489 a <filename>nextboot.conf</filename> file was used and landed
490 after cylinder 1023, has been fixed. &merged;</para>
495 <title>Hardware Support</title>
497 <para>The &man.amdsmb.4; driver has been added. It provides
498 support for the AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 controller. &merged;</para>
500 <para>The &man.cardbus.4;, &man.pccard.4;,
501 &man.pccbb.4;, and &man.exca.4; drivers are now buildable
502 as kernel modules.</para>
504 <para>An &man.acpi.dock.4; driver has been added to provide
505 support for controlling laptop docking station functions via
506 ACPI. &merged;</para>
508 <para>The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports
509 passive cooling. &merged;</para>
511 <para>The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports overriding
512 the <literal>_PSV</literal>, <literal>_HOT</literal>, and
513 <literal>_CRT</literal> temperature values.</para>
515 <para>Support for the alpha architecture has been removed. Alpha
516 support will remain on the RELENG_5 and RELENG_6 codelines.</para>
518 <para>The &man.cardbus.4; driver now supports
519 <filename>/dev/cardbus<replaceable>%d</replaceable>.cis</filename>.</para>
521 <para>[&arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.ce.4; driver,
522 which supports Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 adapters, has been added.
525 <para>The <literal>est</literal> &man.cpufreq.4; driver now supports
526 frequency control for the VIA C7-M family of processors.</para>
528 <para>Support for the PadLock Security Co-processor in VIA C3,
530 processors has been added to the &man.crypto.9; subsystem.
531 More information can be found in the &man.padlock.4; manual
535 <para>A bug which prevented the &man.ichsmb.4; kernel module
536 from unloading has been fixed.</para>
538 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Dual-core processors (such as the Intel
539 Core Duo) now have both cores available for use by
540 default in SMP-enabled kernels. &merged;</para>
542 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] &man.ipmi.4;, an OpenIPMI compatible driver,
544 OpenIPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) is an open
545 standard designed to enable remote monitoring and control of server,
546 networking and telecommunication platforms. &merged;</para>
548 <para>The &man.kbdmux.4; driver has been integrated into &man.syscons.4; and
549 the <devicename>kbd</devicename> device driver.
550 By default &man.syscons.4; will look for the &man.kbdmux.4;
551 keyboard first, and then, if not found, look for any keyboard.
552 Switching to &man.kbdmux.4; can be done at boot time by loading
553 the <literal>kbdmux</literal> kernel module via &man.loader.8;,
554 or at runtime via &man.kldload.8; and releasing the active
555 keyboard. &merged;</para>
557 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.kbdmux.4; driver is now included in the
558 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default.
559 Also, the <quote>Boot FreeBSD with USB keyboard</quote>
560 menu item in the boot loader menu has been removed
561 since this fixes USB keyboard probing problems.
564 <para>The &man.nfsmb.4; driver, which supports the NVIDIA nForce
565 2/3/4 SMBus 2.0 controller, has been added. &merged;</para>
567 <para>[&arch.ia64;] The loader tunable <varname>debug.mpsafevfs</varname>
568 is set to <literal>1</literal> by default.</para>
570 <para>The &man.sab.4; driver has been removed (it has been
571 superceded by the &man.scc.4; driver).</para>
573 <para>The &man.scc.4; driver has been added.
574 This provides generic support for serial communications
575 controllers and delegates the control over each channel
576 and mode to a subordinate driver such as &man.uart.4;.</para>
578 <para>[&arch.amd64;] The smbios(4) driver support for amd64 has been
581 <para>[&arch.sun4v;] &os; now has preliminary support for the Sun Microsystems
582 UltraSPARC-T1 architecture. &os;/sun4v has been demonstrated
583 to run on the Sun Fire T1000 and Sun Fire T2000 servers.
584 More information can be found on the
585 <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/sun4v.html">sun4v
589 <para>The tnt4882(4) driver, which supports the National Instruments
590 PCI-GPIB card, has been added.</para>
592 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.ia64;, &arch.sparc64;] The &man.uart.4; driver has been included in the
593 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default.
594 When both &man.sio.4; and &man.uart.4; can handle a given serial port,
595 &man.sio.4; will claim it.</para>
597 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver now supports LOM (Lights Out Management)
598 and RSC (Remote System Control) devices as consoles.</para>
600 <para>The zs driver has been removed. Its functionality
601 has been superceded by that of the &man.uart.4; driver.</para>
603 <para>[&arch.i386;] A new loader tunable
604 <varname>hw.apic.enable_extint</varname> has been added.
605 This tunable can be used to disable masking of the ExtINT pin on the first
606 I/O APIC. At least one chipset for the Intel Pentium III seems
607 to need this, even though all of the pins in the 8259As are masked.
608 The default is still to mask the ExtINT pin.</para>
610 <para>[&arch.i386;] Support has been improved for
611 so-called <quote>legacy-free</quote> hardware, in particular,
612 i386 systems without AT-style keyboard controllers such as the
613 Macbook Pro. &merged;</para>
616 <title>Multimedia Support</title>
618 <para>The &man.agp.4; driver now supports ATI AGP chipsets.
621 <para>The new midi(4) driver which is based on NetBSD's one
622 has been added. This supports &man.snd.cmi.4; and
623 &man.snd.emu10k1.4; drivers.</para>
625 <para>The &man.sound.4; driver now supports
626 wider range sampling rate, multiple precisions choice,
627 and 24/32 bit PCM format conversion. &merged;</para>
629 <para>The &man.snd.als4000.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
631 <para>The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver has been added.
632 This supports ATI IXP 200/300/400 series audio controllers. &merged;</para>
634 <para>The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver now supports
635 suspend and resume features.</para>
637 <para>The &man.snd.cmi.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
639 <para>The &man.snd.emu10kx.4; driver has been added. It
640 supports Creative SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy series sound
641 cards with optional pseudo-multichannel playback.</para>
643 <para>The &man.snd.envy24.4; driver has been added to support
644 the Envy24 series of audio chips.</para>
646 <para>The &man.snd.es137x.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
648 <para>The &man.snd.ich.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
650 <para>The &man.snd.hda.4; driver has been added. It supports
651 devices that conform to revision 1.0 of the Intel High Definition
652 Audio specification.</para>
654 <para>The &man.snd.solo.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
656 <para>The &man.snd.via8233.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
658 <para>The &man.snd.via82c686.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
660 <para>[&arch.amd64;] The &man.speaker.4; driver now supports &os;/amd64. &merged;</para>
662 <para>The &man.uaudio.4; driver now supports 24/32 bit audio
663 formats and conversion.</para>
667 <title>Network Interface Support</title>
669 <para>The &man.ath.4; driver has been updated to
670 HAL version 0.9.20.3. &merged;</para>
672 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;, &arch.sparc64;]
673 The &man.ath.4;, &man.ath.hal.4;, and
674 <literal>ath_rate_sample</literal> drivers have been
675 included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by
676 default. &merged;</para>
678 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.bce.4; driver, which supports Broadcom
679 NetXtreme II (BCM5706/BCM5708) PCI/PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controllers,
680 has been added. For more details, see &man.bce.4;. &merged;</para>
682 <para>A bug which prevents the &man.bfe.4; driver from working
683 on a system with over 1GB RAM has been fixed. &merged;</para>
685 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver's Jumbo frame support is now MPSAFE.</para>
687 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver now supports big-endian
688 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
690 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver now supports &man.polling.4; mode.
693 <para>The &man.cm.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
695 <para>The &man.cxgb.4; driver has been added. It provides support for
696 10 Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Chelsio T3 and T3B chipsets.
699 <para>The &man.dc.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
701 <para>The &man.de.4; driver has been converted to the &man.bus.dma.9;
702 API and is now MPSAFE.</para>
704 <para>The &man.ed.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
706 <para>The &man.el.4; driver has been removed due to lack of use.</para>
708 <para>The &man.em.4; driver now supports big-endian
709 architectures such as sparc64. &merged;</para>
711 <para>The &man.em.4; driver has been updated to
712 version 6.2.9 from Intel. Among other changes, it now supports
713 80003, 82571, 82571EB and 82572 based adapters, as well as
714 onboard-NICs on ICH8-based motherboards. &merged;</para>
716 <para>The &man.em.4; driver now includes
717 initial support for suspend and resume features.</para>
719 <para>The performance of the &man.em.4; driver has been improved
720 by using a fast interrupt handler and taskqueue
721 instead of ithread handler. This change can be disabled
722 by defining <literal>NO_EM_FASTINTR</literal> kernel option
723 for debugging purpose.</para>
725 <para>The firmware images needed by the &man.ipw.4; driver are now
726 part of the &os; base system. For the loaded firmware to work the
727 license at <filename>/usr/share/doc/legal/intel_ipw/LICENSE</filename>
728 must be agreed to and <literal>legal.intel_ipw.license_ack=1</literal>
729 has to be added to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.
730 Prior versions of the driver used the firmware image in the
731 <filename role="package">net/ipw-firmware-kmod</filename>
733 <filename role="package">net/ipw-firmware</filename>
734 port/package. &merged;</para>
736 <para>The &man.iwi.4; driver now supports big-endian
737 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
739 <para>A number of improvements and bugfixes have been made to the
740 functionality of the &man.iwi.4; driver. &merged;</para>
742 <para>The firmware images needed by the &man.iwi.4; driver are now
743 part of the &os; base system. For the loaded firmware to work the
744 license at <filename>/usr/share/doc/legal/intel_iwi/LICENSE</filename>
745 must be agreed to and <literal>legal.intel_iwi.license_ack=1</literal>
746 has to be added to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.
747 Prior versions of the driver used the firmware image in the
748 <filename role="package">net/iwi-firmware-kmod</filename>
750 <filename role="package">net/iwi-firmware</filename>
751 port/package. &merged;</para>
753 <para>The &man.le.4; driver, which supports AMD Am7900 LANCE
754 and Am79C9xx PCnet NICs,
755 has been added. While the &man.lnc.4; driver also supports these
756 NICs, this driver has several advantages over it such as
757 MPSAFE, ALTQ, VLAN_MTU, ifmedia, and 32-bit DMA for PCI
758 variants. This driver is based on NetBSD's implementation.
761 <para>The &man.lge.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
763 <para>The lnc(4) driver has been removed. The &man.le.4; and
764 &man.pcn.4; drivers support all devices that were supported
767 <para>The &man.msk.4; driver has been added. It supports
768 network interfaces using the Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II
769 Gigabit Ethernet controller. &merged;</para>
771 <para>The &man.my.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
773 <para>The &man.my.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged;</para>
775 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.mxge.4; driver,
776 which supports Myricom Myri10GE 10 Gigabit Ethernet
777 adapters, has been added. For more details, see
780 <para>The &man.nfe.4; driver, an open-source driver for nForce
781 Ethernet devices, has been added, originally from
784 <para>[&arch.arm;] The &man.npe.4; driver, which supports the
785 Intel XScale Network Processing Engine, has been
786 added. &merged;</para>
788 <para>The &man.nve.4; driver has been updated to version 1.0-0310
789 (23-Nov-2005). It also now has &man.altq.4; support. &merged;</para>
791 <para>The &man.pcn.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
793 <para>The &man.re.4; driver now supports the D-Link DGE-528(T)
794 Gigabit Ethernet card.</para>
796 <para>The &man.sf.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
798 <para>The &man.sk.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
800 <para>The &man.ste.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
802 <para>The &man.stge.4; driver has been added. It supports the
803 Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet controller and was
804 ported from NetBSD. &merged;</para>
806 <para>The &man.ti.4; driver now supports big-endian
807 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
809 <para>The &man.ufoma.4; driver for
810 FOMA (third generation mobile phone system by NTT DoCoMo, Inc.
811 in Japan) has been added.
812 This should support other third generation mobile phones
813 since the driver is based on USB Implementation Guideline
814 from MCPC (Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium) in Japan.</para>
816 <para>The vgapci(4) driver has been added. This is a stub
817 device driver for VGA PCI devices and serves as a bus
818 so that other drivers such as drm(4),
819 &man.acpi.video.4;, and &man.agp.4; can attach to
820 it thus allowing multiple drivers for the same device.</para>
822 <para>The &man.vge.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged;</para>
824 <para>The &man.wi.4; driver is now buildable as
825 a kernel module.</para>
827 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.wlan.wep.4;,
828 &man.wlan.ccmp.4;, and &man.wlan.tkip.4; drivers
829 have been included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename>
830 kernel by default.</para>
832 <para>The network interface groups feature has been imported
833 from OpenBSD. This feature allows an administrator to, for
834 example, apply firewall rules to an entire group of
835 interfaces. More information can be found in
836 &man.ifconfig.8;.</para>
838 <para>The 802.11 protocol stack now has support for 900 MHz
839 cards, as well as quarter- and half-channel support
840 for 802.11a. &merged;</para>
845 <sect3 id="net-proto">
846 <title>Network Protocols</title>
848 <para>The &man.arp.4; retransmission algorithm has been
849 rewritten so that ARP requests are retransmitted without
850 suppression, while there is demand for such ARP entry.
851 Due to this change, a sysctl variable
852 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.host_down_time</varname>
853 has been removed. &merged;</para>
855 <para>The &man.arp.4; protocol now supports a sysctl variable
856 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_permanent_modify</varname>
857 to suppress logging of attempts to modify
858 permanent ARP entries. &merged;</para>
860 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] An experimental BPF Just-In-Time compiler
861 has been implemented for both &man.bpf.4; and &man.ng.bpf.4;.
863 <literal>options BPF_JITTER</literal> kernel option is needed.
864 The <varname>net.bpf_jitter.enable</varname>
865 can be used to disable this feature.</para>
867 <para>Multiple copies of a packet received via different
868 &man.bpf.4; listeners now all have identical
869 timestamps. &merged;</para>
871 <para>The &man.bpf.4; device now supports several new
872 &man.ioctl.2; calls to allow examining inbound vs. outbound
873 packets, as well as packets that have been injected onto the
876 <para>The bridge(4) driver has been removed from the tree. Its
877 functionality has been completely replaced by
878 &man.if.bridge.4;.</para>
880 <para>The &man.enc.4; IPsec filtering pseudo-device has been
881 added. It allows firewall packages using the &man.pfil.9;
882 framework to examine (and filter) IPsec traffic before
883 outbound encryption and after inbound decryption. &merged;</para>
885 <para>The &man.gre.4; driver, which is for GRE encapsulation
886 found in RFC 1701 and RFC 1702, now supports IPv6 over GRE.</para>
888 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports
889 creating SPAN ports, which transmit a copy of every frame
890 received by the bridge. This feature can be enabled
891 by using &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged;</para>
893 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports
894 RFC 3378 EtherIP. This change makes it possible to
895 add &man.gif.4; interfaces to bridges, which will then
896 send and receive IP protocol 97 packets.
897 Packets are Ethernet frames with an EtherIP header prepended.
900 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports RSTP, the Rapid
901 Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w). &merged;</para>
903 <para>A hard-coded limit on the number of IPv4 multicast group
904 memberships (formerly 20) has been removed.</para>
906 <para>The path MTU discovery for multicast packets in the &os;
907 IPv6 stack has been disabled by default.
908 Path MTU notification from a large number of multicast routers
909 can be a kind of distributed Denial-of-Service attack to a router.
910 This feature can be re-enabled by using a new sysctl variable
911 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.mcast_pmtu</varname>. &merged;</para>
913 <para>IPv6 multicast forwarding is now dynamically loadable, via
914 the <filename>ip_mroute.ko</filename> module.</para>
916 <para>IPv6 link-local addresses are now enabled only
917 if <varname>ipv6_enable</varname> is set in &man.rc.conf.5;.
920 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; IP packet filter now supports IPv6. &merged;</para>
922 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; firewall system now supports
923 a <literal>tablearg</literal> feature, which allows
924 values obtained from a table lookup to be used as part of a
926 This feature can be used to optimize some rulesets
927 or to implement policy-based routing inside a firewall.
928 For example, the following rules will throw different
929 packets to different pipes:</para>
931 <programlisting>pipe 1000 config bw 1000Kbyte/s
932 pipe 4000 config bw 4000Kbyte/s
933 table 1 add x.x.x.x 1000
934 table 1 add x.x.x.y 4000
935 pipe tablearg ip from table(1) to any</programlisting>
937 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; packet filter now supports
938 <literal>tag</literal> and <literal>untag</literal> rule keywords.
939 When a packet matches a rule with the <literal>tag</literal>
940 keyword, the numeric tag for the given number in the range
941 from 0 to 65535 will be attached to the packet.
942 The tag acts as an internal marker (it is not sent out over
943 the wire) that can be used to identify these packets later on,
944 for example, by using <literal>tagged</literal>
945 rule option. For more details, see &man.ipfw.8;. &merged;</para>
947 <para>The <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</literal> kernel
948 option has been removed. This option was used to permit
949 &man.ipfw.4; to redirect packets with local destinations.
950 This behavior is now always enabled when
951 the <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</literal> kernel option is
952 enabled. &merged;</para>
954 <para>The ip6fw(8) packet filter has been removed. Since &man.ipfw.4; has gained
955 IPv6 support, it should be used instead. Please note that some rules might need
956 to be adjusted.</para>
958 <para>The &man.natm.4;, Native Mode ATM protocol layer is now MPSAFE.</para>
960 <para>A new &man.ng.deflate.4; NetGraph node type has been
961 added. It implements Deflate PPP compression. &merged;</para>
963 <para>The &man.ng.ether.4; Netgraph node no longer overwrites
964 the MAC address of outgoing frames by default. &merged;</para>
966 <para>The &man.ng.iface.4; Netgraph node now supports &man.altq.4;.
969 <para>A new &man.ng.pred1.4; NetGraph node type has been added
970 to implement Predictor-1 PPP compression. &merged;</para>
972 <para>The &man.ng.tag.4; Netgraph node has been added to
973 support the manipulation of mbuf tags attached to data in the
974 kernel. &merged;</para>
976 <para>A bug has been fixed in which NFS over TCP would not reconnect
977 when the server sent a FIN. This problem had occurred
978 with Solaris NFS servers. &merged;</para>
980 <para>The default retransmit timer for NFS over TCP is now 60 seconds.
981 This change prevents the unnecessary retransmission of
982 non-idempotent NFS requests. The <varname>nfs_access_cache</varname>
983 variable in &man.rc.conf.5; has also been changed to 60.</para>
985 <para>The default minimum number of nfsiod kernel threads
986 (&man.sysctl.8; variable <varname>vfs.nfs.iodmin</varname>)
987 has been changed from 4 to 0.</para>
989 <para>The sysctl variables <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</varname>
990 and <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow</varname>
991 can be used with IPv6 now. &merged;</para>
993 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>net.inet.icmp.reply_from_interface</varname>
994 has been added. This allows the &man.icmp.4;
995 reply to non-local packets to be generated with
996 the IP address the packet came through in.
997 This is useful for routers to show in &man.traceroute.8;
998 the actual path a packet has taken instead of
999 the possibly different return path.</para>
1001 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>net.inet.icmp.quotelen</varname>
1002 has been added. This allows to change length of
1003 the quotation of the original packet in an ICMP reply.
1004 The minimum of 8 bytes is internally enforced.
1005 The maximum quotation is the remaining space in the
1006 reply mbuf. This option is added in response to the
1007 issues raised in I-D
1008 <filename>draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt</filename>.</para>
1010 <para>The &man.icmp.4; now always quotes the entire TCP header
1011 when responding and allocate an mbuf cluster if needed.
1012 This change fixes the TCP issues raised in I-D
1013 <filename>draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt</filename>.</para>
1015 <para>A new socket option <literal>IP_MINTTL</literal> has been added.
1016 This may be used to set the minimum acceptable
1017 TTL a packet must have when received on a socket.
1018 All packets with a lower TTL are silently dropped.
1019 This works on already connected/connecting and
1020 listening sockets for RAW, UDP, and TCP. This option
1021 is only really useful when set to <literal>255</literal>, preventing packets
1022 from outside the directly connected networks reaching
1023 local listeners on sockets. Also, this option allows
1024 userland implementation of <quote>The Generalized TTL
1025 Security Mechanism (GTSM)</quote> found in RFC 3682.</para>
1027 <para>The kernel &man.ppp.4; driver now supports IPv6.</para>
1029 <para>Stealth forwarding now supports IPv6 as well as IPv4.
1030 This behavior can be controlled by using a new sysctl variable
1031 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.stealth</varname>.</para>
1033 <para>Support has been added for the Stream Control Transmission
1034 Protocol (SCTP). SCTP implements a reliable, message-oriented
1035 transport protocol, and is defined in RFC 3268. It is enabled
1036 in &os; with the <literal>SCTP</literal> kernel option.</para>
1038 <para>The <literal>IPV6_V6ONLY</literal> socket option
1039 now works for UDP.</para>
1041 <para>The TCP bandwidth-delay product limiting feature has
1042 been disabled when the RTT is below a certain threshold.
1043 This optimization does not make sense on a LAN, as it has
1044 trouble figuring out the maximal bandwidth due to the coarse
1045 tick granularity. A new sysctl variable
1046 <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.rttthresh</varname> specifies
1047 the threshold in milliseconds below which this feature
1048 will disengage. It defaults to 10ms. &merged;</para>
1050 <para>The &os; network stack now has support for TCP
1051 Segmentation Offload (TSO). TSO reduces the overhead of
1052 sending bulk TCP data by allowing a network interface to
1053 convert a large data transfer into multiple TCP segments to be
1054 sent on the network. This functionality can be enabled or
1055 disabled on a per-interface basis with
1056 the <literal>tso</literal> and <literal>-tso</literal> flags
1057 to &man.ifconfig.8;. Network interfaces and drivers
1058 supporting TSO currently include &man.em.4;,
1059 &man.mxge.4; and &man.cxgb.4;.</para>
1061 <para>&os; now supports auto-sizing of TCP socket buffers. This
1062 allows the socket buffer sizes to adapt dynamically to network
1063 conditions, rather than being set statically. The behavior of
1064 this feature can be controlled using
1065 the <varname>net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_*</varname>
1066 and <varname>net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_*</varname> sysctl
1069 <para>Support for &man.kqueue.2; operations has been added to
1070 the &man.tun.4; driver. &merged;</para>
1075 <title>Disks and Storage</title>
1077 <para>The &man.aac.4; driver now supports the Adaptec 2610SA SATA-RAID
1078 controller in some Hewlett-Packard machines.</para>
1080 <para>The performance of the &man.amr.4; driver has been improved;
1081 it also now supports full 64-bit DMA. While this feature is
1082 enabled by default, this can be forced off by setting the
1083 <varname>hw.amr.force_sg32</varname> loader tunable for
1087 <para>The &man.amr.4; driver now supports the &man.ioctl.2; requests
1088 necessary for the Linux LSI MegaRaid tools in &os;'s Linux emulation
1092 <para>The &man.arcmsr.4; driver has been updated to version
1093 1.20.00.13. &merged;</para>
1095 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a workaround
1096 for some controllers whose DMA does not work properly
1097 in 48bit mode. For affected controllers,
1098 PIO mode will be used for access to areas beyond 137GB.
1101 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports the ITE IT8211F IDE controller,
1102 and the Promise PDC40718 and PDC40719 chip found in Promise
1106 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports DMA for kernel crash dumps,
1107 as well as crash dumping to an &man.ataraid.4; device.
1110 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports USB mass storage class
1111 devices. To enable it, a line <literal>device atausb</literal>
1112 in the kernel configuration file or loading the
1113 <filename>atausb</filename> kernel module is needed.
1114 Note that this functionality cannot coexist with the
1115 &man.umass.4; driver. &merged;</para>
1117 <para>The &man.ataraid.4; driver now supports
1118 JMicron ATA RAID metadata. &merged;</para>
1120 <para>The <literal>GEOM_LABEL</literal> class now supports
1121 Ext2FS, NTFS, and ReiserFS. &merged;</para>
1123 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> class now supports
1124 kernel crash dumps to the GEOM providers.
1127 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> and <literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal>
1128 classes now support sysctl variables
1129 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.disconnect_on_failure</varname>
1131 <varname>kern.geom.graid3.disconnect_on_failure</varname>
1132 to control whether failed components will be disconnected or not.
1133 The default value is <literal>1</literal> to preserve the current
1134 behavior, and if it is set to <literal>0</literal> such components
1135 are not disconnected and the kernel will try to still use them
1136 (only the first error will be logged).
1137 This is helpful for the case of multiple broken components (in
1138 different places), so actually all data is available.
1139 The broken components will be visible in <command>gmirror list</command>
1140 or <command>graid3 list</command> output with flag
1141 <literal>BROKEN</literal>.
1144 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> and <literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal>
1145 classes now use parallel I/O requests for synchronization
1146 to improve the performance. New sysctl variables
1147 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.sync_requests</varname> and
1148 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.sync_requests</varname>
1149 define how many parallel I/O requests should be used.
1150 Also, the sysctl variables
1151 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.reqs_per_sync</varname>,
1152 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.syncs_per_sec</varname>,
1153 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.reqs_per_sync</varname>, and
1154 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.syncs_per_sec</varname>
1155 are deprecated and have been removed.
1158 <para>A new GEOM_MULTIPATH class has been added to support
1159 multiple access paths to disk devices. The &man.gmultipath.8;
1160 utility has been added to control the behavior of disk devices
1161 using this feature.</para>
1163 <para>A new GEOM class <literal>GEOM_ZERO</literal> has been added.
1164 It creates a very huge provider (41PB) <filename>/dev/gzero</filename>
1165 and is mainly useful for performance testing.
1166 On <literal>BIO_READ</literal> request it zero-fills
1167 <varname>bio_data</varname> and on <literal>BIO_WRITE</literal>
1171 <para>The GEOM class kernel module <filename>g_md.ko</filename>
1172 has been renamed to <filename>geom_md.ko</filename>
1173 for consistency.</para>
1175 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.hptmv.4; driver has been updated and now supports
1176 amd64 as well as PAE.</para>
1178 <para>The &man.mfi.4; driver, which supports
1179 the LSI MegaRAID SAS controller family, has been added.
1182 <para>The &man.mpt.4; driver has been updated to support
1183 various new features such as RAID volume and RAID member
1184 state/settings reporting, periodic volume re-synchronization
1185 status reporting, and sysctl variables for volume
1186 re-synchronization rate, volume member write cache status,
1187 and volume transaction queue depth.</para>
1189 <para>The &man.mpt.4; driver now supports SAS HBA (partially),
1190 64-bit PCI, and large data transfer.</para>
1192 <para>The &man.twa.4; driver has been updated to the 9.3.0.1
1193 release on the 3ware Web site. &merged;</para>
1195 <para>A new GEOM-based disk encryption facility, GEOM_ELI, has been
1196 added. It uses the &man.crypto.9; framework for hardware acceleration
1197 and supports different cryptographic algorithms. See &man.geli.8; for
1198 more information. &merged;</para>
1200 <para>The &man.geli.8; disk encryption system now supports loading keyfiles before the root
1201 file system is mounted. &merged;
1202 For example, the following entries
1203 can be used in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> to enable
1206 <programlisting>geli_da0_keyfile0_load="YES"
1207 geli_da0_keyfile0_type="da0:geli_keyfile0"
1208 geli_da0_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da0.key0"
1209 geli_da0_keyfile1_load="YES"
1210 geli_da0_keyfile1_type="da0:geli_keyfile1"
1211 geli_da0_keyfile1_name="/boot/keys/da0.key1"
1212 geli_da0_keyfile2_load="YES"
1213 geli_da0_keyfile2_type="da0:geli_keyfile2"
1214 geli_da0_keyfile2_name="/boot/keys/da0.key2"
1216 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_load="YES"
1217 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_type="da1s3a:geli_keyfile0"
1218 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da1s3a.key"</programlisting>
1220 <para>&man.geli.8; is now able to perform data integrity
1221 verification (data authentication) of encrypted data stored on
1222 disk. Note that the encryption algorithm is now specified to
1223 the &man.geli.8; control program using the <option>-e</option>
1224 option; the <option>-a</option> option is now used to specify
1225 the authentication algorithm. &merged;</para>
1227 <para>The &man.umass.4; driver now supports
1228 <literal>PLAY_MSF</literal>,
1229 <literal>PLAY_TRACK</literal>,
1230 <literal>PLAY_TRACK_REL</literal>,
1231 <literal>PAUSE</literal>,
1232 <literal>PLAY_12</literal> commands so that
1233 the &man.cdcontrol.1; utility can handle a USB CD drive.</para>
1237 <title>File Systems</title>
1239 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.linsysfs.5;
1240 pseudo-file system driver has been added.
1241 It provides a subset of the
1242 Linux <filename>sys</filename> file system, and is required for
1243 the correct operation of some Linux binaries (such as the LSI
1244 MegaRAID SAS utility). &merged;</para>
1246 <para>A part of the FreeBSD NFS subsystem (the interface with
1247 the protocol stack and callouts, the NFS client side) is now MPSAFE.</para>
1249 <para>Initial (read-only) support for SGI's XFS file system has been
1252 <para>The unionfs file system has been re-implemented. This
1253 version solves many crashing and locking issues compared to
1254 the previous implementation. It also adds
1255 new <quote>transparent</quote> and <quote>masquerade</quote>
1256 modes for automatically creating files in the upper file system
1257 layer of unions. More information can be found in the
1258 &man.mount.unionfs.8; manual page. &merged;</para>
1263 <sect2 id="userland">
1264 <title>Userland Changes</title>
1266 <para>The addr2ascii() and ascii2addr() library calls, originally
1267 introduced by the INRIA IPv6 implementation, have been removed
1268 from <filename>libc</filename>. They have no consumers in the
1269 &os; base system. In a related change, support
1270 for <literal>AF_LINK</literal> addresses has been added to
1271 &man.getnameinfo.3;.</para>
1273 <para>Padding of <varname>ai_addrlen</varname>
1274 in <varname>struct addrinfo</varname> has been removed,
1275 which was originally for the ABI compatibility.
1276 For example, this change breaks the ABI compatibility of the
1277 &man.getaddrinfo.3; function on 64-bit architectures, including
1278 &os;/amd64, &os;/ia64, and &os;/sparc64.</para>
1280 <para>The &man.asf.8; utility has been revised and extended. Now
1281 it can operate via several interfaces including &man.kvm.3;,
1282 which supports not only live systems, but also kernel crash dumps.
1285 <para>The &man.arp.8; utility now allows the <option>-i</option>
1286 option together with the <option>-d</option> and <option>-a</option> options
1287 to allow all entries for a given interface to be removed.</para>
1289 <para>The OpenBSM userland tools, including &man.audit.8;,
1291 &man.auditreduce.1;, and
1292 &man.praudit.1;, have been added. &merged;</para>
1294 <para>The &man.bsdiff.1; and &man.bspatch.1; utilities
1295 have been added. These are tools for constructing and
1296 applying binary patches. &merged;</para>
1298 <para>The &man.bsnmpd.1; utility now supports the Host Resources
1299 MIB described in RFC 2790. &merged;</para>
1301 <para>&man.cached.8; has been added. It is a daemon that caches
1302 the results of nsswitch lookups (such as those to the password,
1303 group, and services databases) for improved performance.</para>
1305 <para>The &man.cmp.1; utility now supports an <option>-h</option>
1306 flag to compare the symbolic link itself rather than the
1307 file that the link points to. &merged;</para>
1309 <para>The &man.config.8; utility now supports the <literal>nocpu</literal>
1310 directive, which cancels the effect of a
1311 previous <literal>cpu</literal> directive. &merged;</para>
1313 <para>The &man.config.8; utility now reads <filename>DEFAULTS</filename>
1314 kernel configuration file if it exists in the current directory
1315 before the specified configuration file. &merged;</para>
1317 <para>The &man.cp.1; utility now supports a <option>-l</option>
1318 option, which causes it to create hardlinks to the source files
1319 instead of copying them. &merged;</para>
1321 <para>The &man.csh.1; utility now supports NLS catalogs.
1322 Note that this requires installing
1323 the <filename role="package">shells/tcsh_nls</filename> port.
1326 <para>The &man.csup.1; utility has been imported.
1327 This is an implementation of a CVSup-compatible client written
1328 in the C language. Note that it currently supports checkout mode
1329 only. &merged;</para>
1331 <para>The &man.dhclient.8; program now sends the host's name in
1332 DHCP requests if it is not specified in the configuration
1333 file. &merged;</para>
1335 <para>The &man.devd.8; utility now supports a <option>-f</option> option
1336 to specify a configuration file. &merged;</para>
1338 <para>The &man.du.1; program now supports a <option>-n</option>
1339 flag, which causes it to ignore files and directories with
1340 the <literal>nodump</literal> flag set. &merged;</para>
1342 <para>The &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8; programs now attempt to
1343 save and restore extended attribute information on files.</para>
1345 <para>The &man.fsdb.8; utility now supports changing the birth
1346 time of files on UFS2 file systems using the new
1347 <literal>btime</literal> command. &merged;</para>
1349 <para>The &man.fsdb.8; program now supports
1350 a <literal>findblk</literal> command, which finds the inode(s)
1351 owning a specific disk block. &merged;</para>
1353 <para>The &man.find.1; program now supports <option>-Btime</option>
1354 and other related primaries, which can be used to create expressions
1355 based on a file's creation time. &merged;</para>
1357 <para>A bug in the &man.find.1; program which prevents
1358 numeric arguments for <option>-user</option> and
1359 <option>-group</option> from working as expected
1360 has been fixed.</para>
1362 <para>The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility, a tool for managing
1363 binary updates to the &os; base system, has been added. &merged;</para>
1365 <para>The &man.ftpd.8; utility now creates a PID file
1366 <filename>/var/run/ftpd.pid</filename> even when
1367 no <option>-p</option> option is specified. &merged;</para>
1369 <para>The &man.gbde.8; utility now supports
1370 <option>-k</option> and <option>-K</option> options
1371 to specify a key file in addition to a passphrase.</para>
1373 <para>The &man.getfacl.1; utility now supports
1374 a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress the per-file header
1375 comment listing the file name, owner, and group.
1378 <para>The &man.getent.1; utility has been imported from NetBSD.
1379 It retrieves and displays information from an administrative
1380 database (such as <filename>hosts</filename>) using the lookup
1381 order specified in &man.nsswitch.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
1383 <para>The &man.gpt.8; utility now supports setting GPT partition labels.</para>
1385 <para>The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports commands
1386 to rename objects and to move a subdisk from
1387 one drive to another. &merged;</para>
1389 <para>The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports the
1390 <command>resetconfig</command> sub-command.</para>
1392 <para>An implementation of Generic Security Service API (GSS-API)
1393 version 2 and its C binding described in RFC2743 and RFC2744
1394 has been added. This is a new extensible GSS-API layer which
1395 can support GSS-API plugins, similar the the Solaris
1396 implementation, and the Kerberos 5 GSS mechanism has
1397 been rewritten as a plugin library for the new implementation.</para>
1399 <para>The &man.hccontrol.8; utility now supports HCI node
1400 autodetection.</para>
1402 <para>The &man.id.1; utility now prints the effective user
1403 ID after the group ID.</para>
1405 <para>The &man.id.1; utility now supports a <option>-A</option>
1406 flag to print process audit properties, including the audit user
1409 <para>The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports
1410 a <option>-k</option> flag to allow printing
1411 potentially sensitive keying material to standard output.
1412 This sensitive information will not be printed by default.</para>
1414 <para>The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports a <option>-tunnel</option>
1415 parameter, which is just an alias for <option>deletetunnel</option>,
1416 yet is more convenient and easier to type.</para>
1418 <para>The <option>-vlandev</option> parameter to &man.ifconfig.8;
1419 no longer requires a network interface as its argument. The
1420 argument still is supported for backward compatibility, but
1421 is now deprecated and its use is discouraged.</para>
1423 <para>The &man.iostat.8; utility now supports
1424 a <option>-x</option> flag (inspired by Solaris) to print
1425 extended disk statistics. If the new <option>-z</option> flag is
1426 also specified, no output is made for disks with no
1427 activity. &merged;</para>
1429 <para>The &man.ipfwpcap.8; utility has been added; it captures
1430 packets on a &man.divert.4; socket and writes them as
1431 &man.pcap.3; (also known as &man.tcpdump.1;) format data to a
1432 file or pipe.</para>
1434 <para>The &man.jail.8; utility supports a <option>-J
1435 <replaceable>jid_file</replaceable></option> option to
1436 write out a JidFile, similar to a PidFile, containing
1437 the jailid, path, hostname, IP and the command used to start
1438 the jail. &merged;</para>
1440 <para>The &man.jail.8; program now supports a <option>-s</option>
1441 option to specify a jail's securelevel. &merged;</para>
1443 <para>The &man.jexec.8; utility now supports <option>-u</option>
1444 and <option>-U</option> flags to specify username credentials
1445 under which a command should be executed. &merged;</para>
1447 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a <option>-H</option>
1448 flag, which causes kdump to print an additional field holding
1449 the threadid. &merged;</para>
1451 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a <option>-s</option>
1452 flag to suppress the display of I/O data. &merged;</para>
1454 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports printing
1455 flags in a system call argument by using symbol names.</para>
1457 <para>The &man.kenv.1; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1458 flag to suppress warnings.</para>
1460 <para>&man.kgdb.1; now supports a <option>-w</option>
1461 option to open kmem-based targets in read-write mode.
1462 This allows one to use kgdb on <filename>/dev/mem</filename>
1463 and be able to patch memory on a live system.</para>
1465 <para>The &man.libarchive.3; library now supports
1466 POSIX.1e-style Extended Attributes.</para>
1468 <para>The <application>libc</application> library now includes
1469 initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version
1472 <para>The <application>libedit</application> library has been
1473 updated from the NetBSD source tree as of August 2005.</para>
1475 <para>The <application>libm</application> library now includes
1476 initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version
1479 <para>The &man.libmemstat.3; library has been added.
1480 This is for use by debugging and monitoring applications
1481 in tracking kernel memory statistics. It provides an
1482 abstracted interface to &man.uma.9; and &man.malloc.9;
1483 statistics, wrapped around the binary stream sysctl variables
1484 for the allocators. &merged;</para>
1486 <para>The &man.ln.1; utility now supports
1487 an <option>-F</option> flag, which deletes existing
1488 empty directories when creating symbolic links.
1491 <para>The &man.locate.1; utility now supports
1492 a <option>-0</option> flag to make this utility
1493 interoperable with &man.xargs.1;'s <option>-0</option> flag.
1496 <para>The &man.logger.1; utility now supports
1497 a <option>-P</option>, which specifies the port to which syslog
1498 messages should be sent. &merged;</para>
1500 <para>The &man.ls.1; utility now supports
1501 an <option>-I</option> flag to disable the automatic
1502 <option>-A</option> flag for the superuser. &merged;</para>
1504 <para>The &man.ls.1; utility now supports
1505 an <option>-U</option> flag to use the file creation
1506 time for sorting. &merged;</para>
1508 <para>A new &man.malloc.3; implementation has been introduced.
1509 This implementation, sometimes referred to
1510 as <quote>jemalloc</quote>, was designed to improve the
1511 performance of multi-threaded programs, particularly on SMP
1512 systems, while preserving the performance of single-threaded
1513 programs. Due to the use of different algorithms and data
1514 structures, jemalloc may expose some previously-unknown bugs in
1515 userland code, although most of the &os; base system and common
1516 ports have been tested and/or fixed.</para>
1518 <para>The &man.mdconfig.8; utility now supports producing
1519 device listings formatted as XML. Currently, the
1520 <command>list</command> and <command>query</command>
1521 sub-commands support this feature.</para>
1523 <para>The &man.mdconfig.8; utility's <option>-u</option> option
1524 now supports specifying multiple devices separated
1525 by comma character.</para>
1527 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a <option>-P</option> flag
1528 to allow skipping the &man.newfs.8; process
1529 when using a vnode-backed disk.</para>
1531 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a <option>-E</option> flag
1532 to allow to specify location of the &man.mdconfig.8;
1533 utility instead of using the default one
1534 (<filename>/sbin/mdconfig</filename>).</para>
1536 <para>A new function &man.memmem.3; has been implemented in
1537 <filename>libc</filename>. This is the binary equivalent to
1538 &man.strstr.3; and found in <filename>glibc</filename>.</para>
1540 <para>The &man.mergemaster.8; utility now supports
1541 an <option>-A</option> option to explicitly specify
1542 an architecture to pass through to the underlying makefiles.
1545 <para>The &man.mount.8; <literal>nodev</literal> option has
1546 been removed.</para>
1548 <para>The &man.mount.8; utility now supports &man.mqueuefs.5;.</para>
1550 <para>A bug which prevents the &man.mount.8; utility from converting
1551 a read-only mount to read-write via <command>mount -u -o rw</command>,
1552 has been fixed.</para>
1554 <para>The &man.mount.8; utility now supports a
1555 <literal>late</literal> keyword in &man.fstab.5;, along with a
1556 corresponding <option>-l</option> command-line option to specify
1557 that these <quote>late</quote> file systems should be
1558 mounted. &merged;</para>
1560 <para>The &man.moused.8; daemon now supports an <option>-H</option> flag
1561 to enable horizontal virtual scrolling similar to the
1562 <option>-V</option> flag for vertical virtual scrolling.
1565 <para>The mrouted(8) multicast routing daemon has been removed
1566 from the &os; base system. It implements the DVMRP multicast
1567 routing protocol, which has largely been replaced by PIM in many
1568 multicast installations. The related map-mbone(8) and mrinfo(8)
1569 utilities have also been removed. These programs are now
1570 available in the &os; Ports Collection
1571 as <filename role="package">net/mrouted</filename>.</para>
1573 <para>The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports an
1574 <option>-h</option> flag for interface stats mode,
1575 which prints all interface statistics in human readable form. &merged;</para>
1577 <para>The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports
1578 printing &man.ipsec.4; protocol statistics if the
1579 kernel was compiled with <literal>FAST_IPSEC</literal>
1580 rather than the KAME IPSEC stack.
1581 Note that the output of <command>netstat -s -p ipsec</command>
1582 differs depending on which stack is compiled into
1583 the kernel since they each keep different statistics. &merged;</para>
1585 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file is now
1586 installed statically instead of being generated on every
1589 <para>The objformat(1) utility and getobjformat(3) library (the
1590 last remnants of a.out object file support) have been removed.</para>
1592 <para>The &man.periodic.8; daily script now supports
1593 display of the status of &man.gmirror.8;, &man.graid3.8;,
1594 &man.gstripe.8;, and &man.gconcat.8; devices.
1595 Note that these are disabled by default. &merged;</para>
1597 <para>A new function, &man.pidfile.3;, which provides reliable
1598 pidfiles handling, has been implemented in
1599 <filename>libutil</filename>. &merged;</para>
1601 <para>The &man.ping.8; utility now supports a <quote>sweeping
1602 ping</quote> in which &man.icmp.4; payload of
1603 packets being sent is increased with given step.
1604 This is useful for testing problematic channels, MTU issues
1605 or traffic policing functions in networks. &merged;</para>
1607 <para>The &man.ping.8; command now supports a <option>-W</option>
1608 option to specify the maximum time to wait for an echo reply.
1611 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a
1612 <option>-F</option> option which allows to
1613 restrict matches to a process whose PID is stored in the
1614 pidfile file. When another new option <option>-L</option>
1615 is also specified, the pidfile file must be locked with the
1616 &man.flock.2; syscall or created with &man.pidfile.3;.</para>
1618 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a
1619 <option>-I</option> flag which works like <option>-i</option>
1620 of &man.rm.1;. When this flag is specified, &man.pkill.1;
1621 will ask for confirmation before sending a signal to
1622 each matching process.</para>
1624 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility (also known as &man.pgrep.1;) has
1625 been moved from <filename>/usr/bin</filename>
1626 to <filename>/bin</filename> so that it can be used by startup
1627 scripts. Symbolic links from its former location have been
1628 created for backward compatibility. &merged;</para>
1630 <para>The &man.powerd.8; program now supports a
1631 <option>-P</option> option, which specifies a pidfile to use.</para>
1633 <para>An extensible implementation of &man.printf.3;, compatible
1634 with GLIBC, has been added to <filename>libc</filename>. It is
1635 only used if the environment variable
1636 <varname>USE_XPRINTF</varname> is defined, one of the extension
1637 functions is called, or the global variable
1638 <varname>__use_xprintf</varname> is set to a value greater than
1639 <literal>0</literal>. Five extensions are currently supported:
1640 <literal>%H</literal> (hex dump),
1641 <literal>%T</literal> (<varname>time_t</varname> and
1642 time-related structures),
1643 <literal>%M</literal> (errno message),
1644 <literal>%Q</literal> (double-quoted, escaped string),
1645 <literal>%V</literal> (&man.strvis.3;-format string),
1648 <para>The DNS resolver library in &os;'s <application>libc</application>
1649 has been updated to that from BIND 9.3.3. &merged;</para>
1651 <para>The &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; program now supports service names
1652 in addition to <option>-c</option> option with channel number.
1653 The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax),
1654 LAN (LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port). &merged;</para>
1656 <para>The &man.rpcgen.1; utility now generates headers and stub files
1657 that can be used with ANSI C compilers by default.</para>
1659 <para>The &man.rtld.1; runtime linker now supports ELF symbol versioning
1660 using GNU semantics. This implementation aims to be compatible
1661 with symbol versioning support as implemented by GNU libc and
1662 documented in <ulink url="http://people.redhat.com/~drepper/symbol-versioning"></ulink>
1663 and LSB 3.0. Also, <function>dlvsym()</function>
1664 function has been added to
1665 allow lookups for a specific version of a given symbol.</para>
1667 <para>A bug in the &man.sed.1; utility which can cause
1668 incorrect calculation of pattern space length in some cases
1669 has been fixed.</para>
1671 <para>The <option>-h</option> flag to &man.setfacl.1; now properly
1672 sets the ACL on a symbolic link, not the link target.</para>
1674 <para>The &man.sh.1; utility now supports a <literal>times</literal>
1675 built-in command. &merged;</para>
1677 <para>The &man.snapinfo.8; utility, which shows snapshot locations
1678 on UFS file systems, has been added. &merged;</para>
1680 <para>The &man.sockstat.1; utility, which shows connected and
1681 listening network sockets, now supports a new <option>-P</option>
1682 command-line option, which can be used to filter displayed sockets
1683 by protocol name (as listed in &man.protocols.5;).</para>
1685 <para>The &man.strtonum.3; library function has been implemented
1686 based on OpenBSD's implementation. This is an improved version of
1687 &man.strtoll.3;. &merged;</para>
1689 <para>The &man.sysctl.8; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1690 flag to suppress a limited set of warnings and errors.</para>
1692 <para>The &man.tail.1; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1693 flag to suppress header lines when multiple files are
1694 specified. &merged;</para>
1696 <para>The version of tcpslice in the &os; base system has been
1697 removed due to obsolescence. A more up-to-date version can be
1698 found in the Ports Collection
1699 as <filename role="package">net/tcpslice</filename>.</para>
1701 <para>The &man.time.1; utility now prints the time that a given
1702 command has been running if sent a <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal.</para>
1704 <para>The &man.traceroute.8; program now supports
1705 a <option>-D</option> flag, which causes it to display the
1706 differences between the sent and received
1707 packets. &merged;</para>
1709 <para>The &man.traceroute.8; utility now supports
1710 a <option>-e</option> option, which sets a fixed destination
1711 port for probe packets. This can be useful for tracing behind
1712 packet-filtering firewalls. &merged;</para>
1714 <para>&man.traceroute.8; now decodes the complete set of ICMP
1715 unreachable messages in its output. &merged;</para>
1717 <para>The &man.truss.1; utility now supports an <option>-s</option>
1718 flag for the same functionality as the strace utility
1719 (<filename role="package">devel/strace</filename>).</para>
1721 <para>[&arch.powerpc;] The &man.truss.1; utility now supports &os;/powerpc.</para>
1723 <para>The usbd(8) utility has been removed.
1724 The &man.devd.8; utility and its configuration
1725 file now support functionality which is equivalent to it.</para>
1727 <para>The vnconfig(8) utility, which was long ago replaced by
1728 &man.mdconfig.8;, has been removed.</para>
1730 <para>The &man.xargs.1; utility now supports a <option>-r</option>
1731 flag which makes the command execution when the standard input
1732 does not contain any non-whitespace-characters. &merged;</para>
1734 <para>The shared library version number of all libraries has
1735 been updated due to some possible ABI changes. The libraries
1736 include: snmp_<replaceable>*</replaceable>, libdialog, libg2c, libobjc,
1737 libreadline, libregex, libstdc++, libkrb5, libalias, libarchive,
1738 libbegemot, libbluetooth, libbsnmp, libbz2, libc_r, libcrypt,
1739 libdevstat, libedit, libexpat, libfetch, libftpio, libgpib,
1740 libipsec, libkiconv, libmagic, libmp, libncp, libncurses,
1741 libnetgraph, libngatm, libopie, libpam, libpthread, libradius,
1742 libsdp, libsmb, libtacplus, libthr, libthread_db, libugidfw,
1743 libusbhid, libutil, libvgl, libwrap, libypclnt, libm, libcrypto,
1744 libssh, and libssl.</para>
1746 <para>The <function>wcsdup()</function> function has been
1747 implemented. This function is popular in Microsoft and GNU
1750 <para>The &man.wpa.passphrase.8; utility has been added. It
1751 generates a 256-bit pre-shared WPA key from an ASCII
1752 passphrase. &merged;</para>
1754 <para>The compiler toolchain is now capable of generating
1755 executables for systems using the ARM processor. &merged;</para>
1757 <sect3 id="rc-scripts">
1758 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
1760 <para>The <filename>auditd</filename> script for
1761 OpenBSM &man.auditd.8; has been added. &merged;</para>
1763 <para>The <filename>bluetooth</filename> script
1764 has been added. This script will be called from
1765 &man.devd.8; in response to device attachment/detachment
1766 events and to stop/start particular device without unplugging
1767 it by hand. The configuration parameters are in
1768 <filename>/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</filename>,
1769 and can be overridden by using
1770 <filename>/etc/bluetooth/<replaceable>$device</replaceable>.conf</filename>
1771 (where <replaceable>$device</replaceable> is <devicename>ubt0</devicename>,
1772 <devicename>btcc0</devicename>, and so on.)
1773 For more details, see &man.bluetooth.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
1775 <para>The <filename>ftpd</filename> script for
1776 stand-alone &man.ftpd.8; has been added.</para>
1778 <para>The <filename>gbde_swap</filename> script has
1779 been removed in favor a new <filename>encswap</filename>
1780 script which also supports &man.geli.8; for swap
1783 <para>The <filename>geli</filename> and <filename>geli2</filename>
1784 scripts has been added for &man.geli.8; device
1785 configuration on boot.</para>
1787 <para>The <filename>ike</filename> script for
1788 IPsec IKE daemon has been removed because no such daemon
1789 is included in the base system.</para>
1791 <para>The <filename>hcsecd</filename> and
1792 <filename>sdpd</filename> scripts have been added
1793 for &man.hcsecd.8; and &man.sdpd.8; daemons.
1794 These daemons can run even if no Bluetooth devices
1795 are attached to the system, but both daemons depend on
1796 Bluetooth socket layer and thus disabled by default.
1797 Bluetooth sockets layer must be either loaded
1798 as a module or compiled into kernel before the daemons can run.
1801 <para>The <filename>hostapd</filename> script for
1802 &man.hostapd.8; has been added. &merged;</para>
1804 <para>The <filename>mdconfig</filename> script to
1805 handle vnode backed &man.md.4; devices has been added.
1806 This is a replacement of the <filename>ramdisk</filename>
1807 script, and all of variables in <varname>ramdisk_*</varname>
1808 have been changed to <varname>mdconfig_*</varname>.
1809 Also, two new &man.rc.conf.5; variables
1810 <varname>mdconfig_<replaceable>*</replaceable>_files</varname>
1812 <varname>mdconfig_<replaceable>*</replaceable>_cmd</varname>
1813 have been added. For example:</para>
1815 <programlisting>mdconfig_md0="-t malloc -s 10m"
1816 mdconfig_md1="-t vnode -f /var/foo.img"</programlisting>
1818 <para>The <filename>netif</filename> script now supports
1819 <varname>ipv4_addrs_<replaceable>ifn</replaceable></varname>
1821 which add one or more IPv4 address from a ranged list in
1822 CIDR notation. &merged; For example:</para>
1824 <programlisting>ipv4_addrs_ed0="192.168.0.1/24 192.168.1.1-5/28"</programlisting>
1826 <para>The <filename>rcconf.sh</filename> script in <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>
1827 has been removed and a variable <varname>early_late_divider</varname>,
1828 which designates the script to separate the early and late stages
1829 of the boot process, has been added.</para>
1831 <para>The <filename>rc.initdiskless</filename> script now uses &man.tar.1;
1832 instead of &man.pax.1; because &man.pax.1; needs a writable
1833 temporary directory that may not be available when this script
1836 <para>The <filename>pccard</filename> script has been removed
1837 since OLDCARD is deprecated.</para>
1839 <para>The <filename>ppp-user</filename> script has been renamed to
1840 <filename>ppp</filename>. &merged;</para>
1842 <para>The <varname>removable_interfaces</varname> variable
1843 has been removed.</para>
1845 <para>A new keyword <literal>NOAUTO</literal> in
1846 <varname>ifconfig_<replaceable>ifn</replaceable></varname>
1847 has been added. This prevents configuration of an interface
1848 at boot time or via <filename>/etc/pccard_ether</filename>,
1849 and allows <filename>/etc/rc.d/netif</filename>
1850 to be used to start and stop an interface
1851 on a purely manual basis.</para>
1855 <sect2 id="contrib">
1856 <title>Contributed Software</title>
1858 <para><application>Intel ACPI-CA</application>
1859 has been updated to 20070320.</para>
1861 <para><application>BIND</application> has been updated from 9.3.1
1862 to 9.3.4. &merged;</para>
1864 <para><application>BSNMPD</application> has been updated from
1865 1.11 to 1.12.</para>
1867 <para><application>DRM</application> has
1868 been updated to a snapshot from DRI CVS as of 20060517.
1871 <para><application>FILE</application> has been updated from 4.12
1874 <para>The GNU version of <application>gzip</application> has been
1875 replaced with a modified version of gzip ported from NetBSD.
1878 <para><application>netcat</application> has been updated from the
1879 version in a 4 February 2005 OpenBSD snapshot to the version
1880 included in OpenBSD 3.9. &merged;</para>
1882 <para><application>GCC</application> has been updated from 3.4.4
1883 to 3.4.6. &merged;</para>
1885 <para><application>GNU Readline library</application> has been
1886 updated from 5.0 to 5.2 patch 1.</para>
1888 <para><application>GNU Troff</application>
1889 has been updated from version 1.19 to version 1.19.2.
1892 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated from
1893 4.1.8 to 4.1.13. &merged;</para>
1895 <para><application>less</application> has been updated from v381
1896 to v394. &merged;</para>
1898 <para><application>libpcap</application> has been updated from
1899 0.9.1 to 0.9.4. &merged;</para>
1901 <para><application>lukemftpd</application> has been updated from a
1902 snapshot from NetBSD as of 9 August 2004 to a snapshot from
1903 NetBSD as of 31 August 2006. &merged;</para>
1905 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated from
1906 4.2p1 to 4.5p1. &merged;</para>
1908 <para><application>OpenSSL</application> has been updated from
1909 0.9.7e to 0.9.8e.</para>
1911 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated from
1912 5.2-20010512 to 5.6-20061217. ncurses now also has wide
1913 character support.</para>
1915 <para><application>hostapd</application>
1916 has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8.
1919 <para><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
1920 8.13.4 to 8.13.8. &merged;</para>
1922 <para><application>tcpdump</application> has been updated from
1923 3.9.1 to 3.9.4. &merged;</para>
1925 <para>The timezone database has been updated from the
1926 <application>tzdata2005l</application> release to the
1927 <application>tzdata2006n</application> release. &merged;</para>
1929 <para><application>tip</application> has been updated to a
1930 snapshot from OpenBSD as of 20060831.</para>
1932 <para>TrustedBSD <application>OpenBSM</application>,
1933 version 1.0 alpha 12, an implementation of the documented Sun Basic
1934 Security Module (BSM) Audit API and file format, as well as local
1935 extensions to support the Mac OS X and &os; operating systems
1936 has been added. This also includes command line tools for audit
1937 trail reduction and conversion to text, as well as documentation
1938 of the commands, file format, and APIs.
1939 For this functionality, the <literal>AUDIT</literal> kernel option,
1940 <filename>/var/audit</filename> directory, and
1941 <literal>audit</literal> group have been added. &merged;</para>
1943 <para><application>WPA Supplicant</application>
1944 has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8.
1947 <para><application>zlib</application>
1948 has been updated from version 1.2.2 to version 1.2.3. &merged;</para>
1952 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
1954 <para>&man.pkg.add.1; now supports an <option>-F</option>
1955 flag to disable checking whether the same package is already
1956 installed or not. &merged;</para>
1958 <para>The &man.pkg.add.1; program now supports an <option>-P</option>
1959 flag, which is the same as the <option>-p</option> flag
1960 except that the given prefix is also used recursively for the
1961 dependency packages if any. &merged;</para>
1963 <para>The &man.pkg.add.1; and &man.pkg.create.1; utilities now support
1964 a <option>-K</option> flag to save packages to the current directory
1965 (or <varname>PKGDIR</varname> if defined) by default.
1968 <para>The &man.pkg.create.1; program now supports an <option>-x</option>
1969 flag to support basic regular expressions for package name,
1970 an <option>-E</option> flag for extended regular
1971 expressions, and a <option>-G</option> for exact matching. &merged;</para>
1973 <para>The &man.pkg.version.1; utility now supports an <option>-o</option>
1974 flag to show the origin recorded on package generation
1975 instead of the package name, and an <option>-O</option> flag
1976 to list packages with a specific registered origin.
1979 <para>The &man.portsnap.8; utility (<filename>sysutils/portsnap</filename>)
1980 has been added into the &os; base system. This is a secure,
1981 easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
1982 users to keep their ports trees up to date. &merged;</para>
1984 <para>A incorrect handling of <varname>HTTP_PROXY_AUTH</varname>
1985 in the &man.portsnap.8; utility has been fixed. &merged;</para>
1987 <para>The startup scripts from the <varname>local_startup</varname>
1988 directory now evaluated by using &man.rcorder.8; with scripts
1989 in the base system. &merged;</para>
1991 <para>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection
1992 has been removed. This means <filename>foo.sh</filename>
1993 is renamed to <filename>foo</filename>, and now
1994 scripts whose name is something like
1995 <filename>foo.ORG</filename> will also be invoked.
1996 You are recommended to reinstall packages which install
1997 such scripts and remove extra files in the
1998 <varname>local_startup</varname> directory. &merged;</para>
2000 <para>New <filename>rc.conf</filename> variables,
2001 <varname>ldconfig_local_dirs</varname> and
2002 <varname>ldconfig_local32_dirs</varname> have been added.
2003 These hold lists of local &man.ldconfig.8; directories.
2006 <para>The <command>@cwd</command> command in
2007 <filename>pkg-plist</filename> now allows
2008 the case where no directory argument is given. If no
2009 directory argument is given, it will set current
2010 working directory to the first prefix given by the
2011 <command>@cwd</command> command. &merged;</para>
2015 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
2017 <para>The default partition sizing algorithm of the
2018 &man.sysinstall.8; utility has been changed.</para>
2022 <para>On systems where the disk capacity is larger than (3 * RAMsize + 10GB),
2023 the default sizes will now be as follows:</para>
2025 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
2027 <colspec colwidth="1*">
2028 <colspec colwidth="2*">
2031 <entry>Partition</entry>
2037 <row><entry>swap</entry><entry>RAMsize * 2</entry></row>
2038 <row><entry><filename>/</filename></entry><entry>512 MB</entry></row>
2039 <row><entry><filename>/tmp</filename></entry><entry>512 MB</entry></row>
2040 <row><entry><filename>/var</filename></entry><entry>1024 MB + RAMsize</entry></row>
2041 <row><entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry><entry>the rest (8GB or more)</entry></row>
2048 <para>On systems where the disk capacity is larger than
2049 (RAMsize / 8 + 2 GB), the default sizes will be
2050 in the following ranges, with space allocated
2051 proportionally:</para>
2053 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
2055 <colspec colwidth="1*">
2056 <colspec colwidth="2*">
2059 <entry>Partition</entry>
2065 <row><entry>swap</entry><entry>from RAMsize / 8 to RAMsize * 2</entry></row>
2066 <row><entry><filename>/</filename></entry><entry>from 256MB to 512MB</entry></row>
2067 <row><entry><filename>/tmp</filename></entry><entry>from 128MB to 512MB</entry></row>
2068 <row><entry><filename>/var</filename></entry><entry>from 128MB to 1024MB</entry></row>
2069 <row><entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry><entry>from 1536MB to 8192MB</entry></row>
2076 <para>On systems with even less disk space, the existing behavior is not
2081 <para>The &man.sysinstall.8; utility now displays the running &os;
2082 version in menu titles. &merged;</para>
2084 <para>A new <literal>showconfig</literal>
2085 target has been added in <filename>src/Makefile</filename>
2086 to show the build configuration of the &os; source tree.</para>
2088 <para>A <filename>/media</filename> directory has been
2089 added to contain mount points for removable media
2090 such as CDROMs, floppy disks, USB drives, and so on. &merged;</para>
2092 <para>The <filename>src.conf</filename> file, which
2093 contains settings that will apply to every build involving
2094 the &os; source tree, has been added.
2095 For details, see &man.build.7; and &man.src.conf.5;.</para>
2097 <para>The supported version of
2098 the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment
2099 (<filename role="package">x11/gnome2</filename>) has been
2100 updated from 2.10.2 to 2.18.0. As a part of this update, the
2101 default prefix for <application>GNOME</application> (and some
2102 related programs) has moved from
2103 <filename>/usr/X11R6</filename>
2104 to <filename>/usr/local</filename>. &merged;</para>
2106 <para>The supported version of
2107 the <application>KDE</application> desktop environment
2108 (<filename role="package">x11/kde3</filename>) has been
2109 updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.6. &merged;</para>
2111 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The supported Linux emulation now uses the
2113 <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base-fc4</filename>
2114 package. &merged;</para>
2116 <para>The supported version of
2117 the <application>Perl</application> interpreter
2118 (<filename role="package">lang/perl5.8</filename>) has been updated
2119 from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8. &merged;</para>
2121 <para>The supported version of
2122 the <application>&xorg;</application> windowing system
2123 (<filename role="package">x11/xorg</filename>) has been updated
2124 from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0. &merged;</para>
2126 <para>[&arch.pc98;] &os;/pc98 release CDROMs are now
2127 bootable on systems with some supported SCSI adapters.
2132 <title>Documentation</title>
2134 <para>Documentation of existing functionality has been improved by
2135 the addition of the following manual pages:
2136 &man.acpi.sony.4;, &man.device.get.sysctl.9;,
2140 &man.snd.mss.4;, &man.snd.t4dwave.4;,
2141 &man.sysctl.9;.</para>
2143 <para>The manual pages for <application>NTP</application>
2144 have been updated to 4.2.0, to match the version of
2145 code actually included in &os;. &merged;</para>
2147 <para>Initial support for kernel subsystem API documentation generating
2148 framework using <filename role="package">devel/doxygen</filename>
2149 has been added into <filename>src/sys/doc/subsys</filename>.
2150 To generate the API document, type <command>make doxygen</command>
2151 in <filename>src/</filename> directory.</para>
2155 <sect1 id="upgrade">
2156 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
2161 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
2162 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration