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29 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
31 <corpauthor>The &os; Project</corpauthor>
33 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
44 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
47 <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
57 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
58 of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
59 &release.branch; development line.
60 This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
61 the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os;
63 Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
68 <title>Introduction</title>
70 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
72 describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;.
73 It also provides some notes on upgrading
74 from previous versions of &os;.</para>
76 <![ %release.type.current [
78 <para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
79 apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development
80 branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary
81 &release.type; distributions along this branch
82 can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
86 <![ %release.type.snapshot [
88 <para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
89 apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
90 branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;.
92 pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch
93 can be found at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
97 <![ %release.type.release [
99 <para>This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a
100 &release.type; distribution. It can be found at <ulink
101 url="&release.url;"></ulink> or any of its mirrors. More
102 information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type;
103 distributions of &os; can be found in the <ulink
104 url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
105 &os;</quote> appendix</ulink> to the <ulink
106 url="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
107 Handbook</ulink>.</para>
111 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
112 installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
113 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
114 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
115 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
116 documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
117 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
122 <title>What's New</title>
124 <para>This section describes
125 the most user-visible new or changed features in &os;
126 since &release.prev;.
127 In general, changes described here are unique to the &release.branch;
128 branch unless specifically marked as &merged; features.
131 <para>Typical release note items
132 document recent security advisories issued after
134 new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
135 major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also
136 list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
137 practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single
138 change made to &os; between releases; this document focuses
139 primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major
140 architectural improvements.</para>
142 <sect2 id="security">
143 <title>Security Advisories</title>
145 <para>A temporary file vulnerability in &man.texindex.1;, which
146 could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context
147 of a user running the &man.texindex.1; utility, has been fixed.
148 For more details see security advisory <ulink
149 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</ulink>. &merged;</para>
151 <para>A temporary file vulnerability in the &man.ee.1; text
152 editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in
153 the context of a user running &man.ee.1;, has been fixed. For
154 more details see security advisory <ulink
155 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</ulink>. &merged;</para>
157 <para>Several vulnerabilities in the &man.cpio.1; utility have
158 been corrected. For more
159 details see security advisory <ulink
160 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</ulink>. &merged;</para>
162 <para>An error in &man.ipfw.4; IP fragment handling, which could
163 cause a crash, has been fixed. For more
164 details see security advisory <ulink
165 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw</ulink>. &merged;</para>
167 <para>A potential buffer overflow in the IEEE 802.11 scanning code
168 has been corrected. For more
169 details see security advisory <ulink
170 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211</ulink>. &merged;</para>
172 <para>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be
173 disclosed to users have been fixed. For more details see
174 security advisory <ulink
175 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</ulink>. &merged;</para>
177 <para>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in &man.pf.4;, which
178 could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed.
179 For more details see security advisory <ulink
180 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</ulink>. &merged;</para>
182 <para>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when
183 the server received a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed.
184 For more details see security advisory <ulink
185 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</ulink>. &merged;</para>
187 <para>A programming error in the &man.fast.ipsec.4; implementation
188 results in the sequence number associated with a Security
189 Association not being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally
190 pass sequence number verification checks, has been fixed.
191 For more details see security advisory <ulink
192 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</ulink>. &merged;</para>
194 <para>A logic bug that could cause &man.opiepasswd.1; to allow an unprivileged
195 user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under certain
196 circumstances, has been fixed.
197 For more details see security advisory <ulink
198 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</ulink>. &merged;</para>
200 <para>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in &man.sendmail.8;,
201 which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the
202 privileges of the user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed.
203 For more details see security advisory <ulink
204 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
206 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] An information disclosure issue found in the
207 &os; kernel running on 7th- and 8th-generation AMD processors
208 has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <ulink
209 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu</ulink>. &merged;</para>
211 <para>A bug in &man.ypserv.8;, which effectively disabled the
212 <filename>/var/yp/securenets</filename> access control mechanism,
213 has been corrected. More details are available in security
215 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv</ulink>. &merged;</para>
217 <para>A bug in the smbfs file system, which could allow an
218 attacker to escape out of &man.chroot.2 environments on an smbfs
219 mounted file system, has been fixed. For more details, see
221 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs</ulink>. &merged;</para>
223 <para>A potential denial of service problem in &man.sendmail.8;
224 caused by excessive recursion which leads to stack
225 exhaustion when attempting delivery of a malformed
226 MIME message, has been fixed. For more details,
227 see security advisory <ulink
228 url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
230 <para>A potential buffer overflow condition in &man.sppp.4; has
231 been corrected. For more details, see security advisory
232 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp</ulink>. &merged;</para>
234 <para>An OpenSSL bug related to validation of PKCS#1 v1.5
235 signatures has been fixed. For more details, see security
237 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl</ulink>. &merged;</para>
239 <para>A potential denial of service attack against &man.named.8;
240 has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory
241 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind</ulink>. &merged;</para>
243 <para>Several programming errors have been fixed in &man.gzip.1;.
244 They could have the effect of causing a crash or an infinite
245 loop when decompressing files. More information can be found in
247 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip</ulink>. &merged;</para>
249 <para>Several vulnerabilities have been fixed in OpenSSH. More
250 details can be found in security advisory
251 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh</ulink>. &merged;</para>
253 <para>Multiple errors in the OpenSSL &man.crypto.3; library have
254 been fixed. Potential effects are varied, and are documented in
255 more detail in security advisory
256 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl</ulink>. &merged;</para>
258 <para>A bug that could permit corrupt archives to cause an
259 infinite loop in &man.libarchive.3; and &man.tar.1; has been
260 fixed. More details are available in
261 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive</ulink>. &merged;</para>
263 <para>A bug that could allow users in
264 the <groupname>operator</groupname> group to read parts of kernel
265 memory has been corrected. For more details, consult security
267 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem.asc">FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem</ulink>. &merged;</para>
269 <para>A bug in the <filename>jail</filename> startup script that
270 could permit privilege escalation via a symlink attack has been
271 fixed. More information is available in
272 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail.asc">FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail</ulink>. &merged;</para>
274 <para>Two remote denials of service in BIND (one involving DNSSEC and
275 one involving recursive DNS queries) have been fixed. For more
276 information, see security advisory
277 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind.asc">FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind</ulink>. &merged;</para>
282 <title>Kernel Changes</title>
284 <para>&man.acpi.4; now has basic support for the HPET time counter.</para>
286 <para>The &man.acpi.ibm.4; driver now supports setting the fan control
287 mode to manual or automatic, and adjusting the fan speed if the
288 fan control mode is manual. To enable manual control of the fan speed,
289 the sysctl variable <varname>dev.acpi_ibm.<replaceable>0</replaceable>.fan</varname>
290 needs to be set to zero (manual). This should only be used with
291 extreme precaution, as disabling automatic fan control might
292 overheat the hardware and lead to permanent damage.</para>
294 <para>The &man.apm.4; suspend/resume support has been improved.</para>
296 <para>Security event auditing is now supported in the &os; kernel,
297 and is enabled by the <literal>AUDIT</literal> kernel
298 configuration option. More information can be found in the
299 &man.audit.4; manual page.</para>
301 <para>The <literal>options COMPAT_43</literal> kernel
302 configuration option has been deemed unnecessary and has been
303 removed from <filename>GENERIC</filename> and related kernel
304 configurations. This change may result in a small performance
305 increase for some workloads.</para>
307 <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the <literal>show lock</literal>
308 command. If the argument has a valid lock class,
309 this displays various information about the lock and calls a
310 new function pointer in lock_class (lc_ddb_show) to dump class-specific
311 information about the lock as well (such as the owner of a mutex or
312 xlock'ed sx lock). &merged;</para>
314 <para>The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the <literal>show sleepq</literal>
315 command. This takes a wait channel as an argument and looks
316 for a sleep queue associated with that wait channel.</para>
318 <para><filename>DEFAULTS</filename> kernel configuration files
319 for each platform have been added. These files contain
320 directives that are implicitly included in all kernel
321 configurations, and generally include basic, mandatory
322 functionality for each platform. &merged;</para>
324 <para>A bug in file descriptor handling such that a simple
325 <literal>close(0); dup(fd)</literal> sequence does not return
326 descriptor <literal>0</literal> in some cases, has been fixed.</para>
328 <para>The &man.firmware.9; subsystem has been added. This
329 subsystem provides a mechanism
330 to load binary data into the kernel via a specially crafted module.
333 <para>The &man.gdb.1; remote debugging interface now supports
334 copying console messages to a remote debugger instance.
335 To enable this, set <literal>debug.gdbcons="1"</literal>
336 in <filename>loader.conf</filename>, enter <literal>boot -d;
337 gdb; step</literal> from the loader prompt,
338 then attach &man.gdb.1; from a remote machine.
339 The sysctl variable <varname>debug.gdbcons</varname> can be
340 used to turn on/off this functionality.</para>
342 <para>&man.hwpmc.4; and &man.pmcstat.8; now support profiling
343 of dynamically loaded kernel modules and
344 shared objects loaded with &man.dlopen.3;.
345 &man.pmcstat.8; can now log over a network socket
346 to a remote host.</para>
348 <para>Support for Kernel Scheduled Entities (KSE) is now a kernel
349 option (previously it was a mandatory feature in the kernel).
350 It is enabled in the GENERIC kernel (thus there is no change in
351 functionality) for all platforms except sun4v.</para>
353 <para>The &man.random.4; entropy device driver is now MPSAFE.
356 <para>&os; now supports concurrent &man.read.2;/&man.readv.2;
357 access to a file.</para>
359 <para>The ULE process scheduler has been revised to improve its
360 behavior, in particular interactivity under load. This
361 implementation can commonly be referred to as <quote>ULE
364 <para>The experimental CORE process scheduler has been added,
365 enabled with the <literal>options SCHED_CORE</literal> kernel
366 configuration option. It is forked from the &man.sched.ule.4;
368 with a different algorithm for detecting an interactive process.
369 More information can be found in the &man.sched.core.4; manual
372 <para>The <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> signal queuing has been
373 added. For each child process whose status has been changed,
374 a <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> instance is queued. If the signal is still pending,
375 and the process changed status several times, the signal information
376 is updated to reflect the latest process status.
377 There is a loader tunable <varname>kern.sigqueue.queue_sigchild</varname>
378 which can control the behavior, setting it to zero disables the
379 <literal>SIGCHLD</literal> queuing feature.</para>
381 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Instead of including all of physical
382 memory in a kernel crash dump, the kernel now defaults to dumping only pages that are
383 actively mapped into kernel virtual memory. A new
384 <varname>debug.minidump</varname> sysctl variable
385 can be used to turn off this behavior when set to zero. &merged;</para>
387 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>kern.malloc_stats</varname>
388 has been added. This allows exporting of kernel malloc
389 statistics via a binary structure stream.</para>
391 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>kern.forcesigexit</varname>
392 has been added. This forces a process
393 to sigexit if a trap signal is being held by the current thread or
394 ignored by the current process. It is enabled by default.</para>
396 <para>The pcvt(4) driver, an alternative to &man.syscons.4;,
397 has been removed, as it had fallen out of sync with the rest
398 of the kernel.</para>
400 <para>RedZone, a buffer corruption protection for the kernel &man.malloc.9;
401 facility has been implemented. This detects both buffer underflows and
402 overflows at runtime on &man.free.9; and &man.realloc.9;,
403 and prints backtraces from where memory was allocated and from where
404 it was freed. For more details, see the &man.redzone.9; manual page.</para>
406 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>security.mac.biba.interfaces_equal</varname>
407 which makes all network interfaces be created with the label
408 <literal>biba/equal(equal-equal)</literal>, has been added.
409 This is useful where programs such as &man.dhclient.8; and &man.ppp.8;.
410 which initialize network interfaces do not have any labeling support.
411 This variable is set as <literal>0</literal> (disabled) by default.
414 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>vm.zone_stats</varname>
415 has been added. This allows to export &man.uma.9; allocator
416 statistics via a binary structure stream.</para>
418 <para>The sysctl variable <varname>hw.pci.do_powerstate</varname>
419 has been changed from a boolean to a range.
420 <literal>0</literal> means no power management,
421 <literal>1</literal> means conservative power management which
422 any device class that has caused problems is added to the watch list,
423 <literal>2</literal> means aggressive power management where
424 any device class that is not fundamental to the system is added to the list,
425 and <literal>3</literal> means power them all down unconditionally.
426 The default is <literal>1</literal>.</para>
428 <para>[&arch.ia64;] The <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel now enables
429 SMP support by default.</para>
431 <para>Sample kernel configuration files
432 <filename>src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf/MAC</filename>
433 for the Mandatory Access Control framework have been added.</para>
435 <para><varname>POSIX_TIMERS</varname> support has been updated to 200112L.</para>
437 <para>An experimental support for POSIX message queue has been
440 <para>&os; now runs on the Xbox, whose architecture is nearly identical
441 to the i386. For details of the latest development, see
442 <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/xbox.html"></ulink>.
445 <para>The locking strategy for UNIX domain sockets has been
446 revised to improve concurrency; this change has yielded
447 substantial performance improvements on various SMP workloads
448 (in particular, MySQL on 8-way &arch.amd64; systems) with little
449 or no measured overhead on UP systems.</para>
451 <para>Several minor but widespread changes to the Newbus API have
452 been made In order to support some on-going work with interrupt
453 filtering. Because this change also breaks the kernel ABI, all
454 third-party device drivers will need to be modified and
458 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
460 <para>A new option <option>-S</option>,
461 which allows setting the <filename>boot2</filename>
462 serial console speed in the <filename>/boot.config</filename>
463 file or on the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt line,
464 has been added.</para>
466 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] A new loader tunable
467 <varname>comconsole_speed</varname> to change
468 the serial console speed has been added.
469 If the previous stage boot loader requested a serial console,
470 then the default speed is determined from the current serial port
471 speed. Otherwise it is set to 9600 or the value of
472 the <literal>BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED</literal> kernel option.
475 <!-- Above this line, order boot loader changes by keyword-->
477 <para>[&arch.pc98;] A bootable CDROM loader has been implemented
478 for the pc98 platform. &merged;</para>
480 <para>[&arch.i386;] A bug in the i386 boot loader, which could
481 cause file system corruption if
482 a <filename>nextboot.conf</filename> file was used and landed
483 after cylinder 1023, has been fixed. &merged;</para>
488 <title>Hardware Support</title>
490 <para>The &man.amdsmb.4; driver has been added. It provides
491 support for the AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 controller. &merged;</para>
493 <para>The &man.cardbus.4;, &man.pccard.4;,
494 &man.pccbb.4;, and &man.exca.4; drivers are now buildable
495 as kernel modules.</para>
497 <para>An &man.acpi.dock.4; driver has been added to provide
498 support for controlling laptop docking station functions via
501 <para>The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports
502 passive cooling. &merged;</para>
504 <para>The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports overriding
505 the <literal>_PSV</literal>, <literal>_HOT</literal>, and
506 <literal>_CRT</literal> temperature values.</para>
508 <para>Support for the alpha architecture has been removed. Alpha
509 support will remain on the RELENG_5 and RELENG_6 codelines.</para>
511 <para>The &man.cardbus.4; driver now supports
512 <filename>/dev/cardbus<replaceable>%d</replaceable>.cis</filename>.</para>
514 <para>[&arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.ce.4; driver,
515 which supports Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 adapters, has been added.
518 <para>The <literal>est</literal> &man.cpufreq.4; driver now supports
519 frequency control for the VIA C7-M family of processors.</para>
521 <para>Support for the PadLock Security Co-processor in VIA C3,
523 processors has been added to the &man.crypto.9; subsystem.
524 More information can be found in the &man.padlock.4; manual
528 <para>A bug which prevented the &man.ichsmb.4; kernel module
529 from unloading has been fixed.</para>
531 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Dual-core processors (such as the Intel
532 Core Duo) now have both cores available for use by
533 default in SMP-enabled kernels. &merged;</para>
535 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] &man.ipmi.4;, an OpenIPMI compatible driver,
537 OpenIPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) is an open
538 standard designed to enable remote monitoring and control of server,
539 networking and telecommunication platforms. &merged;</para>
541 <para>The &man.kbdmux.4; driver has been integrated into &man.syscons.4; and
542 the <devicename>kbd</devicename> device driver.
543 By default &man.syscons.4; will look for the &man.kbdmux.4;
544 keyboard first, and then, if not found, look for any keyboard.
545 Switching to &man.kbdmux.4; can be done at boot time by loading
546 the <literal>kbdmux</literal> kernel module via &man.loader.8;,
547 or at runtime via &man.kldload.8; and releasing the active
548 keyboard. &merged;</para>
550 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.kbdmux.4; driver is now included in the
551 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default.
552 Also, the <quote>Boot FreeBSD with USB keyboard</quote>
553 menu item in the boot loader menu has been removed
554 since this fixes USB keyboard probing problems.
557 <para>The &man.nfsmb.4; driver, which supports the NVIDIA nForce
558 2/3/4 SMBus 2.0 controller, has been added. &merged;</para>
560 <para>[&arch.ia64;] The loader tunable <varname>debug.mpsafevfs</varname>
561 is set to <literal>1</literal> by default.</para>
563 <para>The &man.sab.4; driver has been removed (it has been
564 superceded by the &man.scc.4; driver).</para>
566 <para>The &man.scc.4; driver has been added.
567 This provides generic support for serial communications
568 controllers and delegates the control over each channel
569 and mode to a subordinate driver such as &man.uart.4;.</para>
571 <para>[&arch.amd64;] The smbios(4) driver support for amd64 has been
574 <para>[&arch.sun4v;] &os; now has preliminary support for the Sun Microsystems
575 UltraSPARC-T1 architecture. &os;/sun4v has been demonstrated
576 to run on the Sun Fire T1000 and Sun Fire T2000 servers.
577 More information can be found on the
578 <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/sun4v.html">sun4v
582 <para>The tnt4882(4) driver, which supports the National Instruments
583 PCI-GPIB card, has been added.</para>
585 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.ia64;, &arch.sparc64;] The &man.uart.4; driver has been included in the
586 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by default.
587 When both &man.sio.4; and &man.uart.4; can handle a given serial port,
588 &man.sio.4; will claim it.</para>
590 <para>The &man.uart.4; driver now supports LOM (Lights Out Management)
591 and RSC (Remote System Control) devices as consoles.</para>
593 <para>The zs driver has been removed. Its functionality
594 has been superceded by that of the &man.uart.4; driver.</para>
596 <para>[&arch.i386;] A new loader tunable
597 <varname>hw.apic.enable_extint</varname> has been added.
598 This tunable can be used to disable masking of the ExtINT pin on the first
599 I/O APIC. At least one chipset for the Intel Pentium III seems
600 to need this, even though all of the pins in the 8259As are masked.
601 The default is still to mask the ExtINT pin.</para>
603 <para>[&arch.i386;] Support has been improved for
604 so-called <quote>legacy-free</quote> hardware, in particular,
605 i386 systems without AT-style keyboard controllers such as the
606 Macbook Pro. &merged;</para>
609 <title>Multimedia Support</title>
611 <para>The &man.agp.4; driver now supports ATI AGP chipsets.
614 <para>The new midi(4) driver which is based on NetBSD's one
615 has been added. This supports &man.snd.cmi.4; and
616 &man.snd.emu10k1.4; drivers.</para>
618 <para>The &man.sound.4; driver now supports
619 wider range sampling rate, multiple precisions choice,
620 and 24/32 bit PCM format conversion. &merged;</para>
622 <para>The &man.snd.als4000.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
624 <para>The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver has been added.
625 This supports ATI IXP 200/300/400 series audio controllers. &merged;</para>
627 <para>The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver now supports
628 suspend and resume features.</para>
630 <para>The &man.snd.cmi.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
632 <para>The &man.snd.emu10kx.4; driver has been added. It
633 supports Creative SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy series sound
634 cards with optional pseudo-multichannel playback.</para>
636 <para>The &man.snd.envy24.4; driver has been added to support
637 the Envy24 series of audio chips.</para>
639 <para>The &man.snd.es137x.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
641 <para>The &man.snd.ich.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
643 <para>The &man.snd.hda.4; driver has been added. It supports
644 devices that conform to revision 1.0 of the Intel High Definition
645 Audio specification.</para>
647 <para>The &man.snd.solo.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
649 <para>The &man.snd.via8233.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
651 <para>The &man.snd.via82c686.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
653 <para>[&arch.amd64;] The &man.speaker.4; driver now supports &os;/amd64. &merged;</para>
655 <para>The &man.uaudio.4; driver now supports 24/32 bit audio
656 formats and conversion.</para>
660 <title>Network Interface Support</title>
662 <para>The &man.ath.4; driver has been updated to
663 HAL version 0.9.20.3. &merged;</para>
665 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;, &arch.sparc64;]
666 The &man.ath.4;, &man.ath.hal.4;, and
667 <literal>ath_rate_sample</literal> drivers have been
668 included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel by
669 default. &merged;</para>
671 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.bce.4; driver, which supports Broadcom
672 NetXtreme II (BCM5706/BCM5708) PCI/PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controllers,
673 has been added. For more details, see &man.bce.4;. &merged;</para>
675 <para>A bug which prevents the &man.bfe.4; driver from working
676 on a system with over 1GB RAM has been fixed. &merged;</para>
678 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver's Jumbo frame support is now MPSAFE.</para>
680 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver now supports big-endian
681 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
683 <para>The &man.bge.4; driver now supports &man.polling.4; mode.
686 <para>The &man.cm.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
688 <para>The &man.cxgb.4; driver has been added. It provides support for
689 10 Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Chelsio T3 and T3B chipsets.
692 <para>The &man.dc.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
694 <para>The &man.de.4; driver has been converted to the &man.bus.dma.9;
695 API and is now MPSAFE.</para>
697 <para>The &man.ed.4; driver is now MPSAFE.</para>
699 <para>The &man.el.4; driver has been removed due to lack of use.</para>
701 <para>The &man.em.4; driver now supports big-endian
702 architectures such as sparc64. &merged;</para>
704 <para>The &man.em.4; driver has been updated to
705 version 6.2.9 from Intel. Among other changes, it now supports
706 80003, 82571, 82571EB and 82572 based adapters, as well as
707 onboard-NICs on ICH8-based motherboards. &merged;</para>
709 <para>The &man.em.4; driver now includes
710 initial support for suspend and resume features.</para>
712 <para>The performance of the &man.em.4; driver has been improved
713 by using a fast interrupt handler and taskqueue
714 instead of ithread handler. This change can be disabled
715 by defining <literal>NO_EM_FASTINTR</literal> kernel option
716 for debugging purpose.</para>
718 <para>The &man.iwi.4; driver now supports big-endian
719 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
721 <para>A number of improvements and bugfixes have been made to the
722 functionality of the &man.iwi.4; driver. This driver now
723 requires the firmware image in the
724 <filename role="package">net/iwi-firmware-kmod</filename>
725 port/package; prior versions of this driver used the
726 <filename role="package">net/iwi-firmware</filename>
727 port/package. &merged;</para>
729 <para>The &man.le.4; driver, which supports AMD Am7900 LANCE
730 and Am79C9xx PCnet NICs,
731 has been added. While the &man.lnc.4; driver also supports these
732 NICs, this driver has several advantages over it such as
733 MPSAFE, ALTQ, VLAN_MTU, ifmedia, and 32-bit DMA for PCI
734 variants. This driver is based on NetBSD's implementation.
737 <para>The &man.lge.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
739 <para>The lnc(4) driver has been removed. The &man.le.4; and
740 &man.pcn.4; drivers support all devices that were supported
743 <para>The &man.msk.4; driver has been added. It supports
744 network interfaces using the Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II
745 Gigabit Ethernet controller.</para>
747 <para>The &man.my.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
749 <para>The &man.my.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged;</para>
751 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.mxge.4; driver,
752 which supports Myricom Myri10GE 10 Gigabit Ethernet
753 adapters, has been added. For more details, see
756 <para>The &man.nfe.4; driver, an open-source driver for nForce
757 Ethernet devices, has been added, originally from
760 <para>[&arch.arm;] The &man.npe.4; driver, which supports the
761 Intel XScale Network Processing Engine, has been
762 added. &merged;</para>
764 <para>The &man.nve.4; driver has been updated to version 1.0-0310
765 (23-Nov-2005). It also now has &man.altq.4; support. &merged;</para>
767 <para>The &man.pcn.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
769 <para>The &man.re.4; driver now supports the D-Link DGE-528(T)
770 Gigabit Ethernet card.</para>
772 <para>The &man.sf.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
774 <para>The &man.sk.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
776 <para>The &man.ste.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged;</para>
778 <para>The &man.stge.4; driver has been added. It supports the
779 Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet controller and was
780 ported from NetBSD. &merged;</para>
782 <para>The &man.ti.4; driver now supports big-endian
783 architectures such as sparc64.</para>
785 <para>The &man.ufoma.4; driver for
786 FOMA (third generation mobile phone system by NTT DoCoMo, Inc.
787 in Japan) has been added.
788 This should support other third generation mobile phones
789 since the driver is based on USB Implementation Guideline
790 from MCPC (Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium) in Japan.</para>
792 <para>The vgapci(4) driver has been added. This is a stub
793 device driver for VGA PCI devices and serves as a bus
794 so that other drivers such as drm(4),
795 &man.acpi.video.4;, and &man.agp.4; can attach to
796 it thus allowing multiple drivers for the same device.</para>
798 <para>The &man.vge.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged;</para>
800 <para>The &man.wi.4; driver is now buildable as
801 a kernel module.</para>
803 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.wlan.wep.4;,
804 &man.wlan.ccmp.4;, and &man.wlan.tkip.4; drivers
805 have been included in the <filename>GENERIC</filename>
806 kernel by default.</para>
808 <para>The network interface groups feature has been imported
809 from OpenBSD. This feature allows an administrator to, for
810 example, apply firewall rules to an entire group of
811 interfaces. More information can be found in
812 &man.ifconfig.8;.</para>
814 <para>The 802.11 protocol stack now has support for 900 MHz
815 cards, as well as quarter- and half-channel support
816 for 802.11a. &merged;</para>
821 <sect3 id="net-proto">
822 <title>Network Protocols</title>
824 <para>The &man.arp.4; retransmission algorithm has been
825 rewritten so that ARP requests are retransmitted without
826 suppression, while there is demand for such ARP entry.
827 Due to this change, a sysctl variable
828 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.host_down_time</varname>
829 has been removed. &merged;</para>
831 <para>The &man.arp.4; protocol now supports a sysctl variable
832 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_permanent_modify</varname>
833 to suppress logging of attempts to modify
834 permanent ARP entries. &merged;</para>
836 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] An experimental BPF Just-In-Time compiler
837 has been implemented for both &man.bpf.4; and &man.ng.bpf.4;.
839 <literal>options BPF_JITTER</literal> kernel option is needed.
840 The <varname>net.bpf_jitter.enable</varname>
841 can be used to disable this feature.</para>
843 <para>Multiple copies of a packet received via different
844 &man.bpf.4; listeners now all have identical
845 timestamps. &merged;</para>
847 <para>The &man.bpf.4; device now supports several new
848 &man.ioctl.2; calls to allow examining inbound vs. outbound
849 packets, as well as packets that have been injected onto the
852 <para>The bridge(4) driver has been removed from the tree. Its
853 functionality has been completely replaced by
854 &man.if.bridge.4;.</para>
856 <para>The &man.enc.4; IPsec filtering pseudo-device has been
857 added. It allows firewall packages using the &man.pfil.9;
858 framework to examine (and filter) IPsec traffic before
859 outbound encryption and after inbound decryption. &merged;</para>
861 <para>The &man.gre.4; driver, which is for GRE encapsulation
862 found in RFC 1701 and RFC 1702, now supports IPv6 over GRE.</para>
864 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports
865 creating SPAN ports, which transmit a copy of every frame
866 received by the bridge. This feature can be enabled
867 by using &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged;</para>
869 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports
870 RFC 3378 EtherIP. This change makes it possible to
871 add &man.gif.4; interfaces to bridges, which will then
872 send and receive IP protocol 97 packets.
873 Packets are Ethernet frames with an EtherIP header prepended.
876 <para>The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports RSTP, the Rapid
877 Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w). &merged;</para>
879 <para>A hard-coded limit on the number of IPv4 multicast group
880 memberships (formerly 20) has been removed.</para>
882 <para>The path MTU discovery for multicast packets in the &os;
883 IPv6 stack has been disabled by default.
884 Path MTU notification from a large number of multicast routers
885 can be a kind of distributed Denial-of-Service attack to a router.
886 This feature can be re-enabled by using a new sysctl variable
887 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.mcast_pmtu</varname>. &merged;</para>
889 <para>IPv6 multicast forwarding is now dynamically loadable, via
890 the <filename>ip_mroute.ko</filename> module.</para>
892 <para>IPv6 link-local addresses are now enabled only
893 if <varname>ipv6_enable</varname> is set in &man.rc.conf.5;.
896 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; IP packet filter now supports IPv6. &merged;</para>
898 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; firewall system now supports
899 a <literal>tablearg</literal> feature, which allows
900 values obtained from a table lookup to be used as part of a
902 This feature can be used to optimize some rulesets
903 or to implement policy-based routing inside a firewall.
904 For example, the following rules will throw different
905 packets to different pipes:</para>
907 <programlisting>pipe 1000 config bw 1000Kbyte/s
908 pipe 4000 config bw 4000Kbyte/s
909 table 1 add x.x.x.x 1000
910 table 1 add x.x.x.y 4000
911 pipe tablearg ip from table(1) to any</programlisting>
913 <para>The &man.ipfw.4; packet filter now supports
914 <literal>tag</literal> and <literal>untag</literal> rule keywords.
915 When a packet matches a rule with the <literal>tag</literal>
916 keyword, the numeric tag for the given number in the range
917 from 0 to 65535 will be attached to the packet.
918 The tag acts as an internal marker (it is not sent out over
919 the wire) that can be used to identify these packets later on,
920 for example, by using <literal>tagged</literal>
921 rule option. For more details, see &man.ipfw.8;. &merged;</para>
923 <para>The <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED</literal> kernel
924 option has been removed. This option was used to permit
925 &man.ipfw.4; to redirect packets with local destinations.
926 This behavior is now always enabled when
927 the <literal>IPFIREWALL_FORWARD</literal> kernel option is
928 enabled. &merged;</para>
930 <para>The ip6fw(8) packet filter has been removed. Since &man.ipfw.4; has gained
931 IPv6 support, it should be used instead. Please note that some rules might need
932 to be adjusted.</para>
934 <para>The &man.natm.4;, Native Mode ATM protocol layer is now MPSAFE.</para>
936 <para>A new &man.ng.deflate.4; NetGraph node type has been
937 added. It implements Deflate PPP compression. &merged;</para>
939 <para>The &man.ng.ether.4; Netgraph node no longer overwrites
940 the MAC address of outgoing frames by default. &merged;</para>
942 <para>The &man.ng.iface.4; Netgraph node now supports &man.altq.4;.
945 <para>A new &man.ng.pred1.4; NetGraph node type has been added
946 to implement Predictor-1 PPP compression. &merged;</para>
948 <para>The &man.ng.tag.4; Netgraph node has been added to
949 support the manipulation of mbuf tags attached to data in the
950 kernel. &merged;</para>
952 <para>A bug has been fixed in which NFS over TCP would not reconnect
953 when the server sent a FIN. This problem had occurred
954 with Solaris NFS servers. &merged;</para>
956 <para>The default retransmit timer for NFS over TCP is now 60 seconds.
957 This change prevents the unnecessary retransmission of
958 non-idempotent NFS requests. The <varname>nfs_access_cache</varname>
959 variable in &man.rc.conf.5; has also been changed to 60.</para>
961 <para>The default minimum number of nfsiod kernel threads
962 (&man.sysctl.8; variable <varname>vfs.nfs.iodmin</varname>)
963 has been changed from 4 to 0.</para>
965 <para>The sysctl variables <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh</varname>
966 and <varname>net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow</varname>
967 can be used with IPv6 now. &merged;</para>
969 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>net.inet.icmp.reply_from_interface</varname>
970 has been added. This allows the &man.icmp.4;
971 reply to non-local packets to be generated with
972 the IP address the packet came through in.
973 This is useful for routers to show in &man.traceroute.8;
974 the actual path a packet has taken instead of
975 the possibly different return path.</para>
977 <para>A new sysctl variable <varname>net.inet.icmp.quotelen</varname>
978 has been added. This allows to change length of
979 the quotation of the original packet in an ICMP reply.
980 The minimum of 8 bytes is internally enforced.
981 The maximum quotation is the remaining space in the
982 reply mbuf. This option is added in response to the
984 <filename>draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt</filename>.</para>
986 <para>The &man.icmp.4; now always quotes the entire TCP header
987 when responding and allocate an mbuf cluster if needed.
988 This change fixes the TCP issues raised in I-D
989 <filename>draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt</filename>.</para>
991 <para>A new socket option <literal>IP_MINTTL</literal> has been added.
992 This may be used to set the minimum acceptable
993 TTL a packet must have when received on a socket.
994 All packets with a lower TTL are silently dropped.
995 This works on already connected/connecting and
996 listening sockets for RAW, UDP, and TCP. This option
997 is only really useful when set to <literal>255</literal>, preventing packets
998 from outside the directly connected networks reaching
999 local listeners on sockets. Also, this option allows
1000 userland implementation of <quote>The Generalized TTL
1001 Security Mechanism (GTSM)</quote> found in RFC 3682.</para>
1003 <para>The kernel &man.ppp.4; driver now supports IPv6.</para>
1005 <para>Stealth forwarding now supports IPv6 as well as IPv4.
1006 This behavior can be controlled by using a new sysctl variable
1007 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.stealth</varname>.</para>
1009 <para>Support has been added for the Stream Control Transmission
1010 Protocol (SCTP). SCTP implements a reliable, message-oriented
1011 transport protocol, and is defined in RFC 3268. It is enabled
1012 in &os; with the <literal>SCTP</literal> kernel option.</para>
1014 <para>The <literal>IPV6_V6ONLY</literal> socket option
1015 now works for UDP.</para>
1017 <para>The TCP bandwidth-delay product limiting feature has
1018 been disabled when the RTT is below a certain threshold.
1019 This optimization does not make sense on a LAN, as it has
1020 trouble figuring out the maximal bandwidth due to the coarse
1021 tick granularity. A new sysctl variable
1022 <varname>net.inet.tcp.inflight.rttthresh</varname> specifies
1023 the threshold in milliseconds below which this feature
1024 will disengage. It defaults to 10ms. &merged;</para>
1026 <para>The &os; network stack now has support for TCP
1027 Segmentation Offload (TSO). TSO reduces the overhead of
1028 sending bulk TCP data by allowing a network interface to
1029 convert a large data transfer into multiple TCP segments to be
1030 sent on the network. This functionality can be enabled or
1031 disabled on a per-interface basis with
1032 the <literal>tso</literal> and <literal>-tso</literal> flags
1033 to &man.ifconfig.8;. Network interfaces and drivers
1034 supporting TSO currently include &man.em.4;,
1035 &man.mxge.4; and &man.cxgb.4;.</para>
1037 <para>&os; now supports auto-sizing of TCP socket buffers. This
1038 allows the socket buffer sizes to adapt dynamically to network
1039 conditions, rather than being set statically. The behavior of
1040 this feature can be controlled using
1041 the <varname>net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_*</varname>
1042 and <varname>net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_*</varname> sysctl
1045 <para>Support for &man.kqueue.2; operations has been added to
1046 the &man.tun.4; driver. &merged;</para>
1051 <title>Disks and Storage</title>
1053 <para>The &man.aac.4; driver now supports the Adaptec 2610SA SATA-RAID
1054 controller in some Hewlett-Packard machines.</para>
1056 <para>The performance of the &man.amr.4; driver has been improved;
1057 it also now supports full 64-bit DMA. While this feature is
1058 enabled by default, this can be forced off by setting the
1059 <varname>hw.amr.force_sg32</varname> loader tunable for
1063 <para>The &man.amr.4; driver now supports the &man.ioctl.2; requests
1064 necessary for the Linux LSI MegaRaid tools in &os;'s Linux emulation
1068 <para>The &man.arcmsr.4; driver has been updated to version
1069 1.20.00.13. &merged;</para>
1071 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a workaround
1072 for some controllers whose DMA does not work properly
1073 in 48bit mode. For affected controllers,
1074 PIO mode will be used for access to areas beyond 137GB.
1077 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports the ITE IT8211F IDE controller,
1078 and the Promise PDC40718 and PDC40719 chip found in Promise
1082 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports DMA for kernel crash dumps,
1083 as well as crash dumping to an &man.ataraid.4; device.
1086 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports USB mass storage class
1087 devices. To enable it, a line <literal>device atausb</literal>
1088 in the kernel configuration file or loading the
1089 <filename>atausb</filename> kernel module is needed.
1090 Note that this functionality cannot coexist with the
1091 &man.umass.4; driver. &merged;</para>
1093 <para>The &man.ataraid.4; driver now supports
1094 JMicron ATA RAID metadata. &merged;</para>
1096 <para>The <literal>GEOM_LABEL</literal> class now supports
1097 Ext2FS, NTFS, and ReiserFS. &merged;</para>
1099 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> class now supports
1100 kernel crash dumps to the GEOM providers.
1103 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> and <literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal>
1104 classes now support sysctl variables
1105 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.disconnect_on_failure</varname>
1107 <varname>kern.geom.graid3.disconnect_on_failure</varname>
1108 to control whether failed components will be disconnected or not.
1109 The default value is <literal>1</literal> to preserve the current
1110 behavior, and if it is set to <literal>0</literal> such components
1111 are not disconnected and the kernel will try to still use them
1112 (only the first error will be logged).
1113 This is helpful for the case of multiple broken components (in
1114 different places), so actually all data is available.
1115 The broken components will be visible in <command>gmirror list</command>
1116 or <command>graid3 list</command> output with flag
1117 <literal>BROKEN</literal>.
1120 <para>The <literal>GEOM_MIRROR</literal> and <literal>GEOM_RAID3</literal>
1121 classes now use parallel I/O requests for synchronization
1122 to improve the performance. New sysctl variables
1123 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.sync_requests</varname> and
1124 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.sync_requests</varname>
1125 define how many parallel I/O requests should be used.
1126 Also, the sysctl variables
1127 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.reqs_per_sync</varname>,
1128 <varname>kern.geom.mirror.syncs_per_sec</varname>,
1129 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.reqs_per_sync</varname>, and
1130 <varname>kern.geom.raid3.syncs_per_sec</varname>
1131 are deprecated and have been removed.
1134 <para>A new GEOM_MULTIPATH class has been added to support
1135 multiple access paths to disk devices. The &man.gmultipath.8;
1136 utility has been added to control the behavior of disk devices
1137 using this feature.</para>
1139 <para>A new GEOM class <literal>GEOM_ZERO</literal> has been added.
1140 It creates a very huge provider (41PB) <filename>/dev/gzero</filename>
1141 and is mainly useful for performance testing.
1142 On <literal>BIO_READ</literal> request it zero-fills
1143 <varname>bio_data</varname> and on <literal>BIO_WRITE</literal>
1147 <para>The GEOM class kernel module <filename>g_md.ko</filename>
1148 has been renamed to <filename>geom_md.ko</filename>
1149 for consistency.</para>
1151 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.hptmv.4; driver has been updated and now supports
1152 amd64 as well as PAE.</para>
1154 <para>The &man.mfi.4; driver, which supports
1155 the LSI MegaRAID SAS controller family, has been added.
1158 <para>The &man.mpt.4; driver has been updated to support
1159 various new features such as RAID volume and RAID member
1160 state/settings reporting, periodic volume re-synchronization
1161 status reporting, and sysctl variables for volume
1162 re-synchronization rate, volume member write cache status,
1163 and volume transaction queue depth.</para>
1165 <para>The &man.mpt.4; driver now supports SAS HBA (partially),
1166 64-bit PCI, and large data transfer.</para>
1168 <para>The &man.twa.4; driver has been updated to the 9.3.0.1
1169 release on the 3ware Web site. &merged;</para>
1171 <para>A new GEOM-based disk encryption facility, GEOM_ELI, has been
1172 added. It uses the &man.crypto.9; framework for hardware acceleration
1173 and supports different cryptographic algorithms. See &man.geli.8; for
1174 more information. &merged;</para>
1176 <para>The &man.geli.8; disk encryption system now supports loading keyfiles before the root
1177 file system is mounted. &merged;
1178 For example, the following entries
1179 can be used in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> to enable
1182 <programlisting>geli_da0_keyfile0_load="YES"
1183 geli_da0_keyfile0_type="da0:geli_keyfile0"
1184 geli_da0_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da0.key0"
1185 geli_da0_keyfile1_load="YES"
1186 geli_da0_keyfile1_type="da0:geli_keyfile1"
1187 geli_da0_keyfile1_name="/boot/keys/da0.key1"
1188 geli_da0_keyfile2_load="YES"
1189 geli_da0_keyfile2_type="da0:geli_keyfile2"
1190 geli_da0_keyfile2_name="/boot/keys/da0.key2"
1192 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_load="YES"
1193 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_type="da1s3a:geli_keyfile0"
1194 geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da1s3a.key"</programlisting>
1196 <para>&man.geli.8; is now able to perform data integrity
1197 verification (data authentication) of encrypted data stored on
1198 disk. Note that the encryption algorithm is now specified to
1199 the &man.geli.8; control program using the <option>-e</option>
1200 option; the <option>-a</option> option is now used to specify
1201 the authentication algorithm. &merged;</para>
1203 <para>The &man.umass.4; driver now supports
1204 <literal>PLAY_MSF</literal>,
1205 <literal>PLAY_TRACK</literal>,
1206 <literal>PLAY_TRACK_REL</literal>,
1207 <literal>PAUSE</literal>,
1208 <literal>PLAY_12</literal> commands so that
1209 the &man.cdcontrol.1; utility can handle a USB CD drive.</para>
1213 <title>File Systems</title>
1215 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.linsysfs.5;
1216 pseudo-file system driver has been added.
1217 It provides a subset of the
1218 Linux <filename>sys</filename> file system, and is required for
1219 the correct operation of some Linux binaries (such as the LSI
1220 MegaRAID SAS utility). &merged;</para>
1222 <para>A part of the FreeBSD NFS subsystem (the interface with
1223 the protocol stack and callouts, the NFS client side) is now MPSAFE.</para>
1225 <para>Initial (read-only) support for SGI's XFS file system has been
1228 <para>The unionfs file system has been re-implemented. This
1229 version solves many crashing and locking issues compared to
1230 the previous implementation. It also adds
1231 new <quote>transparent</quote> and <quote>masquerade</quote>
1232 modes for automatically creating files in the upper file system
1233 layer of unions. More information can be found in the
1234 &man.mount.unionfs.8; manual page. &merged;</para>
1239 <sect2 id="userland">
1240 <title>Userland Changes</title>
1242 <para>The addr2ascii() and ascii2addr() library calls, originally
1243 introduced by the INRIA IPv6 implementation, have been removed
1244 from <filename>libc</filename>. They have no consumers in the
1245 &os; base system. In a related change, support
1246 for <literal>AF_LINK</literal> addresses has been added to
1247 &man.getnameinfo.3;.</para>
1249 <para>Padding of <varname>ai_addrlen</varname>
1250 in <varname>struct addrinfo</varname> has been removed,
1251 which was originally for the ABI compatibility.
1252 For example, this change breaks the ABI compatibility of the
1253 &man.getaddrinfo.3; function on 64-bit architectures, including
1254 &os;/amd64, &os;/ia64, and &os;/sparc64.</para>
1256 <para>The &man.asf.8; utility has been revised and extended. Now
1257 it can operate via several interfaces including &man.kvm.3;,
1258 which supports not only live systems, but also kernel crash dumps.
1261 <para>The &man.arp.8; utility now allows the <option>-i</option>
1262 option together with the <option>-d</option> and <option>-a</option> options
1263 to allow all entries for a given interface to be removed.</para>
1265 <para>The OpenBSM userland tools, including &man.audit.8;,
1267 &man.auditreduce.1;, and
1268 &man.praudit.1;, have been added. &merged;</para>
1270 <para>The &man.bsdiff.1; and &man.bspatch.1; utilities
1271 have been added. These are tools for constructing and
1272 applying binary patches. &merged;</para>
1274 <para>The &man.bsnmpd.1; utility now supports the Host Resources
1275 MIB described in RFC 2790. &merged;</para>
1277 <para>&man.cached.8; has been added. It is a daemon that caches
1278 the results of nsswitch lookups (such as those to the password,
1279 group, and services databases) for improved performance.</para>
1281 <para>The &man.cmp.1; utility now supports an <option>-h</option>
1282 flag to compare the symbolic link itself rather than the
1283 file that the link points to. &merged;</para>
1285 <para>The &man.config.8; utility now supports the <literal>nocpu</literal>
1286 directive, which cancels the effect of a
1287 previous <literal>cpu</literal> directive. &merged;</para>
1289 <para>The &man.config.8; utility now reads <filename>DEFAULTS</filename>
1290 kernel configuration file if it exists in the current directory
1291 before the specified configuration file. &merged;</para>
1293 <para>The &man.cp.1; utility now supports a <option>-l</option>
1294 option, which causes it to create hardlinks to the source files
1295 instead of copying them. &merged;</para>
1297 <para>The &man.csh.1; utility now supports NLS catalogs.
1298 Note that this requires installing
1299 the <filename role="package">shells/tcsh_nls</filename> port.
1302 <para>The &man.csup.1; utility has been imported.
1303 This is an implementation of a CVSup-compatible client written
1304 in the C language. Note that it currently supports checkout mode
1305 only. &merged;</para>
1307 <para>The &man.dhclient.8; program now sends the host's name in
1308 DHCP requests if it is not specified in the configuration
1309 file. &merged;</para>
1311 <para>The &man.devd.8; utility now supports a <option>-f</option> option
1312 to specify a configuration file. &merged;</para>
1314 <para>The &man.du.1; program now supports a <option>-n</option>
1315 flag, which causes it to ignore files and directories with
1316 the <literal>nodump</literal> flag set. &merged;</para>
1318 <para>The &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8; programs now attempt to
1319 save and restore extended attribute information on files.</para>
1321 <para>The &man.fsdb.8; utility now supports changing the birth
1322 time of files on UFS2 file systems using the new
1323 <literal>btime</literal> command. &merged;</para>
1325 <para>The &man.fsdb.8; program now supports
1326 a <literal>findblk</literal> command, which finds the inode(s)
1327 owning a specific disk block. &merged;</para>
1329 <para>The &man.find.1; program now supports <option>-Btime</option>
1330 and other related primaries, which can be used to create expressions
1331 based on a file's creation time. &merged;</para>
1333 <para>A bug in the &man.find.1; program which prevents
1334 numeric arguments for <option>-user</option> and
1335 <option>-group</option> from working as expected
1336 has been fixed.</para>
1338 <para>The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility, a tool for managing
1339 binary updates to the &os; base system, has been added. &merged;</para>
1341 <para>The &man.ftpd.8; utility now creates a PID file
1342 <filename>/var/run/ftpd.pid</filename> even when
1343 no <option>-p</option> option is specified. &merged;</para>
1345 <para>The &man.gbde.8; utility now supports
1346 <option>-k</option> and <option>-K</option> options
1347 to specify a key file in addition to a passphrase.</para>
1349 <para>The &man.getfacl.1; utility now supports
1350 a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress the per-file header
1351 comment listing the file name, owner, and group.
1354 <para>The &man.getent.1; utility has been imported from NetBSD.
1355 It retrieves and displays information from an administrative
1356 database (such as <filename>hosts</filename>) using the lookup
1357 order specified in &man.nsswitch.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
1359 <para>The &man.gpt.8; utility now supports setting GPT partition labels.</para>
1361 <para>The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports commands
1362 to rename objects and to move a subdisk from
1363 one drive to another. &merged;</para>
1365 <para>The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports the
1366 <command>resetconfig</command> sub-command.</para>
1368 <para>An implementation of Generic Security Service API (GSS-API)
1369 version 2 and its C binding described in RFC2743 and RFC2744
1370 has been added. This is a new extensible GSS-API layer which
1371 can support GSS-API plugins, similar the the Solaris
1372 implementation, and the Kerberos 5 GSS mechanism has
1373 been rewritten as a plugin library for the new implementation.</para>
1375 <para>The &man.hccontrol.8; utility now supports HCI node
1376 autodetection.</para>
1378 <para>The &man.id.1; utility now prints the effective user
1379 ID after the group ID.</para>
1381 <para>The &man.id.1; utility now supports a <option>-A</option>
1382 flag to print process audit properties, including the audit user
1385 <para>The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports
1386 a <option>-k</option> flag to allow printing
1387 potentially sensitive keying material to standard output.
1388 This sensitive information will not be printed by default.</para>
1390 <para>The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports a <option>-tunnel</option>
1391 parameter, which is just an alias for <option>deletetunnel</option>,
1392 yet is more convenient and easier to type.</para>
1394 <para>The <option>-vlandev</option> parameter to &man.ifconfig.8;
1395 no longer requires a network interface as its argument. The
1396 argument still is supported for backward compatibility, but
1397 is now deprecated and its use is discouraged.</para>
1399 <para>The &man.iostat.8; utility now supports
1400 a <option>-x</option> flag (inspired by Solaris) to print
1401 extended disk statistics. If the new <option>-z</option> flag is
1402 also specified, no output is made for disks with no
1403 activity. &merged;</para>
1405 <para>The &man.ipfwpcap.8; utility has been added; it captures
1406 packets on a &man.divert.4; socket and writes them as
1407 &man.pcap.3; (also known as &man.tcpdump.1;) format data to a
1408 file or pipe.</para>
1410 <para>The &man.jail.8; utility supports a <option>-J
1411 <replaceable>jid_file</replaceable></option> option to
1412 write out a JidFile, similar to a PidFile, containing
1413 the jailid, path, hostname, IP and the command used to start
1414 the jail. &merged;</para>
1416 <para>The &man.jail.8; program now supports a <option>-s</option>
1417 option to specify a jail's securelevel. &merged;</para>
1419 <para>The &man.jexec.8; utility now supports <option>-u</option>
1420 and <option>-U</option> flags to specify username credentials
1421 under which a command should be executed. &merged;</para>
1423 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a <option>-H</option>
1424 flag, which causes kdump to print an additional field holding
1425 the threadid. &merged;</para>
1427 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a <option>-s</option>
1428 flag to suppress the display of I/O data. &merged;</para>
1430 <para>The &man.kdump.1; program now supports printing
1431 flags in a system call argument by using symbol names.</para>
1433 <para>The &man.kenv.1; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1434 flag to suppress warnings.</para>
1436 <para>&man.kgdb.1; now supports a <option>-w</option>
1437 option to open kmem-based targets in read-write mode.
1438 This allows one to use kgdb on <filename>/dev/mem</filename>
1439 and be able to patch memory on a live system.</para>
1441 <para>The &man.libarchive.3; library now supports
1442 POSIX.1e-style Extended Attributes.</para>
1444 <para>The <application>libc</application> library now includes
1445 initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version
1448 <para>The <application>libedit</application> library has been
1449 updated from the NetBSD source tree as of August 2005.</para>
1451 <para>The <application>libm</application> library now includes
1452 initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version
1455 <para>The &man.libmemstat.3; library has been added.
1456 This is for use by debugging and monitoring applications
1457 in tracking kernel memory statistics. It provides an
1458 abstracted interface to &man.uma.9; and &man.malloc.9;
1459 statistics, wrapped around the binary stream sysctl variables
1460 for the allocators. &merged;</para>
1462 <para>The &man.ln.1; utility now supports
1463 an <option>-F</option> flag, which deletes existing
1464 empty directories when creating symbolic links.
1467 <para>The &man.locate.1; utility now supports
1468 a <option>-0</option> flag to make this utility
1469 interoperable with &man.xargs.1;'s <option>-0</option> flag.
1472 <para>The &man.logger.1; utility now supports
1473 a <option>-P</option>, which specifies the port to which syslog
1474 messages should be sent. &merged;</para>
1476 <para>The &man.ls.1; utility now supports
1477 an <option>-I</option> flag to disable the automatic
1478 <option>-A</option> flag for the superuser. &merged;</para>
1480 <para>The &man.ls.1; utility now supports
1481 an <option>-U</option> flag to use the file creation
1482 time for sorting. &merged;</para>
1484 <para>A new &man.malloc.3; implementation has been introduced.
1485 This implementation, sometimes referred to
1486 as <quote>jemalloc</quote>, was designed to improve the
1487 performance of multi-threaded programs, particularly on SMP
1488 systems, while preserving the performance of single-threaded
1489 programs. Due to the use of different algorithms and data
1490 structures, jemalloc may expose some previously-unknown bugs in
1491 userland code, although most of the &os; base system and common
1492 ports have been tested and/or fixed.</para>
1494 <para>The &man.mdconfig.8; utility now supports producing
1495 device listings formatted as XML. Currently, the
1496 <command>list</command> and <command>query</command>
1497 sub-commands support this feature.</para>
1499 <para>The &man.mdconfig.8; utility's <option>-u</option> option
1500 now supports specifying multiple devices separated
1501 by comma character.</para>
1503 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a <option>-P</option> flag
1504 to allow skipping the &man.newfs.8; process
1505 when using a vnode-backed disk.</para>
1507 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a <option>-E</option> flag
1508 to allow to specify location of the &man.mdconfig.8;
1509 utility instead of using the default one
1510 (<filename>/sbin/mdconfig</filename>).</para>
1512 <para>A new function &man.memmem.3; has been implemented in
1513 <filename>libc</filename>. This is the binary equivalent to
1514 &man.strstr.3; and found in <filename>glibc</filename>.</para>
1516 <para>The &man.mergemaster.8; utility now supports
1517 an <option>-A</option> option to explicitly specify
1518 an architecture to pass through to the underlying makefiles.
1521 <para>The &man.mount.8; <literal>nodev</literal> option has
1522 been removed.</para>
1524 <para>The &man.mount.8; utility now supports &man.mqueuefs.5;.</para>
1526 <para>A bug which prevents the &man.mount.8; utility from converting
1527 a read-only mount to read-write via <command>mount -u -o rw</command>,
1528 has been fixed.</para>
1530 <para>The &man.mount.8; utility now supports a
1531 <literal>late</literal> keyword in &man.fstab.5;, along with a
1532 corresponding <option>-l</option> command-line option to specify
1533 that these <quote>late</quote> file systems should be
1534 mounted. &merged;</para>
1536 <para>The &man.moused.8; daemon now supports an <option>-H</option> flag
1537 to enable horizontal virtual scrolling similar to the
1538 <option>-V</option> flag for vertical virtual scrolling.
1541 <para>The mrouted(8) multicast routing daemon has been removed
1542 from the &os; base system. It implements the DVMRP multicast
1543 routing protocol, which has largely been replaced by PIM in many
1544 multicast installations. The related map-mbone(8) and mrinfo(8)
1545 utilities have also been removed. These programs are now
1546 available in the &os; Ports Collection
1547 as <filename role="package">net/mrouted</filename>.</para>
1549 <para>The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports an
1550 <option>-h</option> flag for interface stats mode,
1551 which prints all interface statistics in human readable form. &merged;</para>
1553 <para>The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports
1554 printing &man.ipsec.4; protocol statistics if the
1555 kernel was compiled with <literal>FAST_IPSEC</literal>
1556 rather than the KAME IPSEC stack.
1557 Note that the output of <command>netstat -s -p ipsec</command>
1558 differs depending on which stack is compiled into
1559 the kernel since they each keep different statistics. &merged;</para>
1561 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file is now
1562 installed statically instead of being generated on every
1565 <para>The objformat(1) utility and getobjformat(3) library (the
1566 last remnants of a.out object file support) have been removed.</para>
1568 <para>The &man.periodic.8; daily script now supports
1569 display of the status of &man.gmirror.8;, &man.graid3.8;,
1570 &man.gstripe.8;, and &man.gconcat.8; devices.
1571 Note that these are disabled by default. &merged;</para>
1573 <para>A new function, &man.pidfile.3;, which provides reliable
1574 pidfiles handling, has been implemented in
1575 <filename>libutil</filename>. &merged;</para>
1577 <para>The &man.ping.8; utility now supports a <quote>sweeping
1578 ping</quote> in which &man.icmp.4; payload of
1579 packets being sent is increased with given step.
1580 This is useful for testing problematic channels, MTU issues
1581 or traffic policing functions in networks. &merged;</para>
1583 <para>The &man.ping.8; command now supports a <option>-W</option>
1584 option to specify the maximum time to wait for an echo reply.
1587 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a
1588 <option>-F</option> option which allows to
1589 restrict matches to a process whose PID is stored in the
1590 pidfile file. When another new option <option>-L</option>
1591 is also specified, the pidfile file must be locked with the
1592 &man.flock.2; syscall or created with &man.pidfile.3;.</para>
1594 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a
1595 <option>-I</option> flag which works like <option>-i</option>
1596 of &man.rm.1;. When this flag is specified, &man.pkill.1;
1597 will ask for confirmation before sending a signal to
1598 each matching process.</para>
1600 <para>The &man.pkill.1; utility (also known as &man.pgrep.1;) has
1601 been moved from <filename>/usr/bin</filename>
1602 to <filename>/bin</filename> so that it can be used by startup
1603 scripts. Symbolic links from its former location have been
1604 created for backward compatibility. &merged;</para>
1606 <para>The &man.powerd.8; program now supports a
1607 <option>-P</option> option, which specifies a pidfile to use.</para>
1609 <para>An extensible implementation of &man.printf.3;, compatible
1610 with GLIBC, has been added to <filename>libc</filename>. It is
1611 only used if the environment variable
1612 <varname>USE_XPRINTF</varname> is defined, one of the extension
1613 functions is called, or the global variable
1614 <varname>__use_xprintf</varname> is set to a value greater than
1615 <literal>0</literal>. Five extensions are currently supported:
1616 <literal>%H</literal> (hex dump),
1617 <literal>%T</literal> (<varname>time_t</varname> and
1618 time-related structures),
1619 <literal>%M</literal> (errno message),
1620 <literal>%Q</literal> (double-quoted, escaped string),
1621 <literal>%V</literal> (&man.strvis.3;-format string),
1624 <para>The DNS resolver library in &os;'s <application>libc</application>
1625 has been updated to that from BIND 9.3.3. &merged;</para>
1627 <para>The &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; program now supports service names
1628 in addition to <option>-c</option> option with channel number.
1629 The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax),
1630 LAN (LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port). &merged;</para>
1632 <para>The &man.rpcgen.1; utility now generates headers and stub files
1633 that can be used with ANSI C compilers by default.</para>
1635 <para>The &man.rtld.1; runtime linker now supports ELF symbol versioning
1636 using GNU semantics. This implementation aims to be compatible
1637 with symbol versioning support as implemented by GNU libc and
1638 documented in <ulink url="http://people.redhat.com/~drepper/symbol-versioning"></ulink>
1639 and LSB 3.0. Also, <function>dlvsym()</function>
1640 function has been added to
1641 allow lookups for a specific version of a given symbol.</para>
1643 <para>A bug in the &man.sed.1; utility which can cause
1644 incorrect calculation of pattern space length in some cases
1645 has been fixed.</para>
1647 <para>The <option>-h</option> flag to &man.setfacl.1; now properly
1648 sets the ACL on a symbolic link, not the link target.</para>
1650 <para>The &man.sh.1; utility now supports a <literal>times</literal>
1651 built-in command. &merged;</para>
1653 <para>The &man.snapinfo.8; utility, which shows snapshot locations
1654 on UFS file systems, has been added. &merged;</para>
1656 <para>The &man.sockstat.1; utility, which shows connected and
1657 listening network sockets, now supports a new <option>-P</option>
1658 command-line option, which can be used to filter displayed sockets
1659 by protocol name (as listed in &man.protocols.5;).</para>
1661 <para>The &man.strtonum.3; library function has been implemented
1662 based on OpenBSD's implementation. This is an improved version of
1663 &man.strtoll.3;. &merged;</para>
1665 <para>The &man.sysctl.8; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1666 flag to suppress a limited set of warnings and errors.</para>
1668 <para>The &man.tail.1; utility now supports a <option>-q</option>
1669 flag to suppress header lines when multiple files are
1670 specified. &merged;</para>
1672 <para>The version of tcpslice in the &os; base system has been
1673 removed due to obsolescence. A more up-to-date version can be
1674 found in the Ports Collection
1675 as <filename role="package">net/tcpslice</filename>.</para>
1677 <para>The &man.time.1; utility now prints the time that a given
1678 command has been running if sent a <literal>SIGINFO</literal> signal.</para>
1680 <para>The &man.traceroute.8; program now supports
1681 a <option>-D</option> flag, which causes it to display the
1682 differences between the sent and received
1683 packets. &merged;</para>
1685 <para>The &man.traceroute.8; utility now supports
1686 a <option>-e</option> option, which sets a fixed destination
1687 port for probe packets. This can be useful for tracing behind
1688 packet-filtering firewalls. &merged;</para>
1690 <para>&man.traceroute.8; now decodes the complete set of ICMP
1691 unreachable messages in its output. &merged;</para>
1693 <para>The &man.truss.1; utility now supports an <option>-s</option>
1694 flag for the same functionality as the strace utility
1695 (<filename role="package">devel/strace</filename>).</para>
1697 <para>[&arch.powerpc;] The &man.truss.1; utility now supports &os;/powerpc.</para>
1699 <para>The usbd(8) utility has been removed.
1700 The &man.devd.8; utility and its configuration
1701 file now support functionality which is equivalent to it.</para>
1703 <para>The vnconfig(8) utility, which was long ago replaced by
1704 &man.mdconfig.8;, has been removed.</para>
1706 <para>The &man.xargs.1; utility now supports a <option>-r</option>
1707 flag which makes the command execution when the standard input
1708 does not contain any non-whitespace-characters. &merged;</para>
1710 <para>The shared library version number of all libraries has
1711 been updated due to some possible ABI changes. The libraries
1712 include: snmp_<replaceable>*</replaceable>, libdialog, libg2c, libobjc,
1713 libreadline, libregex, libstdc++, libkrb5, libalias, libarchive,
1714 libbegemot, libbluetooth, libbsnmp, libbz2, libc_r, libcrypt,
1715 libdevstat, libedit, libexpat, libfetch, libftpio, libgpib,
1716 libipsec, libkiconv, libmagic, libmp, libncp, libncurses,
1717 libnetgraph, libngatm, libopie, libpam, libpthread, libradius,
1718 libsdp, libsmb, libtacplus, libthr, libthread_db, libugidfw,
1719 libusbhid, libutil, libvgl, libwrap, libypclnt, libm, libcrypto,
1720 libssh, and libssl.</para>
1722 <para>The <function>wcsdup()</function> function has been
1723 implemented. This function is popular in Microsoft and GNU
1726 <para>The &man.wpa.passphrase.8; utility has been added. It
1727 generates a 256-bit pre-shared WPA key from an ASCII
1728 passphrase. &merged;</para>
1730 <para>The compiler toolchain is now capable of generating
1731 executables for systems using the ARM processor. &merged;</para>
1733 <sect3 id="rc-scripts">
1734 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
1736 <para>The <filename>auditd</filename> script for
1737 OpenBSM &man.auditd.8; has been added. &merged;</para>
1739 <para>The <filename>bluetooth</filename> script
1740 has been added. This script will be called from
1741 &man.devd.8; in response to device attachment/detachment
1742 events and to stop/start particular device without unplugging
1743 it by hand. The configuration parameters are in
1744 <filename>/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</filename>,
1745 and can be overridden by using
1746 <filename>/etc/bluetooth/<replaceable>$device</replaceable>.conf</filename>
1747 (where <replaceable>$device</replaceable> is <devicename>ubt0</devicename>,
1748 <devicename>btcc0</devicename>, and so on.)
1749 For more details, see &man.bluetooth.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
1751 <para>The <filename>ftpd</filename> script for
1752 stand-alone &man.ftpd.8; has been added.</para>
1754 <para>The <filename>gbde_swap</filename> script has
1755 been removed in favor a new <filename>encswap</filename>
1756 script which also supports &man.geli.8; for swap
1759 <para>The <filename>geli</filename> and <filename>geli2</filename>
1760 scripts has been added for &man.geli.8; device
1761 configuration on boot.</para>
1763 <para>The <filename>ike</filename> script for
1764 IPsec IKE daemon has been removed because no such daemon
1765 is included in the base system.</para>
1767 <para>The <filename>hcsecd</filename> and
1768 <filename>sdpd</filename> scripts have been added
1769 for &man.hcsecd.8; and &man.sdpd.8; daemons.
1770 These daemons can run even if no Bluetooth devices
1771 are attached to the system, but both daemons depend on
1772 Bluetooth socket layer and thus disabled by default.
1773 Bluetooth sockets layer must be either loaded
1774 as a module or compiled into kernel before the daemons can run.
1777 <para>The <filename>hostapd</filename> script for
1778 &man.hostapd.8; has been added. &merged;</para>
1780 <para>The <filename>mdconfig</filename> script to
1781 handle vnode backed &man.md.4; devices has been added.
1782 This is a replacement of the <filename>ramdisk</filename>
1783 script, and all of variables in <varname>ramdisk_*</varname>
1784 have been changed to <varname>mdconfig_*</varname>.
1785 Also, two new &man.rc.conf.5; variables
1786 <varname>mdconfig_<replaceable>*</replaceable>_files</varname>
1788 <varname>mdconfig_<replaceable>*</replaceable>_cmd</varname>
1789 have been added. For example:</para>
1791 <programlisting>mdconfig_md0="-t malloc -s 10m"
1792 mdconfig_md1="-t vnode -f /var/foo.img"</programlisting>
1794 <para>The <filename>netif</filename> script now supports
1795 <varname>ipv4_addrs_<replaceable>ifn</replaceable></varname>
1797 which add one or more IPv4 address from a ranged list in
1798 CIDR notation. &merged; For example:</para>
1800 <programlisting>ipv4_addrs_ed0="192.168.0.1/24 192.168.1.1-5/28"</programlisting>
1802 <para>The <filename>rcconf.sh</filename> script in <filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>
1803 has been removed and a variable <varname>early_late_divider</varname>,
1804 which designates the script to separate the early and late stages
1805 of the boot process, has been added.</para>
1807 <para>The <filename>rc.initdiskless</filename> script now uses &man.tar.1;
1808 instead of &man.pax.1; because &man.pax.1; needs a writable
1809 temporary directory that may not be available when this script
1812 <para>The <filename>pccard</filename> script has been removed
1813 since OLDCARD is deprecated.</para>
1815 <para>The <filename>ppp-user</filename> script has been renamed to
1816 <filename>ppp</filename>. &merged;</para>
1818 <para>The <varname>removable_interfaces</varname> variable
1819 has been removed.</para>
1821 <para>A new keyword <literal>NOAUTO</literal> in
1822 <varname>ifconfig_<replaceable>ifn</replaceable></varname>
1823 has been added. This prevents configuration of an interface
1824 at boot time or via <filename>/etc/pccard_ether</filename>,
1825 and allows <filename>/etc/rc.d/netif</filename>
1826 to be used to start and stop an interface
1827 on a purely manual basis.</para>
1831 <sect2 id="contrib">
1832 <title>Contributed Software</title>
1834 <para><application>Intel ACPI-CA</application>
1835 has been updated to 20051021.</para>
1837 <para><application>BIND</application> has been updated from 9.3.1
1838 to 9.3.4. &merged;</para>
1840 <para><application>BSNMPD</application> has been updated from
1841 1.11 to 1.12.</para>
1843 <para><application>DRM</application> has
1844 been updated to a snapshot from DRI CVS as of 20060517.
1847 <para><application>FILE</application> has been updated from 4.12
1850 <para>The GNU version of <application>gzip</application> has been
1851 replaced with a modified version of gzip ported from NetBSD.
1854 <para><application>netcat</application> has been updated from the
1855 version in a 4 February 2005 OpenBSD snapshot to the version
1856 included in OpenBSD 3.9. &merged;</para>
1858 <para><application>GCC</application> has been updated from 3.4.4
1859 to 3.4.6. &merged;</para>
1861 <para><application>GNU Readline library</application> has been
1862 updated from 5.0 to 5.2 patch 1.</para>
1864 <para><application>GNU Troff</application>
1865 has been updated from version 1.19 to version 1.19.2.
1868 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated from
1869 4.1.8 to 4.1.13. &merged;</para>
1871 <para><application>less</application> has been updated from v381
1872 to v394. &merged;</para>
1874 <para><application>libpcap</application> has been updated from
1875 0.9.1 to 0.9.4. &merged;</para>
1877 <para><application>lukemftpd</application> has been updated from a
1878 snapshot from NetBSD as of 9 August 2004 to a snapshot from
1879 NetBSD as of 31 August 2006. &merged;</para>
1881 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated from
1882 4.2p1 to 4.5p1. &merged;</para>
1884 <para><application>OpenSSL</application> has been updated from
1885 0.9.7e to 0.9.8d.</para>
1887 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated from
1888 5.2-20010512 to 5.6-20061217. ncurses now also has wide
1889 character support.</para>
1891 <para><application>hostapd</application>
1892 has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8.
1895 <para><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
1896 8.13.4 to 8.13.8. &merged;</para>
1898 <para><application>tcpdump</application> has been updated from
1899 3.9.1 to 3.9.4. &merged;</para>
1901 <para>The timezone database has been updated from the
1902 <application>tzdata2005l</application> release to the
1903 <application>tzdata2006n</application> release. &merged;</para>
1905 <para><application>tip</application> has been updated to a
1906 snapshot from OpenBSD as of 20060831.</para>
1908 <para>TrustedBSD <application>OpenBSM</application>,
1909 version 1.0 alpha 12, an implementation of the documented Sun Basic
1910 Security Module (BSM) Audit API and file format, as well as local
1911 extensions to support the Mac OS X and &os; operating systems
1912 has been added. This also includes command line tools for audit
1913 trail reduction and conversion to text, as well as documentation
1914 of the commands, file format, and APIs.
1915 For this functionality, the <literal>AUDIT</literal> kernel option,
1916 <filename>/var/audit</filename> directory, and
1917 <literal>audit</literal> group have been added. &merged;</para>
1919 <para><application>WPA Supplicant</application>
1920 has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8.
1923 <para><application>zlib</application>
1924 has been updated from version 1.2.2 to version 1.2.3. &merged;</para>
1928 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
1930 <para>&man.pkg.add.1; now supports an <option>-F</option>
1931 flag to disable checking whether the same package is already
1932 installed or not. &merged;</para>
1934 <para>The &man.pkg.add.1; program now supports an <option>-P</option>
1935 flag, which is the same as the <option>-p</option> flag
1936 except that the given prefix is also used recursively for the
1937 dependency packages if any. &merged;</para>
1939 <para>The &man.pkg.add.1; and &man.pkg.create.1; utilities now support
1940 a <option>-K</option> flag to save packages to the current directory
1941 (or <varname>PKGDIR</varname> if defined) by default.
1944 <para>The &man.pkg.create.1; program now supports an <option>-x</option>
1945 flag to support basic regular expressions for package name,
1946 an <option>-E</option> flag for extended regular
1947 expressions, and a <option>-G</option> for exact matching. &merged;</para>
1949 <para>The &man.pkg.version.1; utility now supports an <option>-o</option>
1950 flag to show the origin recorded on package generation
1951 instead of the package name, and an <option>-O</option> flag
1952 to list packages with a specific registered origin.
1955 <para>The &man.portsnap.8; utility (<filename>sysutils/portsnap</filename>)
1956 has been added into the &os; base system. This is a secure,
1957 easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
1958 users to keep their ports trees up to date. &merged;</para>
1960 <para>A incorrect handling of <varname>HTTP_PROXY_AUTH</varname>
1961 in the &man.portsnap.8; utility has been fixed. &merged;</para>
1963 <para>The startup scripts from the <varname>local_startup</varname>
1964 directory now evaluated by using &man.rcorder.8; with scripts
1965 in the base system. &merged;</para>
1967 <para>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection
1968 has been removed. This means <filename>foo.sh</filename>
1969 is renamed to <filename>foo</filename>, and now
1970 scripts whose name is something like
1971 <filename>foo.ORG</filename> will also be invoked.
1972 You are recommended to reinstall packages which install
1973 such scripts and remove extra files in the
1974 <varname>local_startup</varname> directory. &merged;</para>
1976 <para>New <filename>rc.conf</filename> variables,
1977 <varname>ldconfig_local_dirs</varname> and
1978 <varname>ldconfig_local32_dirs</varname> have been added.
1979 These hold lists of local &man.ldconfig.8; directories.
1982 <para>The <command>@cwd</command> command in
1983 <filename>pkg-plist</filename> now allows
1984 the case where no directory argument is given. If no
1985 directory argument is given, it will set current
1986 working directory to the first prefix given by the
1987 <command>@cwd</command> command. &merged;</para>
1991 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1993 <para>The default partition sizing algorithm of the
1994 &man.sysinstall.8; utility has been changed.</para>
1998 <para>On systems where the disk capacity is larger than (3 * RAMsize + 10GB),
1999 the default sizes will now be as follows:</para>
2001 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
2003 <colspec colwidth="1*">
2004 <colspec colwidth="2*">
2007 <entry>Partition</entry>
2013 <row><entry>swap</entry><entry>RAMsize * 2</entry></row>
2014 <row><entry><filename>/</filename></entry><entry>512 MB</entry></row>
2015 <row><entry><filename>/tmp</filename></entry><entry>512 MB</entry></row>
2016 <row><entry><filename>/var</filename></entry><entry>1024 MB + RAMsize</entry></row>
2017 <row><entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry><entry>the rest (8GB or more)</entry></row>
2024 <para>On systems where the disk capacity is larger than
2025 (RAMsize / 8 + 2 GB), the default sizes will be
2026 in the following ranges, with space allocated
2027 proportionally:</para>
2029 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
2031 <colspec colwidth="1*">
2032 <colspec colwidth="2*">
2035 <entry>Partition</entry>
2041 <row><entry>swap</entry><entry>from RAMsize / 8 to RAMsize * 2</entry></row>
2042 <row><entry><filename>/</filename></entry><entry>from 256MB to 512MB</entry></row>
2043 <row><entry><filename>/tmp</filename></entry><entry>from 128MB to 512MB</entry></row>
2044 <row><entry><filename>/var</filename></entry><entry>from 128MB to 1024MB</entry></row>
2045 <row><entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry><entry>from 1536MB to 8192MB</entry></row>
2052 <para>On systems with even less disk space, the existing behavior is not
2057 <para>The &man.sysinstall.8; utility now displays the running &os;
2058 version in menu titles. &merged;</para>
2060 <para>A new <literal>showconfig</literal>
2061 target has been added in <filename>src/Makefile</filename>
2062 to show the build configuration of the &os; source tree.</para>
2064 <para>A <filename>/media</filename> directory has been
2065 added to contain mount points for removable media
2066 such as CDROMs, floppy disks, USB drives, and so on. &merged;</para>
2068 <para>The <filename>src.conf</filename> file, which
2069 contains settings that will apply to every build involving
2070 the &os; source tree, has been added.
2071 For details, see &man.build.7; and &man.src.conf.5;.</para>
2073 <para>The supported version of
2074 the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment
2075 (<filename role="package">x11/gnome2</filename>) has been
2076 updated from 2.10.2 to 2.16.3. As a part of this update, the
2077 default prefix for <application>GNOME</application> (and some
2078 related programs) has moved from
2079 <filename>/usr/X11R6</filename>
2080 to <filename>/usr/local</filename>. &merged;</para>
2082 <para>The supported version of
2083 the <application>KDE</application> desktop environment
2084 (<filename role="package">x11/kde3</filename>) has been
2085 updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.6. &merged;</para>
2087 <para>[&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The supported Linux emulation now uses the
2089 <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base-fc4</filename>
2090 package. &merged;</para>
2092 <para>The supported version of
2093 the <application>Perl</application> interpreter
2094 (<filename role="package">lang/perl5.8</filename>) has been updated
2095 from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8. &merged;</para>
2097 <para>The supported version of
2098 the <application>&xorg;</application> windowing system
2099 (<filename role="package">x11/xorg</filename>) has been updated
2100 from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0. &merged;</para>
2102 <para>[&arch.pc98;] &os;/pc98 release CDROMs are now
2103 bootable on systems with some supported SCSI adapters.
2108 <title>Documentation</title>
2110 <para>Documentation of existing functionality has been improved by
2111 the addition of the following manual pages:
2112 &man.acpi.sony.4;, &man.device.get.sysctl.9;,
2116 &man.snd.mss.4;, &man.snd.t4dwave.4;,
2117 &man.sysctl.9;.</para>
2119 <para>The manual pages for <application>NTP</application>
2120 have been updated to 4.2.0, to match the version of
2121 code actually included in &os;. &merged;</para>
2123 <para>Initial support for kernel subsystem API documentation generating
2124 framework using <filename role="package">devel/doxygen</filename>
2125 has been added into <filename>src/sys/doc/subsys</filename>.
2126 To generate the API document, type <command>make doxygen</command>
2127 in <filename>src/</filename> directory.</para>
2131 <sect1 id="upgrade">
2132 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
2137 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
2138 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration