release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.xml

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   4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
   5  %release;
   6 <!ENTITY % sponsor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Sponsor Specification//EN" "sponsor.ent">
   7  %sponsor;
   8 <!ENTITY % vendor PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Vendor Specification//EN" "vendor.ent">
   9  %vendor;
  10 <!ENTITY security SYSTEM "../../share/xml/security.xml">
  11 <!ENTITY errata SYSTEM "../../share/xml/errata.xml">
  12 ]>
  13 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
  14   xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
  15
  16   <info>
  17     <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
  18
  19     <author>
  20       <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
  21     </author>
  22
  23     <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
  24
  25     <!-- Last rev: 278934 -->
  26
  27     <copyright>
  28       <year>2015</year>
  29       <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
  30         Project</holder>
  31     </copyright>
  32
  33     <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
  34       &tm-attrib.freebsd;
  35       &tm-attrib.ibm;
  36       &tm-attrib.ieee;
  37       &tm-attrib.intel;
  38       &tm-attrib.sparc;
  39       &tm-attrib.general;
  40     </legalnotice>
  41
  42     <abstract>
  43       <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
  44         a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
  45         &release.branch; development line.  This document lists
  46         applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
  47         release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
  48         userland.  Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
  49         presented.</para>
  50     </abstract>
  51   </info>
  52
  53   <sect1 xml:id="intro">
  54     <title>Introduction</title>
  55
  56     <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
  57       &release.current;.  It describes recently added, changed, or
  58       deleted features of &os;.  It also provides some notes on
  59       upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
  60
  61     <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
  62       which these release notes apply represents the latest point
  63       along the &release.branch; development branch since
  64       &release.branch; was created.  Information regarding pre-built,
  65       binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
  66       found at <uri
  67         xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
  68
  69     <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
  70       which these release notes apply represents a point along the
  71       &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
  72       the future &release.next;.  Information regarding pre-built,
  73       binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
  74       found at <uri
  75         xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
  76
  77     <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
  78       &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution.  It can be
  79       found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
  80       any of its mirrors.  More information on obtaining this (or
  81       other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
  82       <link
  83         xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
  84           &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
  85         xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
  86         Handbook</link>.</para>
  87
  88     <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
  89       before installing &os;.  The errata document is updated with
  90       <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
  91       release cycle or after the release.  Typically, it contains
  92       information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
  93       to documentation.  An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
  94       &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
  95
  96     <para>This document describes the most user-visible new or changed
  97       features in &os; since &release.prev;.  In general, changes
  98       described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
  99       specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
 100
 101     <para>Typical release note items document recent security
 102       advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
 103       support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
 104       contributed software upgrades.  They may also list changes to
 105       major ports/packages or release engineering practices.  Clearly
 106       the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
 107       between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
 108       advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
 109       improvements.</para>
 110   </sect1>
 111
 112   <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
 113     <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
 114
 115     <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
 116       (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
 117       using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility.  The binary upgrade
 118       procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
 119       unmodified GENERIC kernels distributed as a part of an official
 120       &os; release.  The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that
 121       the host being upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
 122
 123     <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
 124       base system from source code) from previous versions are
 125       supported, according to the instructions in
 126       <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
 127
 128     <important>
 129       <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after backing up
 130         <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration files.</para>
 131     </important>
 132   </sect1>
 133
 134   <sect1 xml:id="security-errata">
 135     <title>Security and Errata</title>
 136
 137     <para>This section lists the various Security Advisories and
 138       Errata Notices since &release.prev;.</para>
 139
 140     <sect2 xml:id="security">
 141       <title>Security Advisories</title>
 142
 143       &security;
 144     </sect2>
 145
 146     <sect2 xml:id="errata">
 147       <title>Errata Notices</title>
 148
 149       &errata;
 150     </sect2>
 151   </sect1>
 152
 153   <sect1 xml:id="userland">
 154     <title>Userland</title>
 155
 156     <para>This section covers changes and additions to userland
 157       applications, contributed software, and system utilities.</para>
 158
 159     <sect2 xml:id="userland-config">
 160       <title>Userland Configuration Changes</title>
 161
 162       <para revision="266463">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
 163         includes files in the
 164         <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
 165         <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
 166         directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
 167
 168       <para revision="270675">The &man.mailwrapper.8; utility has been
 169         updated to use &man.mailer.conf.5; from the
 170         <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> environment variable, which
 171         defaults to <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>
 172         if unset.</para>
 173
 174       <para revision="272350">The <literal>MK_ARM_EABI</literal>
 175         &man.src.conf.5; option has been removed.</para>
 176     </sect2>
 177
 178     <sect2 xml:id="userland-programs">
 179       <title>Userland Application Changes</title>
 180
 181       <para revision="258838" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;,
 182         &google;" sponsorurl="">The &man.casperd.8; daemon has been
 183         added, which provides access to functionality that is not
 184         available in the <quote>capability mode</quote>
 185         sandbox.</para>
 186
 187       <para revision="260594">When unable to load a kernel module with
 188         &man.kldload.8;, a message informing to view output of
 189         &man.dmesg.8; is now printed, opposed to the previous output
 190         <quote>Exec format error.</quote>.</para>
 191
 192       <para revision="260910">Allow &man.pciconf.8; to identify PCI
 193         devices that are attached to a driver to be identified by
 194         their device name instead of just the selector.  Additionally,
 195         an optional device argument to the <literal>-l</literal> flag
 196         to restrict the output to only listing details about a single
 197         device.</para>
 198
 199       <para revision="260913">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
 200         has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.  This allows
 201         the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
 202         device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
 203         to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
 204
 205       <para revision="260926">Support for displaying VPD for PCI
 206         devices via &man.pciconf.8; has been added.</para>
 207
 208       <para revision="261498">&man.ping.8; protects against malicious
 209         network packets using the Capsicum framework to drop
 210         privileges.</para>
 211
 212       <para revision="265229">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
 213         updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
 214         filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
 215         Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
 216         <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
 217         host system.</para>
 218
 219       <para revision="265249">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
 220         to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
 221         &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
 222
 223       <para revision="265995">The Blowfish &man.crypt.3; default
 224         format has been changed to
 225         <literal>&dollar;2b&dollar;</literal>.</para>
 226
 227       <para revision="266209">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
 228         updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
 229         ends event collection after the specified number of
 230         seconds.</para>
 231
 232       <para revision="270745">The &man.ps.1; utility has been updated
 233         to include a new keyword, <quote>tracer</quote>, which
 234         displays the <acronym>PID</acronym> of the tracing
 235         process.</para>
 236
 237       <para revision="271482">Support for adding empty partitions has
 238         been added to the &man.mkimg.1; utility.</para>
 239
 240       <para revision="272166">The &man.primes.6; utility has been
 241         updated to correctly enumerate prime numbers between
 242         <literal>4295098369</literal> and
 243         <literal>3825123056546413050</literal>, which prior to this
 244         change, it would be possible for returned values to be
 245         incorrectly identified as prime numbers.</para>
 246
 247       <para revision="272198">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
 248         updated to include three options used to print information
 249         about &man.mkimg.1; itself:</para>
 250
 251       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
 252         <tgroup cols="2">
 253           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 254           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
 255           <thead>
 256             <row>
 257               <entry>Option</entry>
 258               <entry>Output</entry>
 259             </row>
 260           </thead>
 261
 262           <tbody>
 263             <row>
 264               <entry><literal>--version</literal></entry>
 265               <entry>The current version of the &man.mkimg.1;
 266                 utility</entry>
 267             </row>
 268
 269             <row>
 270               <entry><literal>--formats</literal></entry>
 271               <entry>The disk image file formats supported by
 272                 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
 273             </row>
 274
 275             <row>
 276               <entry><literal>--schemes</literal></entry>
 277               <entry>The partition schemes supported by
 278                 &man.mkimg.1;</entry>
 279             </row>
 280           </tbody>
 281         </tgroup>
 282       </informaltable>
 283
 284       <para revision="272488">Userland &man.ctf.5; support in
 285         &man.dtrace.1; has been added.  With this change,
 286         &man.dtrace.1; is able to resolve type info for function and
 287         <acronym>USDT</acronym> probe arguments, and function return
 288         values.</para>
 289
 290       <para revision="274960">The &man.elfdump.1; utility has been
 291         updated to support capability mode provided by
 292         &man.capsicum.4;.</para>
 293
 294       <para revision="275680" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 295         &man.fstyp.8; utility has been added, which is used to
 296         determine the filesystem on a specified device.</para>
 297
 298       <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
 299         has been updated to support <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8, which
 300         additionally provides unicode support to &man.sh.1;.</para>
 301
 302       <para revision="277166" arch="powerpc">The &man.ptrace.2; system
 303         call has been updated include support for Altivec registers on
 304         &os;/&arch.powerpc;.</para>
 305
 306       <para revision="278320">A new device control utility,
 307         &man.devctl.8; has been added, which allows making
 308         administrative changes to individual devices, such as
 309         attaching and detaching drivers, and enabling and disabling
 310         devices.  The &man.devctl.8; utility uses the new
 311         &man.devctl.3; library.</para>
 312
 313       <para revision="279315" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 314         &man.uefisign.8; utility has been added.</para>
 315
 316       <para revision="279571" contrib="sponsor"
 317         sponsor="&scaleengine;">The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility has
 318         been updated to prevent fetching updated binary patches when
 319         a previous upgrade has not been thoroughly completed.</para>
 320
 321       <para revision="279122" contrib="sponsor"
 322         sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.netstat.1; utility has been
 323         updated to link against the &man.libxo.3; shared
 324         library.</para>
 325
 326       <para revision="281311" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 327         &man.ar.1; utility has been updated to set
 328         <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS</literal> and
 329         <literal>ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT</literal> to disallow
 330         directory traversal when extracting an archive, similar to
 331         &man.tar.1;.</para>
 332     </sect2>
 333
 334     <sect2 xml:id="userland-contrib">
 335       <title>Contributed Software</title>
 336
 337       <para revision="258884" contrib="sponsor"
 338         sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">&man.lldb.1; has been updated to
 339         upstream snapshot version r196259.</para>
 340
 341       <para revision="259626">Timezone data files have been updated to
 342         version 2013i.</para>
 343
 344       <para revision="260445">&man.byacc.1; has been updated to
 345         version 20140101.</para>
 346
 347       <para revision="261071">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to
 348         version 3.5.0.</para>
 349
 350       <para revision="261283"><application>libc++</application> has
 351         been updated to version 3.4.</para>
 352
 353       <para revision="261320"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
 354         been updated to 6.5p1.</para>
 355
 356       <para revision="261344"><application>mdocml</application> has
 357         been updated to version 1.12.3.</para>
 358
 359       <para revision="261991"><application>LLVM</application> and
 360         <application>Clang</application> have been updated to
 361         version 3.4.</para>
 362
 363       <para revision="266527"
 364         role="merged"><application>Sendmail</application> has been
 365         updated from 8.14.7 to 8.14.9.</para>
 366
 367       <para revision="276577"><application>file</application> has been
 368         updated to version 5.22.</para>
 369
 370       <para revision="275718">The <application>binutils</application>
 371         suite of utilities has been updated to include upstream
 372         patches that add new relocations for &arch.powerpc;
 373         support.</para>
 374
 375       <para revision="276398" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 376         <application>ELF Tool Chain</application> has been updated to
 377         upstream revision r3136.</para>
 378
 379       <para revision="276551">The <application>texinfo</application>
 380         utility and <literal>info</literal> pages were removed from
 381         the base system.  The <filename
 382           role="package">print/texinfo</filename> port should be
 383         installed on systems where <literal>info</literal> pages are
 384         needed.</para>
 385
 386       <para revision="276796" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The ELF
 387         object manipulation tools
 388         <application>addr2line</application>,
 389         <application>elfcopy (strip)</application>,
 390         <application>nm</application>,
 391         <application>readelf</application>,
 392         <application>size</application>, and
 393         <application>strings</application> were switched to the
 394         versions from the ELF Tool Chain project.</para>
 395
 396       <para revision="276881">The <literal>libedit</literal> library
 397         has been updated to include <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support,
 398         adding <acronym>UTF-8</acronym> support to the &man.sh.1;
 399         shell.</para>
 400
 401       <para revision="277270"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
 402         been updated to version 1.0.1l.</para>
 403
 404       <para revision="278433">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
 405         to support multi-threaded compression.</para>
 406
 407       <para revision="278970">The &man.acpi.4; subsystem has been
 408         updated to version 20150204.</para>
 409
 410       <para revision="280932" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 411         <application>elftoolchain</application> utilities have been
 412         updated to version 3179.</para>
 413
 414       <para revision="281316">The &man.xz.1; utility has been udpated
 415         to version 5.2.1.</para>
 416
 417       <para revision="281373">The &man.nvi.1; utility has been updated
 418         to version 2.1.3.</para>
 419
 420       <para revision="281806">The &man.wpa.supplicant.8; and
 421         &man.hostapd.8; utilties have been updated to version
 422         2.4.</para>
 423
 424       <para revision="281812"><application>bmake</application> has
 425         been updated to version 20150418.</para>
 426
 427       <para revision="282089">The &man.unbound.8; utility has been
 428         updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
 429     </sect2>
 430
 431     <sect2 xml:id="userland-installer">
 432       <title>Installation and Configuration Tools</title>
 433
 434       <para revision="271539">The &man.bsdinstall.8; partition editor
 435         and &man.sade.8; utility have been updated to include native
 436         <acronym>ZFS</acronym> support.</para>
 437
 438       <para revision="272274">The &os; installation utility,
 439         &man.bsdinstall.8;, has been updated to set the
 440         <literal>canmount</literal> &man.zfs.8; property to
 441         <literal>off</literal> for the <filename
 442           class="directory">/var</filename> dataset, preventing the
 443         contents of directories within <filename
 444           class="directory">/var</filename> from conflicting when
 445         using multiple boot environments, such as that provided by
 446         <filename role="package">sysutils/beadm</filename>.</para>
 447
 448       <para revision="274394">The &man.bsdconfig.8; utility has been
 449         updated to skip the initial &man.tzsetup.8;
 450         <acronym>UTC</acronym> versus wall-clock time prompt when run
 451         in a virtual machine, determined when the
 452         <literal>kern.vm_guest</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is set to
 453         <literal>1</literal>.</para>
 454
 455       <para revision="275874">The &man.bsdinstall.8; utility has been
 456         updated to use the new &man.dpv.3; library to display progress
 457         when extracting the &os; distributions.</para>
 458     </sect2>
 459
 460     <sect2 xml:id="userland-rc">
 461       <title><filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
 462         Scripts</title>
 463
 464       <para revision="270676">The &man.rc.8; subsystem has been
 465         updated to allow configuring services in <filename
 466           class="directory">&dollar;{LOCALBASE}/etc/rc.conf.d/</filename>.
 467         If <literal>LOCALBASE</literal> is unset, it defaults to
 468         <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>.</para>
 469
 470       <para revision="275299">The <filename>mrouted</filename>
 471         &man.rc.8; script has been removed from the base system.  An
 472         equivalent script is available from the <filename
 473           role="package">net/mrouted</filename> port.</para>
 474
 475       <para revision="279463" contrib="sponsor"
 476         sponsor="&sandvine;">A new &man.rc.8; script,
 477         <filename>iovctl</filename>, has been added, which allows
 478         automatically starting the &man.iovctl.8; utility at
 479         boot.</para>
 480     </sect2>
 481
 482     <sect2 xml:id="userland-periodic">
 483       <title><filename class="directory">/etc/periodic</filename>
 484         Scripts</title>
 485
 486       <para revision="271321">The daily &man.periodic.8; script
 487         <filename>110.clean-tmps</filename> has been updated to avoid
 488         crossing filesystem mount boundaries when cleaning files in
 489         <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>.</para>
 490     </sect2>
 491
 492     <sect2 xml:id="userland-libraries">
 493       <title>Runtime Libraries and API</title>
 494
 495       <para revision="268461">The &man.readline.3; library is now
 496         statically linked in software within the base system, and the
 497         shared library is no longer installed, allowing the Ports
 498         Collection to use a modern version of the library.</para>
 499
 500       <para revision="272273">The &man.strptime.3; library has been
 501         updated to add support for <acronym>POSIX</acronym>-2001
 502         features <literal>%U</literal> and
 503         <literal>%W</literal>.</para>
 504
 505       <para revision="272842,272848" contrib="sponsor"
 506         sponsor="&ff;">The &man.dl.iterate.phdr.3; library has been
 507         changed to always return the path name of the
 508         <acronym>ELF</acronym> object in the
 509         <literal>dlpi_name</literal> structure member.</para>
 510
 511       <para revision="273562" contrib="sponsor"
 512         sponsor="&juniper;">The &man.libxo.3; library has been
 513         imported to the base system.</para>
 514
 515       <para revision="273806" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&chelsio;">A
 516         userland library for Chelsio Terminator 5 based iWARP cards
 517         has been added, allowing userland <acronym>RDMA</acronym>
 518         applications to work over compatible
 519         <acronym>NIC</acronym>s.</para>
 520
 521       <para revision="274987">The &man.gpio.3; library has been added,
 522         providing a wrapper around the &man.gpio.4; kernel
 523         interface.</para>
 524
 525       <para revision="277610">The <literal>futimens()</literal> and
 526         <literal>utimensat()</literal> system calls have been
 527         added.  See &man.utimensat.2; for more information.</para>
 528
 529       <para revision="278934">The &man.elf.3; compile-time dependency
 530         has been removed from <filename>dtri.o</filename>, which
 531         allows adding <application>DTrace</application> probes to
 532         userland applications and libraries without also linking
 533         against &man.elf.3;.</para>
 534
 535       <para revision="279186">The &man.setmode.3; function has been
 536         updated to consistently set <literal>errno</literal> on
 537         failure.</para>
 538
 539       <para revision="279663">The &man.qsort.3; functions have been
 540         updated to be able to handle 32-bit aligned data on 64-bit
 541         platforms, also providing a significant improvement in 32-bit
 542         workloads.</para>
 543
 544       <para revision="281130">Several standard include headers have
 545         been updated to use of <application>gcc</application>
 546         attributes, such as <literal>__result_use_check()</literal>,
 547         <literal>__alloc_size()</literal>, and
 548         <literal>__nonnull()</literal>.</para>
 549     </sect2>
 550
 551     <sect2 xml:id="userland-abi">
 552       <title>ABI Compatibility</title>
 553
 554       <para revision="271982">The &linux; compatibility version has
 555         been updated to <literal>2.6.18</literal>.  The
 556         <literal>compat.linux.osrelease</literal> &man.sysctl.8; is
 557         evaluated when building the <filename
 558           role="package">emulators/linux-c6</filename> and related
 559         ports.</para>
 560     </sect2>
 561   </sect1>
 562
 563   <sect1 xml:id="kernel">
 564     <title>Kernel</title>
 565
 566     <para>This section covers changes to kernel configurations, system
 567       tuning, and system control parameters that are not otherwise
 568       categorized.</para>
 569
 570     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-bugfix">
 571       <title>Kernel Bug Fixes</title>
 572
 573       <para revision="265876">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
 574         functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
 575         &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
 576         Boost&nbsp;&trade; enabled has been fixed.</para>
 577
 578       <para revision="271697" arch="powerpc">Support for
 579         &man.dtrace.1; stack tracing has been fixed for
 580         &os;/&arch.powerpc;, using the <literal>trapexit()</literal>
 581         and <literal>asttrapexit()</literal> functions instead of
 582         checking within addressed kernel space.</para>
 583
 584       <para revision="272089">A bug in &man.ipfw.4; that could
 585         potentially lead to a kernel panic when using &man.dummynet.4;
 586         at layer 2 has been fixed.</para>
 587
 588       <para revision="280930" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&mitail;">The
 589         kernel <acronym>RPC</acronym> has been updated to include
 590         several enhancements:</para>
 591
 592       <itemizedlist>
 593         <listitem>
 594           <para>The 45 MiB limit on requests queued for
 595             &man.nfsd.8; threads has been removed.</para>
 596         </listitem>
 597
 598         <listitem>
 599           <para>Avoids unnecessary throttling by not deferring
 600             accounting for completed requests.</para>
 601         </listitem>
 602
 603         <listitem>
 604           <para>Fixes an integer overflow and signedness bugs.</para>
 605         </listitem>
 606       </itemizedlist>
 607
 608       <para revision="281261" arch="powerpc">Support for
 609         &man.dtrace.1; has been added for the
 610         Book-E&nbsp;&trade;.</para>
 611     </sect2>
 612
 613     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-config">
 614       <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
 615
 616       <para revision="266531">The <literal>IMAGACT_BINMISC</literal>
 617         kernel configuration option has been enabled by default,
 618         which enables application execution through emulators, such
 619         as <application>Qemu</application>.</para>
 620
 621       <para revision="268045">The <literal>VT</literal> kernel
 622         configuration file has been removed, and the &man.vt.4;
 623         driver is included in the <literal>GENERIC</literal> kernel.
 624         To enable &man.vt.4;, enter <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal>
 625         at the &man.loader.8; prompt during boot, or add
 626         <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to &man.loader.conf.5; and
 627         reboot the system.</para>
 628
 629       <para revision="277904">The &man.config.8; utility has been
 630         updated to allow using a non-standard <filename
 631           class="directory">src/</filename> tree, specified as an
 632         argument to the <literal>-s</literal> flag.</para>
 633
 634       <para revision="277990" arch="powerpc64">The
 635         &os;/&arch.powerpc64; kernel now builds as
 636         a position-independent executable, allowing the kernel to be
 637         loaded into and run from any physical or virtual
 638         address.</para>
 639
 640       <important>
 641         <para>This change requires an update to &man.loader.8;.
 642           The userland and kernel must be updated before rebooting the
 643           system.</para>
 644       </important>
 645
 646       <para revision="279189" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
 647         arch="powerpc">Kernel support for Vector-Scalar eXtension
 648         (<acronym>VSX</acronym>) found on POWER7 and POWER8 hardware
 649         has been added.</para>
 650
 651       <para revision="279252" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;"
 652         arch="powerpc">The &man.pmap.9; implementation for 64-bit
 653         &powerpc; processors has been overhaulded to improve
 654         concurrency.</para>
 655     </sect2>
 656
 657     <sect2 xml:id="kernel-sysctl">
 658       <title>System Tuning and Controls</title>
 659
 660       <para revision="275140" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
 661         &man.hwpmc.4; default and maximum callchain depths have been
 662         increased.  The default has been increased from 16 to 32, and
 663         the maximum increased from 32 to 128.</para>
 664
 665       <para revision="279361">The <literal>kern.osrelease</literal>
 666         and <literal>kern.osreldate</literal> are now configurable
 667         &man.jail.8; parameters.</para>
 668
 669       <para revision="280308" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 670         &man.devfs.5; device filesystem has been changed to disable
 671         updating timestamps for read/write operations.  A new
 672         &man.sysctl.8;, <literal>vfs.devfs.dotimes</literal> has been
 673         added, which when set to a non-zero value, enables updating
 674         timestamps for these operations.</para>
 675     </sect2>
 676   </sect1>
 677
 678   <sect1 xml:id="drivers">
 679     <title>Devices and Drivers</title>
 680
 681     <para>This section covers changes and additions to devices and
 682       device drivers since &release.prev;.</para>
 683
 684     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-device">
 685       <title>Device Drivers</title>
 686
 687       <para revision="260903">Support for GPS ports has been added to
 688         &man.uhso.4;.</para>
 689
 690       <para revision="265132">The &man.full.4; device has been added,
 691         and the <literal>lindev(4)</literal> device has been removed.
 692         Prior to this change, <literal>lindev(4)</literal> provided
 693         only the <filename>/dev/full</filename> character device,
 694         returning <literal>ENOSPC</literal> on write attempts.  As
 695         this device is not specific to &linux;, a native &os; version
 696         has been added.</para>
 697
 698       <para revision="271705">Hardware context support has been
 699         added to the <literal>drm/i915</literal> driver, adding
 700         support for <application>Mesa</application> 9.2 and
 701         later.</para>
 702
 703       <para revision="273178">The &man.vt.4; driver has been updated,
 704         replacing the bitmapped <literal>kern.vt.spclkeys</literal>
 705         &man.sysctl.8; with individual
 706         <literal>kern.vt.kbd_*</literal> variants.</para>
 707
 708       <para revision="273598">The &man.hpet.4; driver has been updated
 709         to create a
 710         <filename>/dev/hpet<replaceable>N</replaceable></filename>
 711         device, providing access to <acronym>HPET</acronym> from
 712         userspace.</para>
 713
 714       <para revision="280183">The <literal>drm</literal> code has
 715         been updated to match &linux; version 3.8.13.</para>
 716     </sect2>
 717
 718     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-storage">
 719       <title>Storage Drivers</title>
 720
 721       <para revision="265236" contrib="sponsor"
 722         sponsor="&lsi;, &spectralogic;" sponsorurl="">The &man.mpr.4;
 723         device has been added, providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT
 724         3 12Gb SCSI/SATA controllers.</para>
 725
 726       <para revision="265555" contrib="sponsor"
 727           sponsor="&lsi;">The &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
 728         providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers.  The
 729         &man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
 730         To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
 731         <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
 732         <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
 733         &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
 734
 735       <note>
 736         <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
 737           version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
 738           <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
 739           &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
 740       </note>
 741
 742       <para revision="275461" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 743         &man.ctl.4; subsystem has been updated, increasing the ports
 744         limit from <literal>128</literal> to <literal>256</literal>,
 745         and <acronym>LUN</acronym> limit from <literal>256</literal>
 746         to <literal>1024</literal>.</para>
 747
 748       <para revision="276526">The <literal>asr(4)</literal> driver has
 749         been removed, and is no longer supported.</para>
 750     </sect2>
 751
 752     <sect2 xml:id="drivers-network">
 753       <title>Network Drivers</title>
 754
 755       <para revision="258830">Support for Broadcom chipsets BCM57764,
 756         BCM57767, BCM57782, BCM57786 and BCM57787 has been added to
 757         &man.bge.4;.</para>
 758
 759       <para revision="260448">Support for the &intel; Centrino&trade;
 760         Wireless-N 135 chipset has been added.</para>
 761
 762       <para revision="260552">Firmware for &intel; Centrino&trade;
 763         Wireless-N 105 devices has been added to the base
 764         system.</para>
 765
 766       <para revision="261975">The deprecated nve(4) driver has been
 767         removed.  Users of NVIDIA nForce MCP network adapters are
 768         advised to use the &man.nfe.4; driver instead, which has been
 769         the default driver for this hardware since
 770         &os;&nbsp;7.0.</para>
 771
 772       <para revision="264601" contrib="sponsor"
 773         sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal>
 774         device has been added, providing support for NetFPGA-10G
 775         Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
 776
 777       <note>
 778         <para>The <literal>if_nf10bmac(4)</literal> driver operates on
 779           the FPGA, and is not suited for the PCI host
 780           interface.</para>
 781       </note>
 782
 783       <para revision="265348" contrib="sponsor"
 784         sponsor="&netgate;">The &man.ath.hal.4; driver has been
 785         updated to support the Atheros AR1111 chipset.</para>
 786
 787       <para revision="266770">Support for the &intel; Centrino&trade;
 788         Wireless-N 105 chipset has been added.</para>
 789
 790       <para revision="266757" contrib="sponsor"
 791         sponsor="&chelsio;">Support for the &man.cxgbe.4; Terminator
 792         5 (T5) 10G/40G cards has been added to &man.netmap.4;.</para>
 793
 794       <para revision="272730">The &man.alc.4; driver has been updated
 795         to support AR816x and AR817x ethernet controllers.</para>
 796
 797       <para revision="273331">The &man.vxlan.4; driver has been added,
 798         which creates a virtual Layer 2 (Ethernet) network overlaid in
 799         a Layer 3 (IP/UDP) network.  The &man.vxlan.4; driver is
 800         analogous to &man.vlan.4;, but is designed to be better suited
 801         for large, multiple-tenant datacenter environments.</para>
 802
 803       <para revision="274246" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&yandex;">The
 804         &man.gre.4; driver has been significantly overhauled, and has
 805         been split into two separate modules, &man.gre.4; and
 806         &man.me.4;.</para>
 807     </sect2>
 808   </sect1>
 809
 810   <sect1 xml:id="hardware">
 811     <title>Hardware Support</title>
 812
 813     <para>This section covers general hardware support for physical
 814       machines, hypervisors, and virtualization environments, as well
 815       as hardware changes and updates that do not otherwise fit in
 816       other sections of this document.</para>
 817
 818     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-support">
 819       <title>Hardware Support</title>
 820
 821       <para revision="268303">The &man.asmc.4; driver has been
 822         updated to support the &apple;&nbsp;MacMini 3,1.</para>
 823
 824       <para revision="268351">Support for &os;/ia64 has been dropped
 825         as of &os;&nbsp;11.</para>
 826
 827       <para revision="274386">An issue that could cause a system to
 828         hang when entering <acronym>ACPI</acronym>
 829         <literal>S3</literal> state (suspend to
 830         <acronym>RAM</acronym>) has been corrected in the &man.acpi.4;
 831         and &man.pci.4; drivers.</para>
 832
 833       <para revision="274733" arch="powerpc">The power management unit
 834         subsystem has been updated to support power button events on
 835         certain &arch.powerpc; hardware, such as aluminum
 836         PowerBook&nbsp;&reg;.</para>
 837
 838       <para revision="275171,275190" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
 839         driver has been updated to correct performance counter
 840         sampling on G4 (MPC74xxx) and G5 class processors.</para>
 841
 842       <para revision="281713" arch="powerpc">The &man.hwpmc.4;
 843         driver has been updated to support the Freescale e500
 844         core.</para>
 845
 846       <para revision="275732" contrib="sponsor"
 847         sponsor="&ff;,&netgate;">The
 848         <application>OpenCrypto</application> framework has been
 849         updated to include <literal>AES-ICM</literal> and
 850         <literal>AES-GCM</literal> modes, both of which have also been
 851         added to the &man.aesni.4; driver.</para>
 852     </sect2>
 853
 854     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-virtualization">
 855       <title>Virtualization Support</title>
 856
 857       <para revision="260410">Support for the <quote>Virtual Interrupt
 858           Delivery</quote> feature of &intel;&nbsp;VT-x is enabled if
 859         supported by the CPU.  This feature can be disabled by running
 860         <literal>sysctl hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal>.
 861         Additionally, to persist this setting across reboots, add
 862         <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_vid=0</literal> to
 863         <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
 864
 865       <para revision="260532">Support for <quote>Posted Interrupt
 866           Processing</quote> is enabled if supported by the CPU.  This
 867         feature can be disabled by running <literal>sysctl
 868           hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal>.  Additionally, to
 869         persist this setting across reboots, add
 870         <literal>hw.vmm.vmx.use_apic_pir=0</literal> to
 871         <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
 872
 873       <para revision="260582">Unmapped IO support has been added to
 874         &man.virtio_blk.4;.</para>
 875
 876       <para revision="260583">Unmapped IO support has been added to
 877         &man.virtio_scsi.4;.</para>
 878
 879       <para revision="260847">The &man.virtio_random.4; driver has
 880         been added to harvest entropy from the host system.</para>
 881
 882       <para revision="261504">&os;/&arch.i386; guests can be run under
 883         bhyve.</para>
 884
 885       <para revision="267536" contrib="sponsor"
 886         sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for running a &os;/&arch.amd64;
 887         <application>Xen</application> guest instance as
 888         <acronym>PVH</acronym> guest has been added.
 889         <acronym>PVH</acronym> mode, short for <quote>Para-Virtualized
 890           Hardware</quote>, uses para-virtualized drivers for boot and
 891         I/O, and uses hardware virtualization extensions for all other
 892         tasks, without the need for emulation.</para>
 893
 894       <para revision="273515">The &man.virtio.console.4; driver has
 895         been added, which provides an interface to VirtIO console
 896         devices through a &man.tty.4; device.</para>
 897
 898       <para revision="279957">The &man.bhyve.8; hypervisor has been
 899         updated to support <literal>DSM TRIM</literal> commands for
 900         virtual <acronym>AHCI</acronym> disks.</para>
 901
 902       <para revision="281439" arch="arm">Support for the
 903         <application>QEMU</application> <literal>virt</literal> system
 904         has been added.</para>
 905     </sect2>
 906
 907     <sect2 xml:id="hardware-arm">
 908       <title>ARM Support</title>
 909
 910       <para revision="260921">The &man.nand.4; device is enabled for
 911         ARM devices by default.</para>
 912
 913       <para revision="273264" arch="armv6">An issue that could cause
 914         instability when detecting <acronym>SD</acronym> cards on the
 915         Raspberry Pi <acronym>SOC</acronym> has been fixed.</para>
 916
 917       <para revision="275963">The <literal>bcm2835_cpufreq</literal>
 918         driver has been added, which supports <acronym>CPU</acronym>
 919         frequency and voltage control on the Raspberry Pi
 920         <acronym>SOC</acronym>.</para>
 921
 922       <para revision="280259" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">Initial
 923         support for the ARM AArch64 architecture has been
 924         added.</para>
 925     </sect2>
 926   </sect1>
 927
 928   <sect1 xml:id="storage">
 929     <title>Storage</title>
 930
 931     <para>This section covers changes and additions to file systems
 932       and other storage subsystems, both local and networked.</para>
 933
 934     <sect2 xml:id="storage-general">
 935       <title>General Storage</title>
 936
 937       <para revision="278037" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 938         &man.ctl.4; <acronym>LUN</acronym> mapping has been rewritten,
 939         replacing <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>-specific mapping mechanisms
 940         with a new mechanism that works for any port.</para>
 941
 942       <para revision="278354" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
 943         &man.ctld.8; utility has been updated to allow controlling
 944         non-<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> &man.ctl.4; ports.</para>
 945     </sect2>
 946
 947     <sect2 xml:id="storage-net">
 948       <title>Networked Storage</title>
 949
 950       <para revision="270096" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The new
 951         filesystem automount facility, &man.autofs.5;, has been added.
 952         The new &man.autofs.5; facility is similar to that found in
 953         other &unix;-like operating systems, such as OS&nbsp;X&trade;
 954         and Solaris&trade;.  The &man.autofs.5; facility uses
 955         a &sun;-compatible &man.auto.master.5; configuration file, and
 956         is administered with the &man.automount.8; userland utility,
 957         and the &man.automountd.8; and &man.autounmountd.8;
 958         daemons.</para>
 959     </sect2>
 960
 961     <sect2 xml:id="storage-zfs">
 962       <title>ZFS</title>
 963
 964       <para revision="275748">The <literal>arc_meta_limit</literal>
 965         statistics are now visible through the
 966         <literal>kstat</literal> &man.sysctl.8;.  As a result of this
 967         change, the <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_meta_used</literal>
 968         &man.sysctl.8; has been removed, and replaced with the
 969         <literal>kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.arc_meta_used</literal>
 970         &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
 971     </sect2>
 972
 973     <sect2 xml:id="storage-geom">
 974       <title>&man.geom.4;</title>
 975
 976       <para revision="267359">Support for the
 977         <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
 978         added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
 979     </sect2>
 980   </sect1>
 981
 982   <sect1 xml:id="boot">
 983     <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
 984
 985     <para>This section covers the boot loader, boot menu, and other
 986       boot-related changes.</para>
 987
 988     <sect2 xml:id="boot-loader">
 989       <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
 990
 991       <para revision="274085">The &man.vt.4; driver has been made the
 992         default system console driver.  The &man.syscons.4; driver is
 993         still available, and can be enabled by adding
 994         <literal>kern.vty=sc</literal> in &man.loader.conf.5;.
 995         Alternatively, &man.syscons.4; can be enabled at boot time by
 996         entering <literal>set kern.vty=sc</literal> at the
 997         &man.loader.8; prompt.</para>
 998
 999       <para revision="281616">The boot loader has been updated to
1000         support entering the <acronym>GELI</acronym> passphrase before
1001         loading the kernel.  To enable this behavior, add
1002         <literal>geom_eli_passphrase_prompt="YES"</literal> to
1003         &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
1004     </sect2>
1005
1006     <sect2 xml:id="boot-menu">
1007       <title>Boot Menu Changes</title>
1008
1009       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1010     </sect2>
1011   </sect1>
1012
1013   <sect1 xml:id="network">
1014     <title>Networking</title>
1015
1016     <para>This section describes changes that affect networking in
1017       &os;.</para>
1018
1019     <sect2 xml:id="network-protocols">
1020       <title>Network Procols</title>
1021
1022       <para revision="263140">Support for the IPX network transport
1023         protocol has been removed, and will not be supported in
1024         &os;&nbsp;11 and later releases.</para>
1025
1026       <para revision="272720" contrib="sponsor"
1027         sponsor="&limelight;">Support for <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1028         blackhole detection (<acronym>RFC</acronym> 4821) has been
1029         added to the &man.tcp.4; stack, disabled by default.  New
1030         control tunables have been added:</para>
1031
1032       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1033         <tgroup cols="2">
1034           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1035           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1036           <thead>
1037             <row>
1038               <entry>Tunable</entry>
1039               <entry>Description</entry>
1040             </row>
1041           </thead>
1042
1043           <tbody>
1044             <row>
1045               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_detection</literal></entry>
1046               <entry>Enables or disables <acronym>PLPMTUD</acronym>
1047                 blackhole detection</entry>
1048             </row>
1049
1050             <row>
1051               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1052               <entry><acronym>MSS</acronym> to try for IPv4</entry>
1053             </row>
1054
1055             <row>
1056               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.v6pmtud_blackhole_mss</literal></entry>
1057               <entry><acronym>MSS to try for IPv6</acronym></entry>
1058             </row>
1059           </tbody>
1060         </tgroup>
1061       </informaltable>
1062
1063       <para>New monitoring &man.sysctl.8;s haven been added:</para>
1064
1065       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
1066         <tgroup cols="2">
1067           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1068           <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
1069           <thead>
1070             <row>
1071               <entry>Tunable</entry>
1072               <entry>Description</entry>
1073             </row>
1074           </thead>
1075
1076           <tbody>
1077             <row>
1078               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_activated</literal></entry>
1079               <entry>Number of times the code was activated to attempt
1080                 downshifting the <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1081             </row>
1082
1083             <row>
1084               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_min_activated</literal></entry>
1085               <entry>Number of times the blackhole
1086                 <acronym>MSS</acronym> was used in an attempt to
1087                 downshift</entry>
1088             </row>
1089
1090             <row>
1091               <entry><literal>net.inet.tcp.pmtud_blackhole_failed</literal></entry>
1092               <entry>Number of times that the blackhole failed to
1093                 connect after downshifting the
1094                 <acronym>MSS</acronym></entry>
1095             </row>
1096           </tbody>
1097         </tgroup>
1098       </informaltable>
1099
1100       <para revision="280971" contrib="sponsor"
1101         sponsor="&netflix;, &nginx;">Support for <acronym>IP</acronym>
1102         identification for atomic datagrams (<acronym>RFC</acronym>
1103         6864) has been added.  Support for this feature can be toggled
1104         with the <literal>net.inet.ip.rfc6864</literal>
1105         &man.sysctl.8;, which is enabled by default.</para>
1106     </sect2>
1107   </sect1>
1108
1109   <sect1 xml:id="ports">
1110     <title>Ports Collection and Package Infrastructure</title>
1111
1112     <para>This section covers changes to the &os;&nbsp;Ports
1113       Collection, package infrastructure, and package maintenance and
1114       installation tools.</para>
1115
1116     <sect2 xml:id="ports-infrastructure">
1117       <title>Infrastructure Changes</title>
1118
1119       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1120     </sect2>
1121
1122     <sect2 xml:id="ports-packages ">
1123       <title>Packaging Changes</title>
1124
1125       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1126     </sect2>
1127   </sect1>
1128
1129   <sect1 xml:id="doc">
1130     <title>Documentation</title>
1131
1132     <para>This section covers changes to the &os;&nbsp;Documentation
1133       Project sources and toolchain.</para>
1134
1135     <sect2 xml:id="doc-sources">
1136       <title>Documentation Source Changes</title>
1137
1138       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1139     </sect2>
1140
1141     <sect2 xml:id="doc-toolchain">
1142       <title>Documentation Toolchain Changes</title>
1143
1144       <para>&nbsp;</para>
1145     </sect2>
1146   </sect1>
1147
1148   <sect1 xml:id="releng">
1149     <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1150
1151     <para>This section convers changes that are specific to the
1152       &os;&nbsp;Release Engineering processes.</para>
1153
1154     <sect2 xml:id="releng-changes">
1155       <title>Integration Changes</title>
1156
1157       <para revision="277458" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
1158         Release Engineering build tools have been updated to include
1159         support for producing virtual machine disk images for various
1160         cloud hosting providers.</para>
1161
1162       <para revision="278926">The Release Engineering build tools have
1163         been updated to use multi-threaded &man.xz.1;.  By default,
1164         the number of &man.xz.1; threads is set to the number of cores
1165         available.</para>
1166     </sect2>
1167   </sect1>
1168 </article>