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7 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
8 <info><title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
11 <author><orgname>The &os; Project</orgname></author>
13 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
30 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
44 of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line.
46 This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
47 the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os;
49 Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
58 describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;.
59 It also provides some notes on upgrading
60 from previous versions of &os;.</para>
62 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
63 apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development
64 branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary
65 &release.type; distributions along this branch
66 can be found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
68 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
69 apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
70 branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;.
72 pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch
73 can be found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
75 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a
76 &release.type; distribution. It can be found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or any of its mirrors. More
77 information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type;
78 distributions of &os; can be found in the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
79 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
80 Handbook</link>.</para>
82 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
83 installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
84 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
85 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
86 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
87 documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
88 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
93 <title>What's New</title>
95 <para>This section describes
96 the most user-visible new or changed features in &os;
98 In general, changes described here are unique to the &release.branch;
99 branch unless specifically marked as &merged; features.
102 <para>Typical release note items
103 document recent security advisories issued after
105 new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
106 major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also
107 list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
108 practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single
109 change made to &os; between releases; this document focuses
110 primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major
111 architectural improvements.</para>
113 <sect2 xml:id="security">
114 <title>Security Advisories</title>
120 <sect2 xml:id="kernel">
121 <title>Kernel Changes</title>
123 <para arch="amd64" revision="245652">The BSD Hypervisor, &man.bhyve.8; is included
124 with &os;. &man.bhyve.8; requires Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT)
125 support. These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond
126 (e.g. Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</para>
128 <para arch="amd64">The maximum amount of memory the &os; kernel
129 can address has been increased from 1TB to 4TB.</para>
131 <para>A new &man.cpuset.2; API has been added
132 for thread to CPU binding and CPU resource grouping and
133 assignment. The &man.cpuset.1; userland utility has been added
134 to allow manipulation of processor sets.</para>
136 <para role="merged">The &man.ddb.4; kernel debugger now has an output capture
137 facility. Input and output from &man.ddb.4; can now be captured
138 to a memory buffer for later inspection using &man.sysctl.8; or
139 a textdump. The new <command>capture</command> command controls
142 <para role="merged">The &man.ddb.4; debugger now supports a simple scripting
143 facility, which supports a set of named scripts consisting of a
144 set of &man.ddb.4; commands. These commands can be managed from
145 within &man.ddb.4; or with the use of the new &man.ddb.8;
146 utility. More details can be found in the &man.ddb.4; manual
149 <para role="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format of kernel
150 dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information via
151 mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather than a
152 simple memory dump. This facility can be used to generate brief
153 kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging information, but
154 are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or precisely
155 synchronized source code. More information can be found in the
156 &man.textdump.4; manual page.</para>
158 <para>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
159 the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful
160 in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the
161 KSE library was never developed to its full potential.
162 Backwards compatibility for applications using KSE threading
163 will be provided via &man.libmap.conf.5; for dynamically linked
164 binaries. The &os; Project greatly appreciates the work of
165 &a.julian;, &a.deischen;, and &a.davidxu; on KSE support.</para>
167 <para>The &os; kernel now exports information about certain kernel
168 features via the <varname>kern.features</varname> sysctl tree.
169 The &man.feature.present.3; library call provides a convenient
170 interface for user applications to test the presence of
173 <para arch="amd64">The &os; kernel now has support for large
174 memory page mappings (<quote>superpages</quote>).</para>
176 <para arch="amd64,i386,ia64,powerpc" role="merged">The ULE
177 scheduler is now the default process scheduler
178 in <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels.</para>
180 <sect3 xml:id="boot">
181 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
183 <para arch="amd64,i386" role="merged">The BTX kernel used by the boot
184 loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
185 mode. This change makes it possible to boot &os; from USB
188 <para arch="amd64,i386" role="merged">A new gptboot boot loader has
189 been added to support booting from a GPT labeled disk. A
190 new <command>boot</command> command has been added to
191 &man.gpt.8;, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
192 required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
193 partition if required.</para>
197 <sect3 xml:id="proc">
198 <title>Hardware Support</title>
200 <para role="merged">The &man.cmx.4; driver, a driver for Omnikey CardMan 4040
201 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</para>
203 <para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports Colemak keyboard layout.</para>
205 <para role="merged">The &man.uslcom.4; driver, a driver for Silicon
206 Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters, has been
207 imported from OpenBSD.</para>
210 <title>Multimedia Support</title>
212 <para>Support for version 2.0 of the USB Audio reference design
213 has been added. New devices should support higher bandwidth,
214 increased sampling frequency and wider dynamic range.</para>
218 <sect4 xml:id="net-if">
219 <title>Network Interface Support</title>
221 <para>The &man.ale.4; driver has been added to provide support
222 for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet controllers.</para>
224 <para>The &man.em.4; driver has been split into two drivers
225 with some common parts. The &man.em.4; driver will continue
226 to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new
227 client/desktop adapters. A new &man.igb.4; driver
228 will support new server adapters.</para>
230 <para>The &man.jme.4; driver has been added to provide support
231 for PCIe network adapters based on JMicron JMC250 Gigabit
232 Ethernet and JMC260 Fast Ethernet controllers.</para>
234 <para>The &man.malo.4; driver has been added to provide
235 support for Marvell Libertas 88W8335 based PCI network
238 <para>The firmware for the &man.mxge.4; driver has been
239 updated from 1.4.25 to 1.4.29.</para>
241 <para>The &man.sf.4; driver has been overhauled to improve its
242 performance and to add support for checksum offloading. It
243 should also work on all architectures.</para>
245 <para>The &man.re.4; driver has been overhauled to fix a
246 number of issues. This driver now has Wake On LAN (WOL)
249 <para>The &man.vr.4; driver has been overhauled to fix a
250 number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all
251 architectures.</para>
253 <para arch="amd64,i386" role="merged">The &man.wpi.4; driver has
254 been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</para>
256 <para revision="248925">The &man.cxgbe.4; driver has been updated to support
257 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</para>
259 <para revision="256694">The iw_cxgbe driver has been added. This is an
260 experimental iWARP/RDMA driver
261 (kernel verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</para>
263 <para revision="255932">The Open Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) and
264 OFED Infiniband core has been
265 updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version 3.7</para>
267 <para revision="255932">The Mellanox Infiniband driver has been updated to firmware
268 version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3 NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
269 each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40 GB/s. Support has been added
270 for dynamically loading kernel modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and
271 IP over Infiniband (ipoib).</para>
276 <sect3 xml:id="net-proto">
277 <title>Network Protocols</title>
279 <para>&man.carp.4; has been rewritten to make addresses
280 more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such as
281 quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
282 address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
283 ifconfig, better locking and using modern kernel
284 interfaces to allocate multicast memberships.</para>
286 <para>The &man.pf.4; firewall now supports fine-grain locking
287 and better utilization on multi-cpu machines resulting in
288 significant improvements in performance.</para>
290 <para>Support for up to 65536 routing tables has been
293 <para>Support for setting/matching differentiated services
294 codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has been added to
299 <sect3 xml:id="disks">
300 <title>Disks and Storage</title>
302 <para role="merged">The &man.aac.4; driver now supports volumes larger than
305 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a spindown command for
306 disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests
307 have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down
308 until the next request. The &man.atacontrol.8; utility now
309 supports a <command>spindown</command> command to configure
312 <para role="merged">The &man.hptrr.4; driver has been updated to version 1.2
313 from Highpoint.</para>
318 <title>File Systems</title>
320 <para revision="255570">A new kernel-based iSCSI target and initiator has been
323 <para>UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with &man.growfs.8; while
324 mounted read-write. This is especially useful for virtual
325 machines, allowing the addition of more harddrive space without
326 interruption of service.</para>
328 <para>A state of the art FUSE implementation is now part of the
329 base system. It allows the use of nearly all fusefs file
332 <para>Support for the high performance LZ4 compression algorithm
333 has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually faster and can achieve a
334 higher compression ratio than LZJB, the default compression
337 <para>Support for L2ARC compression has been added to ZFS.</para>
339 <para>ZFS will now compare the checksums of incoming writes to
340 the checksum of the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any
341 write I/O for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O
342 as well as space usage because if the old block is referenced
343 by a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
344 both contain the same data.</para>
346 <sect4 xml:id="fs-zfs">
349 <para revision="240868">TRIM support has been added for
358 <sect2 xml:id="userland">
359 <title>Userland Changes</title>
361 <para revision="255321">On platforms where &man.clang.1; is the default
362 system compiler, (such as i386, amd64, arm) GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no
363 longer built by default. &man.clang.1; and libc++ from LLVM are used on
364 these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built
365 and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where &man.clang.1;
366 is not the default system compiler.
369 <para revision="251662">&man.clang.1; and llvm have been updated to
370 version 3.3 release. Please refer to
371 <link xlink:href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html">
372 Clang 3.3 Release Notes.</link></para>
374 <para role="merged" revision="255949">BIND has been replaced by &man.unbound.8; for
375 local dns resolution in the base system. With this change, nslookup
376 and dig are no longer a part of the base system. Users should
377 instead use &man.host.1; and &man.drill.1; Alternatively,
378 nslookup and dig can be obtained by installing the
379 dns/bind-tools port.</para>
381 <para role="merged">The &man.adduser.8; utility now supports
382 a <option>-M</option> option to set the mode of a new user's
383 home directory.</para>
385 <para>BSD-licensed versions of &man.ar.1; and &man.ranlib.1;,
386 based on <filename>libarchive</filename>, have replaced the GNU
387 Binutils versions of these utilities.</para>
389 <para>BSD-licensed versions of &man.bc.1; and &man.dc.1; have
390 replaced their GNU counterparts.</para>
392 <para role="merged">&man.chflags.1; now supports a <option>-v</option> flag for
393 verbose output and a <option>-f</option> flag to ignore errors
394 with the same semantics as (for example)
395 &man.chmod.1;.</para>
397 <para>For compatibility with other implementations, &man.cp.1; now
398 supports a <option>-a</option> flag, which is equivalent to
399 specifying the <option>-RrP</option> flags.</para>
401 <para>BSD-licensed version of &man.cpio.1; based on
402 <filename>libarchive</filename>, has replaced the GNU cpio.
403 Note that the GNU cpio is still installed as
404 <filename>gcpio</filename>.</para>
406 <para>The &man.env.1; program now supports <option>-u
407 <replaceable>name</replaceable></option>
408 which will completely unset the given variable
409 <replaceable>name</replaceable> by removing it from the environment,
410 instead of just setting it to a null value.</para>
412 <para>The &man.fdopendir.3; library function has been added.</para>
414 <para role="merged">The &man.fetch.3; library now support HTTP 1.1
415 If-Modified-Since behavior. The &man.fetch.1; program now
416 supports <option>-i <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option>
417 which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content
418 is newer than <replaceable>filename</replaceable>.</para>
420 <para>&man.find.1; has been enhanced by the addition of a number
421 of primaries that were present in GNU find but not &os;
424 <para>&man.kgdb.1; now supports a new <command>add-kld</command>
425 command to make it easier to debug crash dumps with kernel
428 <para>The &man.ls.1; program now supports a <option>-D</option>
429 option to specify a date format string to be used with the long
430 format (<option>-l</option>) output.</para>
432 <para>&man.nc.1; now supports a <option>-O</option> switch to
433 disable the use of TCP options.</para>
435 <para>&man.nc.1;'s <option>-o</option> switch has been deprecated.
436 It will be removed in a future release.</para>
438 <para>The &man.ping6.8; utility now returns <literal>2</literal>
439 when the packet transmission was successful but no responses
440 were received (this is the same behavior as &man.ping.8;).
441 It returned a non-zero value before this change.</para>
443 <para>The &man.procstat.1; utility has been added to display
444 detailed information about processes.</para>
446 <para role="merged">The &man.realpath.1; utility now supports
447 a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
448 accepts multiple paths on its command line.</para>
450 <para>&man.sh.1; has many bug fixes, some new features, and will now
451 refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
452 has filename completion and defaults to the "emacs" editing
455 <para>The &man.split.1; utility now supports a <option>-n</option>
456 flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</para>
458 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a <option>-Z</option>
459 flag to enable &man.compress.1;-style
460 compression/decompression.</para>
462 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a
463 <option>--numeric-owner</option> flag to ignore user/group names
464 on create and extract.</para>
466 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports an
467 <option>-S</option> flag to sparsify files on extraction.</para>
469 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a <option>-s</option>
470 flag to substitute filenames based on the specified regular
473 <para>The &man.tcgetsid.3; library function has been added to
474 return the process group ID for the session leader for the
475 controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
478 <para>&man.top.1; now supports a <option>-P</option> flag to
479 provide per-CPU usage statistics.</para>
481 <para>&man.zdump.8; is now working properly on 64 bit architectures.
484 <para>&man.traceroute.8; now has the ability to print the AS
485 number for each hop with the new <option>-a</option> switch; a
486 new <option>-A</option> option allows selecting a particular
489 <para>&man.traceroute6.8; now supports a <option>-U</option> flag
490 to send probe packets with no upper-layer protocol, rather than
491 the usual UDP probe packets.</para>
493 <sect3 xml:id="rc-scripts">
494 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
501 <sect2 xml:id="contrib">
502 <title>Contributed Software</title>
504 <para role="merged"><application>AMD</application> has been updated from 6.0.10
507 <para role="merged"><application>awk</application> has been updated from 1 May
508 2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</para>
510 <para role="merged"><application>bzip2</application> has been updated from 1.0.4
513 <para><application>CVS</application> has been removed from the
514 base system, but is still available from ports</para>
516 <para><application>FILE</application> has been updated from 4.23
519 <para><application>hostapd</application> has been
520 updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</para>
522 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated from
523 4.1.23 to 4.1.28.</para>
525 <para><application>less</application> has been updated from
528 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated from
529 5.6-20061217 to 5.6-20080503.</para>
531 <para role="merged"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated
532 from 4.5p1 to 5.1p1.</para>
534 <para role="merged"><application>OpenPAM</application> has been updated from the
535 Figwort release to the Hydrangea release.</para>
537 <para role="merged"><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
538 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</para>
540 <para role="merged">The timezone database has been updated from
541 the <application>tzdata2008h</application> release to
542 the <application>tzdata2009m</application> release.</para>
544 <para>The stdtime part of libc, &man.zdump.8; and &man.zic.8;
545 have been updated from the <application>tzcode2004a</application>
546 release to the <application>tzcode2009h</application> release.
547 If you have upgraded from source or via the &man.freebsd-update.8;,
548 then please run &man.tzsetup.8; to install a new /etc/localtime.
551 <para><application>WPA Supplicant</application> has been
552 updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</para>
554 <para role="merged"><application>xz</application> has been updated
555 from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</para>
559 <sect2 xml:id="ports">
560 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
562 <para revision="257444">The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete, pkg_info,
563 pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been removed.
564 &man.pkg.7; must now be used to install binary packages. &man.pkg.7;
565 is the next generation &os; package manager, also referred to as "pkgng".</para>
569 <sect2 xml:id="releng">
570 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
572 <para role="merged">The supported version of
573 the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment
574 (<package>x11/gnome2</package>) has been
575 updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</para>
580 <title>Documentation</title>
587 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
588 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
590 <para arch="amd64,i386">Beginning with &os; 6.2-RELEASE,
591 binary upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the
592 various security branches) are supported using the
593 &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade procedure will
594 update unmodified userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or
595 SMP kernels distributed as a part of an official &os; release.
596 The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that the host being
597 upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
599 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
600 base system from source code) from previous versions are
601 supported, according to the instructions in
602 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
605 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
606 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration