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32 .\" @(#)badsect.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $Id: badsect.8,v 1.6 1997/10/15 17:33:47 max Exp $
40 .Nd create files to contain bad sectors
46 makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors
47 are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
48 a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver; see
51 If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
52 use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
53 makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
55 The technique used by this program is also less general than
56 bad block forwarding, as
59 bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
62 adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
63 currently requires the running of the standard
66 Thus to deal with a newly bad block
67 or on disks where the drivers
68 do not support the bad-blocking standard
70 may be used to good effect.
73 is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
74 First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
79 giving as argument the
82 all the bad sectors you wish to add.
83 (The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
84 the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
85 relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
86 Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
89 on the file system. The bad sectors should show up in two files
90 or in the bad sector files and the free list. Have
92 remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
97 This will leave the bad sectors in only the
102 works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
105 creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
106 bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
107 When it is discovered by
110 .Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK ?"
111 A positive response will cause
113 to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
119 refuses to attach a block that
120 resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
121 A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
123 If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
124 you should specify only one of them to
126 as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
127 file system fragment.