1 .\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
5 .\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
7 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16 .\" must display the following acknowledgment:
17 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
18 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
19 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21 .\" without specific prior written permission.
23 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 .\" @(#)disklabel.5.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
47 Each disk or disk pack on a system may contain a disk label
48 which provides detailed information
49 about the geometry of the disk and the partitions into which the disk
51 It should be initialized when the disk is formatted,
52 and may be changed later with the
55 This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
56 program to determine how to program the drive
57 and where to find the filesystems on the disk partitions.
58 Additional information is used by the filesystem in order
59 to use the disk most efficiently and to locate important filesystem information.
60 The description of each partition contains an identifier for the partition
61 type (standard filesystem, swap area, etc.).
62 The filesystem updates the in-core copy of the label if it contains
63 incomplete information about the filesystem.
65 The label is located in sector number
67 of the drive, usually sector 0 where it may be found
68 without any information about the disk geometry.
71 from the beginning of the sector, to allow room for the initial bootstrap.
72 The disk sector containing the label is normally made read-only
73 so that it is not accidentally overwritten by pack-to-pack copies
78 which is done as needed by the
82 A copy of the in-core label for a disk can be obtained with the
85 this works with a file descriptor for a block or character (``raw'') device
86 for any partition of the disk.
87 The in-core copy of the label is set by the
90 The offset of a partition cannot generally be changed while it is open,
91 nor can it be made smaller while it is open.
92 One exception is that any change is allowed if no label was found
93 on the disk, and the driver was able to construct only a skeletal label
94 without partition information.
98 operation sets the in-core label and then updates the on-disk label;
99 there must be an existing label on the disk for this operation to succeed.
100 Thus, the initial label for a disk or disk pack must be installed
101 by writing to the raw disk.
102 All of these operations are normally done using
105 The format of the disk label, as specified in
106 .Pa <sys/disklabel.h> ,
109 #ifndef _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
110 #define _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
113 #include <sys/types.h>
115 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
118 * Disk description table, see disktab(5)
120 #define _PATH_DISKTAB "/etc/disktab"
121 #define DISKTAB "/etc/disktab" /* deprecated */
124 * Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
125 * disk geometry, filesystem partitions, and drive specific information.
126 * The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
127 * to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
130 /* XXX these should be defined per controller (or drive) elsewhere, not here! */
132 #define LABELSECTOR 1 /* sector containing label */
133 #define LABELOFFSET 0 /* offset of label in sector */
137 #define LABELSECTOR 0
138 #define LABELOFFSET 64
142 #define LABELSECTOR 0 /* sector containing label */
146 #define LABELOFFSET 64 /* offset of label in sector */
149 #define DISKMAGIC ((u_int32_t)0x82564557) /* The disk magic number */
150 #ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
151 #define MAXPARTITIONS 8
154 #define LABEL_PART 2 /* partition containing label */
155 #define RAW_PART 2 /* partition containing whole disk */
156 #define SWAP_PART 1 /* partition normally containing swap */
160 u_int32_t d_magic; /* the magic number */
161 u_int16_t d_type; /* drive type */
162 u_int16_t d_subtype; /* controller/d_type specific */
163 char d_typename[16]; /* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
164 char d_packname[16]; /* pack identifier */
167 u_int32_t d_secsize; /* # of bytes per sector */
168 u_int32_t d_nsectors; /* # of data sectors per track */
169 u_int32_t d_ntracks; /* # of tracks per cylinder */
170 u_int32_t d_ncylinders; /* # of data cylinders per unit */
171 u_int32_t d_secpercyl; /* # of data sectors per cylinder */
172 u_int32_t d_secperunit; /* # of data sectors per unit */
175 * Spares (bad sector replacements) below are not counted in
176 * d_nsectors or d_secpercyl. Spare sectors are assumed to
177 * be physical sectors which occupy space at the end of each
178 * track and/or cylinder.
180 u_int16_t d_sparespertrack; /* # of spare sectors per track */
181 u_int16_t d_sparespercyl; /* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
183 * Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement, configuration
184 * description areas, etc.
186 u_int32_t d_acylinders; /* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
188 /* hardware characteristics: */
190 * d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
191 * in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
192 * Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the
193 * formatter or controller when formatting. When interleaving is
194 * in use, logically adjacent sectors are not physically
195 * contiguous, but instead are separated by some number of
196 * sectors. It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors
197 * traversed per logical sector. Thus an interleave of 1:1
198 * implies contiguous layout, while 2:1 implies that logical
199 * sector 0 is separated by one sector from logical sector 1.
200 * d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N relative to
201 * sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder. Finally, d_cylskew
202 * is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N relative to sector 0
205 u_int16_t d_rpm; /* rotational speed */
206 u_int16_t d_interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
207 u_int16_t d_trackskew; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
208 u_int16_t d_cylskew; /* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
209 u_int32_t d_headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
210 u_int32_t d_trkseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
211 u_int32_t d_flags; /* generic flags */
213 u_int32_t d_drivedata[NDDATA]; /* drive-type specific information */
215 u_int32_t d_spare[NSPARE]; /* reserved for future use */
216 u_int32_t d_magic2; /* the magic number (again) */
217 u_int16_t d_checksum; /* xor of data incl. partitions */
219 /* filesystem and partition information: */
220 u_int16_t d_npartitions; /* number of partitions in following */
221 u_int32_t d_bbsize; /* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
222 u_int32_t d_sbsize; /* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
223 struct partition { /* the partition table */
224 u_int32_t p_size; /* number of sectors in partition */
225 u_int32_t p_offset; /* starting sector */
226 u_int32_t p_fsize; /* filesystem basic fragment size */
227 u_int8_t p_fstype; /* filesystem type, see below */
228 u_int8_t p_frag; /* filesystem fragments per block */
230 u_int16_t cpg; /* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
231 u_int16_t sgs; /* LFS: FS segment shift */
233 #define p_cpg __partition_u1.cpg
234 #define p_sgs __partition_u1.sgs
235 } d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS]; /* actually may be more */
239 * offsets for asm boot files.
247 .set d_end_,276 /* size of disk label */
251 #define DTYPE_SMD 1 /* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
252 #define DTYPE_MSCP 2 /* MSCP */
253 #define DTYPE_DEC 3 /* other DEC (rk, rl) */
254 #define DTYPE_SCSI 4 /* SCSI */
255 #define DTYPE_ESDI 5 /* ESDI interface */
256 #define DTYPE_ST506 6 /* ST506 etc. */
257 #define DTYPE_HPIB 7 /* CS/80 on HP-IB */
258 #define DTYPE_HPFL 8 /* HP Fiber-link */
259 #define DTYPE_FLOPPY 10 /* floppy */
260 #define DTYPE_CCD 11 /* concatenated disk */
261 #define DTYPE_VINUM 12 /* vinum volume */
262 #define DTYPE_DOC2K 13 /* Msys DiskOnChip */
264 #if defined(PC98) && !defined(PC98_ATCOMPAT)
265 #define DSTYPE_SEC256 0x80 /* physical sector size=256 */
269 static char *dktypenames[] = {
286 #define DKMAXTYPES (sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
290 * Filesystem type and version.
291 * Used to interpret other filesystem-specific
292 * per-partition information.
294 #define FS_UNUSED 0 /* unused */
295 #define FS_SWAP 1 /* swap */
296 #define FS_V6 2 /* Sixth Edition */
297 #define FS_V7 3 /* Seventh Edition */
298 #define FS_SYSV 4 /* System V */
299 #define FS_V71K 5 /* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
300 #define FS_V8 6 /* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
301 #define FS_BSDFFS 7 /* 4.2BSD fast filesystem */
302 #define FS_MSDOS 8 /* MSDOS filesystem */
303 #define FS_BSDLFS 9 /* 4.4BSD log-structured filesystem */
304 #define FS_OTHER 10 /* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
305 #define FS_HPFS 11 /* OS/2 high-performance filesystem */
306 #define FS_ISO9660 12 /* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
307 #define FS_BOOT 13 /* partition contains bootstrap */
308 #define FS_VINUM 14 /* Vinum drive */
311 static char *fstypenames[] = {
329 #define FSMAXTYPES (sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
333 * flags shared by various drives:
335 #define D_REMOVABLE 0x01 /* removable media */
336 #define D_ECC 0x02 /* supports ECC */
337 #define D_BADSECT 0x04 /* supports bad sector forw. */
338 #define D_RAMDISK 0x08 /* disk emulator */
339 #define D_CHAIN 0x10 /* can do back-back transfers */
342 * Drive data for SMD.
344 #define d_smdflags d_drivedata[0]
345 #define D_SSE 0x1 /* supports skip sectoring */
346 #define d_mindist d_drivedata[1]
347 #define d_maxdist d_drivedata[2]
348 #define d_sdist d_drivedata[3]
351 * Drive data for ST506.
353 #define d_precompcyl d_drivedata[0]
354 #define d_gap3 d_drivedata[1] /* used only when formatting */
357 * Drive data for SCSI.
359 #define d_blind d_drivedata[0]
363 * Structure used to perform a format or other raw operation, returning
364 * data and/or register values. Register identification and format
365 * are device- and driver-dependent.
369 int df_count; /* value-result */
371 int df_reg[8]; /* result */
375 * Structure used internally to retrieve information about a partition
379 struct disklabel *disklab;
380 struct partition *part;
383 /* DOS partition table -- located in boot block */
385 #if defined(PC98) && !defined(PC98_ATCOMPAT)
386 #define DOSBBSECTOR 0 /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
387 #define DOSLABELSECTOR 1 /* 0: 256b/s, 1: 512b/s */
390 #define DOSPTYP_386BSD 0x94 /* 386BSD partition type */
391 #define MBR_PTYPE_FreeBSD 0x94 /* FreeBSD partition type */
393 struct dos_partition {
394 unsigned char dp_mid;
395 #define DOSMID_386BSD (0x14|0x80) /* 386bsd|bootable */
396 unsigned char dp_sid;
397 #define DOSSID_386BSD (0x44|0x80) /* 386bsd|active */
398 unsigned char dp_dum1;
399 unsigned char dp_dum2;
400 unsigned char dp_ipl_sct;
401 unsigned char dp_ipl_head;
402 unsigned short dp_ipl_cyl;
403 unsigned char dp_ssect; /* starting sector */
404 unsigned char dp_shd; /* starting head */
405 unsigned short dp_scyl; /* starting cylinder */
406 unsigned char dp_esect; /* end sector */
407 unsigned char dp_ehd; /* end head */
408 unsigned short dp_ecyl; /* end cylinder */
409 unsigned char dp_name[16];
413 #define DOSBBSECTOR 0 /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
414 #define DOSPARTOFF 446
416 #define DOSPTYP_386BSD 0xa5 /* 386BSD partition type */
418 struct dos_partition {
419 unsigned char dp_flag; /* bootstrap flags */
420 unsigned char dp_shd; /* starting head */
421 unsigned char dp_ssect; /* starting sector */
422 unsigned char dp_scyl; /* starting cylinder */
423 unsigned char dp_typ; /* partition type */
424 unsigned char dp_ehd; /* end head */
425 unsigned char dp_esect; /* end sector */
426 unsigned char dp_ecyl; /* end cylinder */
427 u_int32_t dp_start; /* absolute starting sector number */
428 u_int32_t dp_size; /* partition size in sectors */
432 #define DPSECT(s) ((s) & 0x3f) /* isolate relevant bits of sector */
433 #define DPCYL(c, s) ((c) + (((s) & 0xc0)<<2)) /* and those that are cylinder */
436 * Disk-specific ioctls.
438 /* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
439 #define DIOCGDINFO _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel)/* get */
440 #define DIOCSDINFO _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel)/* set */
441 #define DIOCWDINFO _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel)/* set, update disk */
442 #define DIOCGPART _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo) /* get partition */
444 #define DIOCWLABEL _IOW('d', 109, int) /* write en/disable label */
449 * XXX encoding of disk minor numbers, should be elsewhere.
451 * See <sys/reboot.h> for a possibly better encoding.
453 * "cpio -H newc" can be used to back up device files with large minor
454 * numbers (but not ones >= 2^31). Old cpio formats and all tar formats
455 * don't have enough bits, and cpio and tar don't notice the lossage.
456 * There are also some sign extension bugs.
461 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
462 _________________________________________________________________
463 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
464 -----------------------------------------------------------------
465 | TYPE |UNIT_2 | SLICE | MAJOR? | UNIT |PART |
466 -----------------------------------------------------------------
468 #define dkmakeminor(unit, slice, part) \e
469 (((slice) << 16) | (((unit) & 0x1e0) << 16) | \e
470 (((unit) & 0x1f) << 3) | (part))
471 static __inline dev_t
472 dkmodpart(dev_t dev, int part)
474 return (makedev(major(dev), (minor(dev) & ~7) | part));
477 static __inline dev_t
478 dkmodslice(dev_t dev, int slice)
480 return (makedev(major(dev), (minor(dev) & ~0x1f0000) | (slice << 16)));
483 #define dkpart(dev) (minor(dev) & 7)
484 #define dkslice(dev) ((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1f)
485 #define dktype(dev) ((minor(dev) >> 25) & 0x7f)
487 static __inline u_int
490 return (((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1e0) | ((minor(dev) >> 3) & 0x1f));
494 struct buf_queue_head;
496 int bounds_check_with_label(struct buf *bp, struct disklabel *lp,
498 void diskerr(struct buf *bp, char *what, int pri, int blkdone,
499 struct disklabel *lp);
500 void disksort(struct buf *ap, struct buf *bp);
501 u_int dkcksum struct disklabel *lp);
502 char *readdisklabel(dev_t dev, struct disklabel *lp);
503 void bufqdisksort(struct buf_queue_head *ap, struct buf *bp);
504 int setdisklabel(struct disklabel *olp, struct disklabel *nlp,
506 int writedisklabel(dev_t dev, struct disklabel *lp);
508 void alpha_fix_srm_checksum(struct buf *bp);
517 struct disklabel *getdiskbyname(const char *);
521 #endif /* !_SYS_DISKLABEL_H_ */