sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.c

   1 /*
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2009 Robert N. M. Watson
   5  * All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This software was developed at the University of Cambridge Computer
   8  * Laboratory with support from a grant from Google, Inc.
   9  *
  10  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
  11  * All rights reserved.
  12  *
  13  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
  14  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
  15  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
  16  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
  17  * research program.
  18  *
  19  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1992, 1993
  20  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  21  *
  22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  24  * are met:
  25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  30  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  31  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  32  *    without specific prior written permission.
  33  *
  34  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  35  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  36  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  37  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  38  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  39  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  40  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  41  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  42  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  43  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  44  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  45  */
  46
  47 #ifndef lint
  48 static const char copyright[] =
  49 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1992, 1993\n\
  50         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  51 #endif /* not lint */
  52
  53 #ifndef lint
  54 #if 0
  55 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dumpfs.c    8.5 (Berkeley) 4/29/95";
  56 #endif
  57 #endif /* not lint */
  58
  59 #include <sys/param.h>
  60 #include <sys/time.h>
  61 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
  62
  63 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
  64 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
  65
  66 #include <err.h>
  67 #include <errno.h>
  68 #include <fcntl.h>
  69 #include <fstab.h>
  70 #include <libufs.h>
  71 #include <paths.h>
  72 #include <stdint.h>
  73 #include <stdio.h>
  74 #include <stdlib.h>
  75 #include <string.h>
  76 #include <unistd.h>
  77
  78 #define afs     disk.d_fs
  79 #define acg     disk.d_cg
  80
  81 static struct uufsd disk;
  82
  83 static int      dumpfs(const char *, int);
  84 static int      dumpfsid(void);
  85 static int      dumpcg(void);
  86 static int      dumpfreespace(const char *, int);
  87 static void     dumpfreespacecg(int);
  88 static int      marshal(const char *);
  89 static void     pbits(void *, int);
  90 static void     pblklist(void *, int, off_t, int);
  91 static const char *ufserr(void);
  92 static void     usage(void) __dead2;
  93
  94 int
  95 main(int argc, char *argv[])
  96 {
  97         const char *name;
  98         int ch, dofreespace, domarshal, dolabel, dosb, eval;
  99
 100         dofreespace = domarshal = dolabel = dosb = eval = 0;
 101
 102         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "lfms")) != -1) {
 103                 switch (ch) {
 104                 case 'f':
 105                         dofreespace++;
 106                         break;
 107                 case 'm':
 108                         domarshal = 1;
 109                         break;
 110                 case 'l':
 111                         dolabel = 1;
 112                         break;
 113                 case 's':
 114                         dosb = 1;
 115                         break;
 116                 case '?':
 117                 default:
 118                         usage();
 119                 }
 120         }
 121         argc -= optind;
 122         argv += optind;
 123
 124         if (argc < 1)
 125                 usage();
 126         if (dofreespace && domarshal)
 127                 usage();
 128         if (dofreespace > 2)
 129                 usage();
 130
 131         while ((name = *argv++) != NULL) {
 132                 if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, name) == -1 ||
 133                     sbfind(&disk, 0) == -1) {
 134                         printf("\n%s: %s\n", name, ufserr());
 135                         eval |= 1;
 136                         continue;
 137                 }
 138                 if (dofreespace)
 139                         eval |= dumpfreespace(name, dofreespace);
 140                 else if (domarshal)
 141                         eval |= marshal(name);
 142                 else if (dolabel)
 143                         eval |= dumpfsid();
 144                 else
 145                         eval |= dumpfs(name, dosb);
 146                 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
 147         }
 148         exit(eval);
 149 }
 150
 151 static int
 152 dumpfsid(void)
 153 {
 154
 155         printf("%sufsid/%08x%08x\n", _PATH_DEV, afs.fs_id[0], afs.fs_id[1]);
 156         return 0;
 157 }
 158
 159 static int
 160 dumpfs(const char *name, int dosb)
 161 {
 162         time_t fstime, fsmtime;
 163         int64_t fssize;
 164         int32_t fsflags;
 165         int i, ret;
 166
 167         switch (disk.d_ufs) {
 168         case 2:
 169                 fssize = afs.fs_size;
 170                 fstime = afs.fs_time;
 171                 fsmtime = afs.fs_mtime;
 172                 printf("magic\t%x (UFS2)\n", afs.fs_magic);
 173                 printf("last mounted time\t%s", ctime(&fsmtime));
 174                 printf("last modified time\t%s", ctime(&fstime));
 175                 printf("superblock location\t%jd\tid\t[ %08x %08x ]\n",
 176                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_sblockloc, afs.fs_id[0], afs.fs_id[1]);
 177                 printf("ncg\t%d\tsize\t%jd\tblocks\t%jd\n",
 178                     afs.fs_ncg, (intmax_t)fssize, (intmax_t)afs.fs_dsize);
 179                 break;
 180         case 1:
 181                 fssize = afs.fs_old_size;
 182                 fstime = afs.fs_old_time;
 183                 printf("magic\t%x (UFS1)\ttime\t%s",
 184                     afs.fs_magic, ctime(&fstime));
 185                 printf("id\t[ %08x %08x ]\n", afs.fs_id[0], afs.fs_id[1]);
 186                 printf("ncg\t%d\tsize\t%jd\tblocks\t%jd\n",
 187                     afs.fs_ncg, (intmax_t)fssize, (intmax_t)afs.fs_dsize);
 188                 break;
 189         default:
 190                 printf("Unknown filesystem type %d\n", disk.d_ufs);
 191                 return (1);
 192         }
 193         printf("bsize\t%d\tshift\t%d\tmask\t0x%08x\n",
 194             afs.fs_bsize, afs.fs_bshift, afs.fs_bmask);
 195         printf("fsize\t%d\tshift\t%d\tmask\t0x%08x\n",
 196             afs.fs_fsize, afs.fs_fshift, afs.fs_fmask);
 197         printf("frag\t%d\tshift\t%d\tfsbtodb\t%d\n",
 198             afs.fs_frag, afs.fs_fragshift, afs.fs_fsbtodb);
 199         printf("minfree\t%d%%\toptim\t%s\tsymlinklen %d\n",
 200             afs.fs_minfree, afs.fs_optim == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time",
 201             afs.fs_maxsymlinklen);
 202         switch (disk.d_ufs) {
 203         case 2:
 204                 printf("%s %d\tmaxbpg\t%d\tmaxcontig %d\tcontigsumsize %d\n",
 205                     "maxbsize", afs.fs_maxbsize, afs.fs_maxbpg,
 206                     afs.fs_maxcontig, afs.fs_contigsumsize);
 207                 printf("nbfree\t%jd\tndir\t%jd\tnifree\t%jd\tnffree\t%jd\n",
 208                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
 209                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir,
 210                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
 211                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree);
 212                 printf("bpg\t%d\tfpg\t%d\tipg\t%d\tunrefs\t%jd\n",
 213                     afs.fs_fpg / afs.fs_frag, afs.fs_fpg, afs.fs_ipg,
 214                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_unrefs);
 215                 printf("nindir\t%d\tinopb\t%d\tmaxfilesize\t%ju\n",
 216                     afs.fs_nindir, afs.fs_inopb,
 217                     (uintmax_t)afs.fs_maxfilesize);
 218                 printf("sbsize\t%d\tcgsize\t%d\tcsaddr\t%jd\tcssize\t%d\n",
 219                     afs.fs_sbsize, afs.fs_cgsize, (intmax_t)afs.fs_csaddr,
 220                     afs.fs_cssize);
 221                 break;
 222         case 1:
 223                 printf("maxbpg\t%d\tmaxcontig %d\tcontigsumsize %d\n",
 224                     afs.fs_maxbpg, afs.fs_maxcontig, afs.fs_contigsumsize);
 225                 printf("nbfree\t%d\tndir\t%d\tnifree\t%d\tnffree\t%d\n",
 226                     afs.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree, afs.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir,
 227                     afs.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree, afs.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree);
 228                 printf("cpg\t%d\tbpg\t%d\tfpg\t%d\tipg\t%d\n",
 229                     afs.fs_old_cpg, afs.fs_fpg / afs.fs_frag, afs.fs_fpg,
 230                     afs.fs_ipg);
 231                 printf("nindir\t%d\tinopb\t%d\tnspf\t%d\tmaxfilesize\t%ju\n",
 232                     afs.fs_nindir, afs.fs_inopb, afs.fs_old_nspf,
 233                     (uintmax_t)afs.fs_maxfilesize);
 234                 printf("sbsize\t%d\tcgsize\t%d\tcgoffset %d\tcgmask\t0x%08x\n",
 235                     afs.fs_sbsize, afs.fs_cgsize, afs.fs_old_cgoffset,
 236                     afs.fs_old_cgmask);
 237                 printf("csaddr\t%jd\tcssize\t%d\n",
 238                     (intmax_t)afs.fs_csaddr, afs.fs_cssize);
 239                 printf("rotdelay %dms\trps\t%d\ttrackskew %d\tinterleave %d\n",
 240                     afs.fs_old_rotdelay, afs.fs_old_rps, afs.fs_old_trackskew,
 241                     afs.fs_old_interleave);
 242                 printf("nsect\t%d\tnpsect\t%d\tspc\t%d\n",
 243                     afs.fs_old_nsect, afs.fs_old_npsect, afs.fs_old_spc);
 244                 break;
 245         default:
 246                 printf("Unknown filesystem type %d\n", disk.d_ufs);
 247                 return (1);
 248         }
 249         printf("old_cpg\t%d\tsize_cg\t%zu\tCGSIZE\t%zu\n",
 250             afs.fs_old_cpg, sizeof(struct cg), CGSIZE(&afs));
 251         printf("sblkno\t%d\tcblkno\t%d\tiblkno\t%d\tdblkno\t%d\n",
 252             afs.fs_sblkno, afs.fs_cblkno, afs.fs_iblkno, afs.fs_dblkno);
 253         printf("cgrotor\t%d\tfmod\t%d\tronly\t%d\tclean\t%d\n",
 254             afs.fs_cgrotor, afs.fs_fmod, afs.fs_ronly, afs.fs_clean);
 255         printf("metaspace %jd\tavgfpdir %d\tavgfilesize %d\n",
 256             afs.fs_metaspace, afs.fs_avgfpdir, afs.fs_avgfilesize);
 257         printf("flags\t");
 258         if (afs.fs_old_flags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED)
 259                 fsflags = afs.fs_flags;
 260         else
 261                 fsflags = afs.fs_old_flags;
 262         if (fsflags == 0)
 263                 printf("none");
 264         if (fsflags & FS_UNCLEAN)
 265                 printf("unclean ");
 266         if (fsflags & FS_DOSOFTDEP)
 267                 printf("soft-updates%s ", (fsflags & FS_SUJ) ? "+journal" : "");
 268         if (fsflags & FS_NEEDSFSCK)
 269                 printf("needs-fsck-run ");
 270         if (fsflags & FS_INDEXDIRS)
 271                 printf("indexed-directories ");
 272         if (fsflags & FS_ACLS)
 273                 printf("acls ");
 274         if (fsflags & FS_MULTILABEL)
 275                 printf("multilabel ");
 276         if (fsflags & FS_GJOURNAL)
 277                 printf("gjournal ");
 278         if (fsflags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED)
 279                 printf("fs_flags-expanded ");
 280         if (fsflags & FS_NFS4ACLS)
 281                 printf("nfsv4acls ");
 282         if (fsflags & FS_TRIM)
 283                 printf("trim ");
 284         fsflags &= ~(FS_UNCLEAN | FS_DOSOFTDEP | FS_NEEDSFSCK | FS_METACKHASH |
 285                      FS_ACLS | FS_MULTILABEL | FS_GJOURNAL | FS_FLAGS_UPDATED |
 286                      FS_NFS4ACLS | FS_SUJ | FS_TRIM | FS_INDEXDIRS);
 287         if (fsflags != 0)
 288                 printf("unknown-flags (%#x)", fsflags);
 289         putchar('\n');
 290         if (afs.fs_flags & FS_METACKHASH) {
 291                 printf("check hashes\t");
 292                 fsflags = afs.fs_metackhash;
 293                 if (fsflags == 0)
 294                         printf("none");
 295                 if (fsflags & CK_SUPERBLOCK)
 296                         printf("superblock ");
 297                 if (fsflags & CK_CYLGRP)
 298                         printf("cylinder-groups ");
 299                 if (fsflags & CK_INODE)
 300                         printf("inodes ");
 301                 if (fsflags & CK_INDIR)
 302                         printf("indirect-blocks ");
 303                 if (fsflags & CK_DIR)
 304                         printf("directories ");
 305         }
 306         fsflags &= ~(CK_SUPERBLOCK | CK_CYLGRP | CK_INODE | CK_INDIR | CK_DIR);
 307         if (fsflags != 0)
 308                 printf("unknown flags (%#x)", fsflags);
 309         putchar('\n');
 310         printf("fsmnt\t%s\n", afs.fs_fsmnt);
 311         printf("volname\t%s\tswuid\t%ju\tprovidersize\t%ju\n",
 312                 afs.fs_volname, (uintmax_t)afs.fs_swuid,
 313                 (uintmax_t)afs.fs_providersize);
 314         printf("\ncs[].cs_(nbfree,ndir,nifree,nffree):\n\t");
 315         for (i = 0; i < afs.fs_ncg; i++) {
 316                 struct csum *cs = &afs.fs_cs(&afs, i);
 317                 if (i && i % 4 == 0)
 318                         printf("\n\t");
 319                 printf("(%d,%d,%d,%d) ",
 320                     cs->cs_nbfree, cs->cs_ndir, cs->cs_nifree, cs->cs_nffree);
 321         }
 322         printf("\n");
 323         if (fssize % afs.fs_fpg) {
 324                 if (disk.d_ufs == 1)
 325                         printf("cylinders in last group %d\n",
 326                             howmany(afs.fs_old_size % afs.fs_fpg,
 327                             afs.fs_old_spc / afs.fs_old_nspf));
 328                 printf("blocks in last group %ld\n\n",
 329                     (long)((fssize % afs.fs_fpg) / afs.fs_frag));
 330         }
 331         if (dosb)
 332                 return (0);
 333         ret = 0;
 334         while ((i = cgread(&disk)) != 0) {
 335                 if (i == -1) {
 336                         ret = 1;
 337                         printf("\ncg %d: %s\n", disk.d_lcg, ufserr());
 338                 } else if (dumpcg())
 339                         ret = 1;
 340         }
 341         return (ret);
 342 }
 343
 344 static int
 345 dumpcg(void)
 346 {
 347         time_t cgtime;
 348         off_t cur;
 349         int i, j;
 350
 351         printf("\ncg %d:\n", disk.d_lcg);
 352         cur = fsbtodb(&afs, cgtod(&afs, disk.d_lcg)) * disk.d_bsize;
 353         switch (disk.d_ufs) {
 354         case 2:
 355                 cgtime = acg.cg_time;
 356                 printf("magic\t%x\ttell\t%jx\ttime\t%s",
 357                     acg.cg_magic, (intmax_t)cur, ctime(&cgtime));
 358                 printf("cgx\t%d\tndblk\t%d\tniblk\t%d\tinitiblk %d\tunrefs %d\n",
 359                     acg.cg_cgx, acg.cg_ndblk, acg.cg_niblk, acg.cg_initediblk,
 360                     acg.cg_unrefs);
 361                 break;
 362         case 1:
 363                 cgtime = acg.cg_old_time;
 364                 printf("magic\t%x\ttell\t%jx\ttime\t%s",
 365                     acg.cg_magic, (intmax_t)cur, ctime(&cgtime));
 366                 printf("cgx\t%d\tncyl\t%d\tniblk\t%d\tndblk\t%d\n",
 367                     acg.cg_cgx, acg.cg_old_ncyl, acg.cg_old_niblk,
 368                     acg.cg_ndblk);
 369                 break;
 370         default:
 371                 break;
 372         }
 373         printf("nbfree\t%d\tndir\t%d\tnifree\t%d\tnffree\t%d\n",
 374             acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree, acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir,
 375             acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree, acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree);
 376         printf("rotor\t%d\tirotor\t%d\tfrotor\t%d\nfrsum",
 377             acg.cg_rotor, acg.cg_irotor, acg.cg_frotor);
 378         for (i = 1, j = 0; i < afs.fs_frag; i++) {
 379                 printf("\t%d", acg.cg_frsum[i]);
 380                 j += i * acg.cg_frsum[i];
 381         }
 382         printf("\nsum of frsum: %d", j);
 383         if (afs.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 384                 for (i = 1; i < afs.fs_contigsumsize; i++) {
 385                         if ((i - 1) % 8 == 0)
 386                                 printf("\nclusters %d-%d:", i,
 387                                     MIN(afs.fs_contigsumsize - 1, i + 7));
 388                         printf("\t%d", cg_clustersum(&acg)[i]);
 389                 }
 390                 printf("\nclusters size %d and over: %d\n",
 391                     afs.fs_contigsumsize,
 392                     cg_clustersum(&acg)[afs.fs_contigsumsize]);
 393                 printf("clusters free:\t");
 394                 pbits(cg_clustersfree(&acg), acg.cg_nclusterblks);
 395         } else
 396                 printf("\n");
 397         printf("inodes used:\t");
 398         pbits(cg_inosused(&acg), afs.fs_ipg);
 399         printf("blks free:\t");
 400         pbits(cg_blksfree(&acg), afs.fs_fpg);
 401         return (0);
 402 }
 403
 404 static int
 405 dumpfreespace(const char *name, int fflag)
 406 {
 407         intmax_t startblkno;
 408         int i, ret;
 409
 410         ret = 0;
 411         while ((i = cgread(&disk)) != 0) {
 412                 if (i != -1) {
 413                         dumpfreespacecg(fflag);
 414                 } else {
 415                         startblkno = disk.d_lcg * afs.fs_fpg;
 416                         printf("\nBlocks %jd-%jd of cg %d skipped: %s\n",
 417                             startblkno, startblkno + afs.fs_fpg - 1,
 418                             disk.d_lcg, ufserr());
 419                         ret = 1;
 420                 }
 421         }
 422         return (ret);
 423 }
 424
 425 static void
 426 dumpfreespacecg(int fflag)
 427 {
 428
 429         pblklist(cg_blksfree(&acg), afs.fs_fpg, disk.d_lcg * afs.fs_fpg,
 430             fflag);
 431 }
 432
 433 static int
 434 marshal(const char *name)
 435 {
 436         struct fs *fs;
 437
 438         fs = &disk.d_fs;
 439
 440         printf("# newfs command for %s (%s)\n", name, disk.d_name);
 441         printf("newfs ");
 442         if (fs->fs_volname[0] != '\0')
 443                 printf("-L %s ", fs->fs_volname);
 444         printf("-O %d ", disk.d_ufs);
 445         if (fs->fs_flags & FS_DOSOFTDEP)
 446                 printf("-U ");
 447         printf("-a %d ", fs->fs_maxcontig);
 448         printf("-b %d ", fs->fs_bsize);
 449         /* -c is dumb */
 450         printf("-d %d ", fs->fs_maxbsize);
 451         printf("-e %d ", fs->fs_maxbpg);
 452         printf("-f %d ", fs->fs_fsize);
 453         printf("-g %d ", fs->fs_avgfilesize);
 454         printf("-h %d ", fs->fs_avgfpdir);
 455         printf("-i %jd ", fragroundup(fs, lblktosize(fs, fragstoblks(fs,
 456             fs->fs_fpg)) / fs->fs_ipg));
 457         if (fs->fs_flags & FS_SUJ)
 458                 printf("-j ");
 459         if (fs->fs_flags & FS_GJOURNAL)
 460                 printf("-J ");
 461         printf("-k %jd ", fs->fs_metaspace);
 462         if (fs->fs_flags & FS_MULTILABEL)
 463                 printf("-l ");
 464         printf("-m %d ", fs->fs_minfree);
 465         /* -n unimplemented */
 466         printf("-o ");
 467         switch (fs->fs_optim) {
 468         case FS_OPTSPACE:
 469                 printf("space ");
 470                 break;
 471         case FS_OPTTIME:
 472                 printf("time ");
 473                 break;
 474         default:
 475                 printf("unknown ");
 476                 break;
 477         }
 478         /* -p..r unimplemented */
 479         printf("-s %jd ", (intmax_t)fsbtodb(fs, fs->fs_size));
 480         if (fs->fs_flags & FS_TRIM)
 481                 printf("-t ");
 482         printf("%s ", disk.d_name);
 483         printf("\n");
 484
 485         return 0;
 486 }
 487
 488 static void
 489 pbits(void *vp, int max)
 490 {
 491         int i;
 492         char *p;
 493         int count, j;
 494
 495         for (count = i = 0, p = vp; i < max; i++)
 496                 if (isset(p, i)) {
 497                         if (count)
 498                                 printf(",%s", count % 6 ? " " : "\n\t");
 499                         count++;
 500                         printf("%d", i);
 501                         j = i;
 502                         while ((i+1)<max && isset(p, i+1))
 503                                 i++;
 504                         if (i != j)
 505                                 printf("-%d", i);
 506                 }
 507         printf("\n");
 508 }
 509
 510 static void
 511 pblklist(void *vp, int max, off_t offset, int fflag)
 512 {
 513         int i, j;
 514         char *p;
 515
 516         for (i = 0, p = vp; i < max; i++) {
 517                 if (isset(p, i)) {
 518                         printf("%jd", (intmax_t)(i + offset));
 519                         if (fflag < 2) {
 520                                 j = i;
 521                                 while ((i+1)<max && isset(p, i+1))
 522                                         i++;
 523                                 if (i != j)
 524                                         printf("-%jd", (intmax_t)(i + offset));
 525                         }
 526                         printf("\n");
 527                 }
 528         }
 529 }
 530
 531 static const char *
 532 ufserr(void)
 533 {
 534         if (disk.d_error != NULL)
 535                 return(disk.d_error);
 536         if (errno)
 537                 return (strerror(errno));
 538         return ("unknown error");
 539 }
 540
 541 static void
 542 usage(void)
 543 {
 544         (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: dumpfs [-flm] filesys | device\n");
 545         exit(1);
 546 }