2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
4 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20 * without specific prior written permission.
22 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 static const char copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/15/93";
45 static const char rcsid[] =
49 #include <sys/param.h>
50 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
52 #include <sys/mount.h>
53 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
72 #include <sys/reboot.h>
82 #include <login_cap.h>
86 #include "pathnames.h"
89 * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
91 #define GETTY_SPACING 5 /* N secs minimum getty spacing */
92 #define GETTY_SLEEP 30 /* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
93 #define GETTY_NSPACE 3 /* max. spacing count to bring reaction */
94 #define WINDOW_WAIT 3 /* wait N secs after starting window */
95 #define STALL_TIMEOUT 30 /* wait N secs after warning */
96 #define DEATH_WATCH 10 /* wait N secs for procs to die */
97 #define DEATH_SCRIPT 120 /* wait for 2min for /etc/rc.shutdown */
98 #define RESOURCE_RC "daemon"
99 #define RESOURCE_WINDOW "default"
100 #define RESOURCE_GETTY "default"
102 static void handle(sig_t, ...);
103 static void delset(sigset_t *, ...);
105 static void stall(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
106 static void warning(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
107 static void emergency(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
108 static void disaster(int);
109 static void badsys(int);
110 static void revoke_ttys(void);
111 static int runshutdown(void);
112 static char *strk(char *);
115 * We really need a recursive typedef...
116 * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
117 * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
119 typedef long (*state_func_t)(void);
120 typedef state_func_t (*state_t)(void);
122 static state_func_t single_user(void);
123 static state_func_t runcom(void);
124 static state_func_t read_ttys(void);
125 static state_func_t multi_user(void);
126 static state_func_t clean_ttys(void);
127 static state_func_t catatonia(void);
128 static state_func_t death(void);
129 static state_func_t death_single(void);
130 static state_func_t reroot(void);
131 static state_func_t reroot_phase_two(void);
133 static state_func_t run_script(const char *);
135 static enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
139 static int Reboot = FALSE;
140 static int howto = RB_AUTOBOOT;
143 static char *init_path_argv0;
145 static void transition(state_t);
146 static state_t requested_transition;
147 static state_t current_state = death_single;
149 static void execute_script(char *argv[]);
150 static void open_console(void);
151 static const char *get_shell(void);
152 static void replace_init(char *path);
153 static void write_stderr(const char *message);
155 typedef struct init_session {
156 pid_t se_process; /* controlling process */
157 time_t se_started; /* used to avoid thrashing */
158 int se_flags; /* status of session */
159 #define SE_SHUTDOWN 0x1 /* session won't be restarted */
160 #define SE_PRESENT 0x2 /* session is in /etc/ttys */
161 #define SE_IFEXISTS 0x4 /* session defined as "onifexists" */
162 #define SE_IFCONSOLE 0x8 /* session defined as "onifconsole" */
163 int se_nspace; /* spacing count */
164 char *se_device; /* filename of port */
165 char *se_getty; /* what to run on that port */
166 char *se_getty_argv_space; /* pre-parsed argument array space */
167 char **se_getty_argv; /* pre-parsed argument array */
168 char *se_window; /* window system (started only once) */
169 char *se_window_argv_space; /* pre-parsed argument array space */
170 char **se_window_argv; /* pre-parsed argument array */
171 char *se_type; /* default terminal type */
172 struct init_session *se_prev;
173 struct init_session *se_next;
176 static void free_session(session_t *);
177 static session_t *new_session(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
178 static session_t *sessions;
180 static char **construct_argv(char *);
181 static void start_window_system(session_t *);
182 static void collect_child(pid_t);
183 static pid_t start_getty(session_t *);
184 static void transition_handler(int);
185 static void alrm_handler(int);
186 static void setsecuritylevel(int);
187 static int getsecuritylevel(void);
188 static int setupargv(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
190 static void setprocresources(const char *);
194 static int start_session_db(void);
195 static void add_session(session_t *);
196 static void del_session(session_t *);
197 static session_t *find_session(pid_t);
198 static DB *session_db;
201 * The mother of all processes.
204 main(int argc, char *argv[])
206 state_t initial_transition = runcom;
207 char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
212 /* Dispose of random users. */
214 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
216 /* System V users like to reexec init. */
218 #ifdef COMPAT_SYSV_INIT
219 /* So give them what they want */
221 if (strlen(argv[1]) == 1) {
222 char runlevel = *argv[1];
226 case '0': /* halt + poweroff */
229 case '1': /* single-user */
232 case '6': /* reboot */
235 case 'c': /* block further logins */
238 case 'q': /* rescan /etc/ttys */
241 case 'r': /* remount root */
251 errx(1, "invalid run-level ``%s''", argv[1]);
254 errx(1, "already running");
257 init_path_argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
258 if (init_path_argv0 == NULL)
262 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
263 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
265 openlog("init", LOG_CONS, LOG_AUTH);
268 * Create an initial session.
270 if (setsid() < 0 && (errno != EPERM || getsid(0) != 1))
271 warning("initial setsid() failed: %m");
274 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
275 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
277 if (setlogin("root") < 0)
278 warning("setlogin() failed: %m");
281 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
282 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
284 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dsfr")) != -1)
290 initial_transition = single_user;
293 runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
296 initial_transition = reroot_phase_two;
299 warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
304 warning("ignoring excess arguments");
307 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
308 * so that they get reset on exec.
310 handle(badsys, SIGSYS, 0);
311 handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGXCPU,
313 handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
314 SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGWINCH, 0);
315 handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
317 delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
318 SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
319 SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGWINCH, 0);
320 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
321 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
323 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
324 sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, NULL);
325 sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, NULL);
334 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_exec", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
335 replace_init(kenv_value);
336 _exit(0); /* reboot */
339 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_script", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
340 state_func_t next_transition;
342 if ((next_transition = run_script(kenv_value)) != NULL)
343 initial_transition = (state_t) next_transition;
346 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_chroot", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
347 if (chdir(kenv_value) != 0 || chroot(".") != 0)
348 warning("Can't chroot to %s: %m", kenv_value);
352 * Additional check if devfs needs to be mounted:
353 * If "/" and "/dev" have the same device number,
354 * then it hasn't been mounted yet.
361 root_devno = stst.st_dev;
362 if (stat("/dev", &stst) != 0)
363 warning("Can't stat /dev: %m");
364 else if (stst.st_dev == root_devno)
373 char _fstype[] = "fstype";
374 char _devfs[] = "devfs";
375 char _fspath[] = "fspath";
376 char _path_dev[]= _PATH_DEV;
378 iov[0].iov_base = _fstype;
379 iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(_fstype);
380 iov[1].iov_base = _devfs;
381 iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(_devfs);
382 iov[2].iov_base = _fspath;
383 iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(_fspath);
385 * Try to avoid the trailing slash in _PATH_DEV.
386 * Be *very* defensive.
388 s = strdup(_PATH_DEV);
391 if (i > 0 && s[i - 1] == '/')
394 iov[3].iov_len = strlen(s) + 1;
396 iov[3].iov_base = _path_dev;
397 iov[3].iov_len = sizeof(_path_dev);
404 if (initial_transition != reroot_phase_two) {
406 * Unmount reroot leftovers. This runs after init(8)
407 * gets reexecuted after reroot_phase_two() is done.
409 error = unmount(_PATH_REROOT, MNT_FORCE);
410 if (error != 0 && errno != EINVAL)
411 warning("Cannot unmount %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT);
415 * Start the state machine.
417 transition(initial_transition);
420 * Should never reach here.
426 * Associate a function with a signal handler.
429 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
433 sigset_t mask_everything;
435 va_start(ap, handler);
437 sa.sa_handler = handler;
438 sigfillset(&mask_everything);
440 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
441 sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
442 /* XXX SA_RESTART? */
443 sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
444 sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
450 * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
453 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
459 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
460 sigdelset(maskp, sig);
465 * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
466 * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
467 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
470 stall(const char *message, ...)
473 va_start(ap, message);
475 vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
477 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
481 * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
482 * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
483 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
486 warning(const char *message, ...)
489 va_start(ap, message);
491 vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
496 * Log an emergency message.
497 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
500 emergency(const char *message, ...)
503 va_start(ap, message);
505 vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
510 * Catch a SIGSYS signal.
512 * These may arise if a system does not support sysctl.
513 * We tolerate up to 25 of these, then throw in the towel.
518 static int badcount = 0;
526 * Catch an unexpected signal.
532 emergency("fatal signal: %s",
533 (unsigned)sig < NSIG ? sys_siglist[sig] : "unknown signal");
535 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
536 _exit(sig); /* reboot */
540 * Get the security level of the kernel.
543 getsecuritylevel(void)
545 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
546 int name[2], curlevel;
550 name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
551 len = sizeof curlevel;
552 if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
553 emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %s",
564 * Set the security level of the kernel.
567 setsecuritylevel(int newlevel)
569 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
570 int name[2], curlevel;
572 curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
573 if (newlevel == curlevel)
576 name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
577 if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
579 "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %s",
580 curlevel, newlevel, strerror(errno));
584 warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
591 * Change states in the finite state machine.
592 * The initial state is passed as an argument.
595 transition(state_t s)
600 current_state = (state_t) (*current_state)();
604 * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
605 * Only called by children of init after forking.
613 * Try to open /dev/console. Open the device with O_NONBLOCK to
614 * prevent potential blocking on a carrier.
616 revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
617 if ((fd = open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK)) != -1) {
618 (void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) & ~O_NONBLOCK);
619 if (login_tty(fd) == 0)
624 /* No luck. Log output to file if possible. */
625 if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
626 stall("cannot open null device.");
629 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
630 dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
633 fd = open(_PATH_INITLOG, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0644);
635 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
636 else if (fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
637 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
640 dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
646 static char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
648 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_shell", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0)
655 write_stderr(const char *message)
658 write(STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
662 read_file(const char *path, void **bufp, size_t *bufsizep)
670 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
672 emergency("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
676 error = fstat(fd, &sb);
678 emergency("fstat: %s", strerror(errno));
683 bufsize = sb.st_size;
684 buf = malloc(bufsize);
686 emergency("malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
691 nbytes = read(fd, buf, bufsize);
692 if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
693 emergency("read: %s", strerror(errno));
701 emergency("close: %s", strerror(errno));
713 create_file(const char *path, const void *buf, size_t bufsize)
718 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0700);
720 emergency("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
724 nbytes = write(fd, buf, bufsize);
725 if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
726 emergency("write: %s", strerror(errno));
733 emergency("close: %s", strerror(errno));
741 mount_tmpfs(const char *fspath)
749 memset(errmsg, 0, sizeof(errmsg));
750 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fstype",
751 __DECONST(void *, "tmpfs"), (size_t)-1);
752 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fspath",
753 __DECONST(void *, fspath), (size_t)-1);
754 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "errmsg",
755 errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
757 error = nmount(iov, iovlen, 0);
759 if (*errmsg != '\0') {
760 emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s: %s",
761 fspath, errmsg, strerror(errno));
763 emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s",
764 fspath, strerror(errno));
785 * Make sure nobody can interfere with our scheme.
786 * Ignore ESRCH, which can apparently happen when
787 * there are no processes to kill.
789 error = kill(-1, SIGKILL);
790 if (error != 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
791 emergency("kill(2) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
796 * Copy the init binary into tmpfs, so that we can unmount
797 * the old rootfs without committing suicide.
799 error = read_file(init_path_argv0, &buf, &bufsize);
802 error = mount_tmpfs(_PATH_REROOT);
805 error = create_file(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, buf, bufsize);
810 * Execute the temporary init.
812 execl(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, _PATH_REROOT_INIT, "-r", NULL);
813 emergency("cannot exec %s: %s", _PATH_REROOT_INIT, strerror(errno));
816 emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
818 return (state_func_t) single_user;
822 reroot_phase_two(void)
824 char init_path[PATH_MAX], *path, *path_component;
825 size_t init_path_len;
829 * Ask the kernel to mount the new rootfs.
831 error = reboot(RB_REROOT);
833 emergency("RB_REBOOT failed: %s", strerror(errno));
838 * Figure out where the destination init(8) binary is. Note that
839 * the path could be different than what we've started with. Use
840 * the value from kenv, if set, or the one from sysctl otherwise.
841 * The latter defaults to a hardcoded value, but can be overridden
842 * by a build time option.
844 nbytes = kenv(KENV_GET, "init_path", init_path, sizeof(init_path));
846 init_path_len = sizeof(init_path);
847 error = sysctlbyname("kern.init_path",
848 init_path, &init_path_len, NULL, 0);
850 emergency("failed to retrieve kern.init_path: %s",
857 * Repeat the init search logic from sys/kern/init_path.c
859 path_component = init_path;
860 while ((path = strsep(&path_component, ":")) != NULL) {
862 * Execute init(8) from the new rootfs.
864 execl(path, path, NULL);
866 emergency("cannot exec init from %s: %s", init_path, strerror(errno));
869 emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
870 return (state_func_t) single_user;
874 * Bring the system up single user.
884 struct timeval tv, tn;
888 static const char banner[] =
889 "Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n";
890 char *clear, *password;
897 /* Instead of going single user, let's reboot the machine */
899 if (reboot(howto) == -1) {
900 emergency("reboot(%#x) failed, %s", howto,
902 _exit(1); /* panic and reboot */
904 warning("reboot(%#x) returned", howto);
905 _exit(0); /* panic as well */
910 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
912 * Start the single user session.
918 * Check the root password.
919 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
920 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
922 typ = getttynam("console");
923 pp = getpwnam("root");
924 if (typ && (typ->ty_status & TTY_SECURE) == 0 &&
925 pp && *pp->pw_passwd) {
926 write_stderr(banner);
928 clear = getpass("Password:");
929 if (clear == NULL || *clear == '\0')
931 password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
932 bzero(clear, _PASSWORD_LEN);
933 if (password != NULL &&
934 strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
936 warning("single-user login failed\n");
948 #define SHREQUEST "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for "
949 write_stderr(SHREQUEST);
952 while ((num = read(STDIN_FILENO, cp, 1)) != -1 &&
953 num != 0 && *cp != '\n' && cp < &altshell[127])
956 if (altshell[0] != '\0')
959 #endif /* DEBUGSHELL */
963 * We catch all the interesting ones,
964 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
967 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
971 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
979 emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
980 execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
981 emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
982 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
988 * We are seriously hosed. Do our best.
990 emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
991 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
993 return (state_func_t) single_user;
996 requested_transition = 0;
998 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1003 warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
1004 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1006 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1007 warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
1011 } while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
1013 if (requested_transition)
1014 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1016 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1017 if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
1019 * reboot(8) killed shell?
1021 warning("single user shell terminated.");
1022 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1024 tv.tv_sec += STALL_TIMEOUT;
1025 while (tv.tv_sec > tn.tv_sec || (tv.tv_sec ==
1026 tn.tv_sec && tv.tv_usec > tn.tv_usec)) {
1028 gettimeofday(&tn, NULL);
1032 warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
1033 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1037 runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
1038 return (state_func_t) runcom;
1042 * Run the system startup script.
1047 state_func_t next_transition;
1049 if ((next_transition = run_script(_PATH_RUNCOM)) != NULL)
1050 return next_transition;
1052 runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT; /* the default */
1053 return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
1057 execute_script(char *argv[])
1059 struct sigaction sa;
1060 const char *shell, *script;
1063 bzero(&sa, sizeof(sa));
1064 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1065 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1066 sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, NULL);
1067 sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
1071 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, NULL);
1073 setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1077 * Try to directly execute the script first. If it
1078 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1079 * to sh(1). Don't complain if it fails because of
1080 * the missing execute bit.
1083 error = access(script, X_OK);
1085 execv(script, argv + 1);
1086 warning("can't directly exec %s: %m", script);
1087 } else if (errno != EACCES) {
1088 warning("can't access %s: %m", script);
1091 shell = get_shell();
1093 stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, script);
1097 * Execute binary, replacing init(8) as PID 1.
1100 replace_init(char *path)
1109 execute_script(argv);
1113 * Run a shell script.
1114 * Returns 0 on success, otherwise the next transition to enter:
1115 * - single_user if fork/execv/waitpid failed, or if the script
1116 * terminated with a signal or exit code != 0.
1117 * - death_single if a SIGTERM was delivered to init(8).
1120 run_script(const char *script)
1127 shell = get_shell();
1129 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1132 char _autoboot[] = "autoboot";
1135 argv[1] = __DECONST(char *, script);
1136 argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? _autoboot : 0;
1139 execute_script(argv);
1140 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1141 _exit(1); /* force single user mode */
1145 emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, script);
1146 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1148 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1149 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1153 * Copied from single_user(). This is a bit paranoid.
1155 requested_transition = 0;
1157 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1158 collect_child(wpid);
1160 if (requested_transition == death_single ||
1161 requested_transition == reroot)
1162 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1165 warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1166 "single user mode", shell, script);
1167 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1169 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1170 warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1175 } while (wpid != pid);
1177 if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1178 requested_transition == catatonia) {
1179 /* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
1187 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1188 warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single "
1189 "user mode", shell, script);
1190 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1193 if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
1194 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1196 return (state_func_t) 0;
1200 * Open the session database.
1202 * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
1205 start_session_db(void)
1207 if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
1208 emergency("session database close: %s", strerror(errno));
1209 if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == NULL) {
1210 emergency("session database open: %s", strerror(errno));
1218 * Add a new login session.
1221 add_session(session_t *sp)
1226 key.data = &sp->se_process;
1227 key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1229 data.size = sizeof sp;
1231 if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
1232 emergency("insert %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
1236 * Delete an old login session.
1239 del_session(session_t *sp)
1243 key.data = &sp->se_process;
1244 key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1246 if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
1247 emergency("delete %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
1251 * Look up a login session by pid.
1254 find_session(pid_t pid)
1261 key.size = sizeof pid;
1262 if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
1264 bcopy(data.data, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret));
1269 * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
1272 construct_argv(char *command)
1275 char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
1278 if ((argv[argc++] = strk(command)) == NULL) {
1282 while ((argv[argc++] = strk((char *) 0)) != NULL)
1288 * Deallocate a session descriptor.
1291 free_session(session_t *sp)
1293 free(sp->se_device);
1296 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1297 free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1299 if (sp->se_window) {
1300 free(sp->se_window);
1301 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1302 free(sp->se_window_argv);
1310 * Allocate a new session descriptor.
1311 * Mark it SE_PRESENT.
1314 new_session(session_t *sprev, struct ttyent *typ)
1318 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1319 typ->ty_name == 0 ||
1323 sp = (session_t *) calloc(1, sizeof (session_t));
1325 sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1327 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFEXISTS) != 0)
1328 sp->se_flags |= SE_IFEXISTS;
1330 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFCONSOLE) != 0)
1331 sp->se_flags |= SE_IFCONSOLE;
1333 if (asprintf(&sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1336 if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1342 if (sprev == NULL) {
1346 sprev->se_next = sp;
1347 sp->se_prev = sprev;
1354 * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
1357 setupargv(session_t *sp, struct ttyent *typ)
1362 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1363 free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1365 if (asprintf(&sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1367 sp->se_getty_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_getty);
1368 sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1369 if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
1370 warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
1372 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1373 sp->se_getty = sp->se_getty_argv_space = 0;
1376 if (sp->se_window) {
1377 free(sp->se_window);
1378 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1379 free(sp->se_window_argv);
1381 sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1382 sp->se_window_argv = 0;
1383 if (typ->ty_window) {
1384 sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
1385 sp->se_window_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_window);
1386 sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1387 if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
1388 warning("can't parse window for port %s",
1390 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1391 free(sp->se_window);
1392 sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1398 sp->se_type = typ->ty_type ? strdup(typ->ty_type) : 0;
1403 * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1408 session_t *sp, *snext;
1412 * Destroy any previous session state.
1413 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1415 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1416 snext = sp->se_next;
1420 if (start_session_db())
1421 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1424 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1425 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1427 while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1428 if ((snext = new_session(sp, typ)) != NULL)
1433 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1437 * Start a window system running.
1440 start_window_system(session_t *sp)
1444 char term[64], *env[2];
1447 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1448 emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1450 /* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1454 waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
1458 /* reparent window process to the init to not make a zombie on exit */
1459 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1460 emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1468 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
1471 emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1474 setprocresources(RESOURCE_WINDOW);
1477 /* Don't use malloc after fork */
1478 strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1479 strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1485 execve(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv, env);
1486 stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1487 sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1492 * Start a login session running.
1495 start_getty(session_t *sp)
1499 time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1501 char term[64], *env[2];
1503 if (current_time >= sp->se_started &&
1504 current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1505 if (++sp->se_nspace > GETTY_NSPACE) {
1513 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1515 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1516 emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1524 warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping %d secs",
1525 sp->se_device, GETTY_SLEEP);
1526 sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1529 if (sp->se_window) {
1530 start_window_system(sp);
1535 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
1538 setprocresources(RESOURCE_GETTY);
1541 /* Don't use malloc after fork */
1542 strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1543 strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1548 execve(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv, env);
1549 stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1550 sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1555 * Return 1 if the session is defined as "onifexists"
1556 * or "onifconsole" and the device node does not exist.
1559 session_has_no_tty(session_t *sp)
1563 if ((sp->se_flags & SE_IFEXISTS) == 0 &&
1564 (sp->se_flags & SE_IFCONSOLE) == 0)
1567 fd = open(sp->se_device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
1569 if (errno == ENOENT)
1579 * Collect exit status for a child.
1580 * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1583 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1585 session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1590 if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1596 if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN ||
1597 session_has_no_tty(sp)) {
1598 if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1599 sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1601 sessions = sp->se_next;
1602 if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1603 snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1608 if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1609 /* serious trouble */
1610 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1614 sp->se_process = pid;
1615 sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1620 * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1623 transition_handler(int sig)
1628 if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1629 current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1630 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1633 howto = RB_POWEROFF;
1638 if (sig == SIGWINCH)
1639 howto |= RB_POWERCYCLE;
1642 if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1643 current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1644 requested_transition = death;
1646 requested_transition = death_single;
1649 if (current_state == runcom || current_state == read_ttys ||
1650 current_state == clean_ttys ||
1651 current_state == multi_user || current_state == catatonia)
1652 requested_transition = catatonia;
1655 requested_transition = reroot;
1658 requested_transition = 0;
1664 * Take the system multiuser.
1672 requested_transition = 0;
1675 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1676 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1677 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1678 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1680 if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1681 setsecuritylevel(1);
1683 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1686 if (session_has_no_tty(sp))
1688 if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1689 /* serious trouble */
1690 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1693 sp->se_process = pid;
1694 sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1698 while (!requested_transition)
1699 if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1702 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1706 * This is an (n*2)+(n^2) algorithm. We hope it isn't run often...
1711 session_t *sp, *sprev;
1714 char *old_getty, *old_window, *old_type;
1717 * mark all sessions for death, (!SE_PRESENT)
1718 * as we find or create new ones they'll be marked as keepers,
1719 * we'll later nuke all the ones not found in /etc/ttys
1721 for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next)
1722 sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1724 devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1725 while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1726 for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1727 if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1731 /* we want this one to live */
1732 sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1733 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1734 typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1735 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1736 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1739 sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1740 old_getty = sp->se_getty ? strdup(sp->se_getty) : 0;
1741 old_window = sp->se_window ? strdup(sp->se_window) : 0;
1742 old_type = sp->se_type ? strdup(sp->se_type) : 0;
1743 if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1744 warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1746 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1747 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1749 else if ( !old_getty
1750 || (!old_type && sp->se_type)
1751 || (old_type && !sp->se_type)
1752 || (!old_window && sp->se_window)
1753 || (old_window && !sp->se_window)
1754 || (strcmp(old_getty, sp->se_getty) != 0)
1755 || (old_window && strcmp(old_window, sp->se_window) != 0)
1756 || (old_type && strcmp(old_type, sp->se_type) != 0)
1758 /* Don't set SE_SHUTDOWN here */
1761 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1772 new_session(sprev, typ);
1778 * sweep through and kill all deleted sessions
1779 * ones who's /etc/ttys line was deleted (SE_PRESENT unset)
1781 for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next) {
1782 if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1783 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1784 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1788 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1792 * Block further logins.
1799 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1800 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1802 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1809 alrm_handler(int sig)
1817 * Bring the system down to single user.
1825 /* Temporarily block suspend. */
1826 len = sizeof(blocked);
1828 if (sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", &blocked, &len,
1829 &block, sizeof(block)) == -1)
1833 * Also revoke the TTY here. Because runshutdown() may reopen
1834 * the TTY whose getty we're killing here, there is no guarantee
1835 * runshutdown() will perform the initial open() call, causing
1836 * the terminal attributes to be misconfigured.
1840 /* Try to run the rc.shutdown script within a period of time */
1843 /* Unblock suspend if we blocked it. */
1845 sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", NULL, NULL,
1846 &blocked, sizeof(blocked));
1848 return (state_func_t) death_single;
1852 * Do what is necessary to reinitialize single user mode or reboot
1853 * from an incomplete state.
1860 static const int death_sigs[2] = { SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1862 revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
1864 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
1865 if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1866 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1871 if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1873 while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1875 if (errno == ECHILD)
1876 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1879 warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1881 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1889 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1890 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1891 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1892 revoke(sp->se_device);
1897 * Run the system shutdown script.
1899 * Exit codes: XXX I should document more
1900 * -2 shutdown script terminated abnormally
1901 * -1 fatal error - can't run script
1903 * >0 some error (exit code)
1910 int shutdowntimeout;
1916 * rc.shutdown is optional, so to prevent any unnecessary
1917 * complaints from the shell we simply don't run it if the
1918 * file does not exist. If the stat() here fails for other
1919 * reasons, we'll let the shell complain.
1921 if (stat(_PATH_RUNDOWN, &sb) == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
1924 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1926 char _reboot[] = "reboot";
1927 char _single[] = "single";
1928 char _path_rundown[] = _PATH_RUNDOWN;
1931 argv[1] = _path_rundown;
1932 argv[2] = Reboot ? _reboot : _single;
1935 execute_script(argv);
1936 _exit(1); /* force single user mode */
1940 emergency("can't fork for %s: %m", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1941 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1943 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1947 len = sizeof(shutdowntimeout);
1948 if (sysctlbyname("kern.init_shutdown_timeout", &shutdowntimeout, &len,
1949 NULL, 0) == -1 || shutdowntimeout < 2)
1950 shutdowntimeout = DEATH_SCRIPT;
1951 alarm(shutdowntimeout);
1954 * Copied from single_user(). This is a bit paranoid.
1955 * Use the same ALRM handler.
1958 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1959 collect_child(wpid);
1961 /* we were waiting for the sub-shell */
1962 kill(wpid, SIGTERM);
1963 warning("timeout expired for %s: %m; going to "
1964 "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1970 warning("wait for %s failed: %m; going to "
1971 "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1974 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1975 warning("init: %s stopped, restarting\n",
1980 } while (wpid != pid && !clang);
1982 /* Turn off the alarm */
1985 if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1986 requested_transition == catatonia) {
1988 * /etc/rc.shutdown executed /sbin/reboot;
1989 * wait for the end quietly
1998 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1999 warning("%s terminated abnormally, going to "
2000 "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
2004 if ((status = WEXITSTATUS(status)) != 0)
2005 warning("%s returned status %d", _PATH_RUNDOWN, status);
2023 while (c == ' ' || c == '\t' )
2033 while (c && c != '\'')
2035 if (!c) /* unterminated string */
2040 while (c && c != ' ' && c != '\t' )
2051 setprocresources(const char *cname)
2054 if ((lc = login_getclassbyname(cname, NULL)) != NULL) {
2055 setusercontext(lc, (struct passwd*)NULL, 0,
2057 LOGIN_SETPRIORITY | LOGIN_SETRESOURCES |
2058 LOGIN_SETLOGINCLASS | LOGIN_SETCPUMASK);