2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 * without specific prior written permission.
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 static const char copyright[] =
35 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
36 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/15/93";
43 static const char rcsid[] =
47 #include <sys/param.h>
48 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
50 #include <sys/mount.h>
51 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
70 #include <sys/reboot.h>
80 #include <login_cap.h>
84 #include "pathnames.h"
87 * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
89 #define GETTY_SPACING 5 /* N secs minimum getty spacing */
90 #define GETTY_SLEEP 30 /* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
91 #define GETTY_NSPACE 3 /* max. spacing count to bring reaction */
92 #define WINDOW_WAIT 3 /* wait N secs after starting window */
93 #define STALL_TIMEOUT 30 /* wait N secs after warning */
94 #define DEATH_WATCH 10 /* wait N secs for procs to die */
95 #define DEATH_SCRIPT 120 /* wait for 2min for /etc/rc.shutdown */
96 #define RESOURCE_RC "daemon"
97 #define RESOURCE_WINDOW "default"
98 #define RESOURCE_GETTY "default"
100 static void handle(sig_t, ...);
101 static void delset(sigset_t *, ...);
103 static void stall(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
104 static void warning(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
105 static void emergency(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
106 static void disaster(int);
107 static void badsys(int);
108 static void revoke_ttys(void);
109 static int runshutdown(void);
110 static char *strk(char *);
113 * We really need a recursive typedef...
114 * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
115 * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
117 typedef long (*state_func_t)(void);
118 typedef state_func_t (*state_t)(void);
120 static state_func_t single_user(void);
121 static state_func_t runcom(void);
122 static state_func_t read_ttys(void);
123 static state_func_t multi_user(void);
124 static state_func_t clean_ttys(void);
125 static state_func_t catatonia(void);
126 static state_func_t death(void);
127 static state_func_t death_single(void);
128 static state_func_t reroot(void);
129 static state_func_t reroot_phase_two(void);
131 static state_func_t run_script(const char *);
133 static enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
137 static int Reboot = FALSE;
138 static int howto = RB_AUTOBOOT;
141 static char *init_path_argv0;
143 static void transition(state_t);
144 static state_t requested_transition;
145 static state_t current_state = death_single;
147 static void open_console(void);
148 static const char *get_shell(void);
149 static void replace_init(char *path);
150 static void write_stderr(const char *message);
152 typedef struct init_session {
153 pid_t se_process; /* controlling process */
154 time_t se_started; /* used to avoid thrashing */
155 int se_flags; /* status of session */
156 #define SE_SHUTDOWN 0x1 /* session won't be restarted */
157 #define SE_PRESENT 0x2 /* session is in /etc/ttys */
158 #define SE_IFEXISTS 0x4 /* session defined as "onifexists" */
159 #define SE_IFCONSOLE 0x8 /* session defined as "onifconsole" */
160 int se_nspace; /* spacing count */
161 char *se_device; /* filename of port */
162 char *se_getty; /* what to run on that port */
163 char *se_getty_argv_space; /* pre-parsed argument array space */
164 char **se_getty_argv; /* pre-parsed argument array */
165 char *se_window; /* window system (started only once) */
166 char *se_window_argv_space; /* pre-parsed argument array space */
167 char **se_window_argv; /* pre-parsed argument array */
168 char *se_type; /* default terminal type */
169 struct init_session *se_prev;
170 struct init_session *se_next;
173 static void free_session(session_t *);
174 static session_t *new_session(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
175 static session_t *sessions;
177 static char **construct_argv(char *);
178 static void start_window_system(session_t *);
179 static void collect_child(pid_t);
180 static pid_t start_getty(session_t *);
181 static void transition_handler(int);
182 static void alrm_handler(int);
183 static void setsecuritylevel(int);
184 static int getsecuritylevel(void);
185 static int setupargv(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
187 static void setprocresources(const char *);
191 static int start_session_db(void);
192 static void add_session(session_t *);
193 static void del_session(session_t *);
194 static session_t *find_session(pid_t);
195 static DB *session_db;
198 * The mother of all processes.
201 main(int argc, char *argv[])
203 state_t initial_transition = runcom;
204 char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
209 /* Dispose of random users. */
211 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
213 /* System V users like to reexec init. */
215 #ifdef COMPAT_SYSV_INIT
216 /* So give them what they want */
218 if (strlen(argv[1]) == 1) {
219 char runlevel = *argv[1];
223 case '0': /* halt + poweroff */
226 case '1': /* single-user */
229 case '6': /* reboot */
232 case 'c': /* block further logins */
235 case 'q': /* rescan /etc/ttys */
238 case 'r': /* remount root */
248 errx(1, "invalid run-level ``%s''", argv[1]);
251 errx(1, "already running");
254 init_path_argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
255 if (init_path_argv0 == NULL)
259 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
260 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
262 openlog("init", LOG_CONS, LOG_AUTH);
265 * Create an initial session.
267 if (setsid() < 0 && (errno != EPERM || getsid(0) != 1))
268 warning("initial setsid() failed: %m");
271 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
272 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
274 if (setlogin("root") < 0)
275 warning("setlogin() failed: %m");
278 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
279 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
281 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dsfr")) != -1)
287 initial_transition = single_user;
290 runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
293 initial_transition = reroot_phase_two;
296 warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
301 warning("ignoring excess arguments");
304 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
305 * so that they get reset on exec.
307 handle(badsys, SIGSYS, 0);
308 handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGXCPU,
310 handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
311 SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, 0);
312 handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
314 delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
315 SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
316 SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, 0);
317 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
318 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
320 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
321 sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
322 sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
331 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_exec", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
332 replace_init(kenv_value);
333 _exit(0); /* reboot */
336 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_script", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
337 state_func_t next_transition;
339 if ((next_transition = run_script(kenv_value)) != NULL)
340 initial_transition = (state_t) next_transition;
343 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_chroot", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
344 if (chdir(kenv_value) != 0 || chroot(".") != 0)
345 warning("Can't chroot to %s: %m", kenv_value);
349 * Additional check if devfs needs to be mounted:
350 * If "/" and "/dev" have the same device number,
351 * then it hasn't been mounted yet.
358 root_devno = stst.st_dev;
359 if (stat("/dev", &stst) != 0)
360 warning("Can't stat /dev: %m");
361 else if (stst.st_dev == root_devno)
370 char _fstype[] = "fstype";
371 char _devfs[] = "devfs";
372 char _fspath[] = "fspath";
373 char _path_dev[]= _PATH_DEV;
375 iov[0].iov_base = _fstype;
376 iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(_fstype);
377 iov[1].iov_base = _devfs;
378 iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(_devfs);
379 iov[2].iov_base = _fspath;
380 iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(_fspath);
382 * Try to avoid the trailing slash in _PATH_DEV.
383 * Be *very* defensive.
385 s = strdup(_PATH_DEV);
388 if (i > 0 && s[i - 1] == '/')
391 iov[3].iov_len = strlen(s) + 1;
393 iov[3].iov_base = _path_dev;
394 iov[3].iov_len = sizeof(_path_dev);
401 if (initial_transition != reroot_phase_two) {
403 * Unmount reroot leftovers. This runs after init(8)
404 * gets reexecuted after reroot_phase_two() is done.
406 error = unmount(_PATH_REROOT, MNT_FORCE);
407 if (error != 0 && errno != EINVAL)
408 warning("Cannot unmount %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT);
412 * Start the state machine.
414 transition(initial_transition);
417 * Should never reach here.
423 * Associate a function with a signal handler.
426 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
430 sigset_t mask_everything;
432 va_start(ap, handler);
434 sa.sa_handler = handler;
435 sigfillset(&mask_everything);
437 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
438 sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
439 /* XXX SA_RESTART? */
440 sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
441 sigaction(sig, &sa, (struct sigaction *) 0);
447 * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
450 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
456 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
457 sigdelset(maskp, sig);
462 * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
463 * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
464 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
467 stall(const char *message, ...)
470 va_start(ap, message);
472 vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
474 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
478 * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
479 * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
480 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
483 warning(const char *message, ...)
486 va_start(ap, message);
488 vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
493 * Log an emergency message.
494 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
497 emergency(const char *message, ...)
500 va_start(ap, message);
502 vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
507 * Catch a SIGSYS signal.
509 * These may arise if a system does not support sysctl.
510 * We tolerate up to 25 of these, then throw in the towel.
515 static int badcount = 0;
523 * Catch an unexpected signal.
529 emergency("fatal signal: %s",
530 (unsigned)sig < NSIG ? sys_siglist[sig] : "unknown signal");
532 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
533 _exit(sig); /* reboot */
537 * Get the security level of the kernel.
540 getsecuritylevel(void)
542 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
543 int name[2], curlevel;
547 name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
548 len = sizeof curlevel;
549 if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
550 emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %s",
561 * Set the security level of the kernel.
564 setsecuritylevel(int newlevel)
566 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
567 int name[2], curlevel;
569 curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
570 if (newlevel == curlevel)
573 name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
574 if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
576 "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %s",
577 curlevel, newlevel, strerror(errno));
581 warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
588 * Change states in the finite state machine.
589 * The initial state is passed as an argument.
592 transition(state_t s)
597 current_state = (state_t) (*current_state)();
601 * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
602 * Only called by children of init after forking.
610 * Try to open /dev/console. Open the device with O_NONBLOCK to
611 * prevent potential blocking on a carrier.
613 revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
614 if ((fd = open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK)) != -1) {
615 (void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) & ~O_NONBLOCK);
616 if (login_tty(fd) == 0)
621 /* No luck. Log output to file if possible. */
622 if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
623 stall("cannot open null device.");
626 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
627 dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
630 fd = open(_PATH_INITLOG, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0644);
632 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
633 else if (fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
634 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
637 dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
643 static char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
645 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_shell", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0)
652 write_stderr(const char *message)
655 write(STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
659 read_file(const char *path, void **bufp, size_t *bufsizep)
667 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
669 emergency("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
673 error = fstat(fd, &sb);
675 emergency("fstat: %s", strerror(errno));
680 bufsize = sb.st_size;
681 buf = malloc(bufsize);
683 emergency("malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
688 nbytes = read(fd, buf, bufsize);
689 if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
690 emergency("read: %s", strerror(errno));
698 emergency("close: %s", strerror(errno));
710 create_file(const char *path, const void *buf, size_t bufsize)
715 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0700);
717 emergency("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
721 nbytes = write(fd, buf, bufsize);
722 if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
723 emergency("write: %s", strerror(errno));
730 emergency("close: %s", strerror(errno));
738 mount_tmpfs(const char *fspath)
746 memset(errmsg, 0, sizeof(errmsg));
747 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fstype",
748 __DECONST(void *, "tmpfs"), (size_t)-1);
749 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fspath",
750 __DECONST(void *, fspath), (size_t)-1);
751 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "errmsg",
752 errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
754 error = nmount(iov, iovlen, 0);
756 if (*errmsg != '\0') {
757 emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s: %s",
758 fspath, errmsg, strerror(errno));
760 emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s",
761 fspath, strerror(errno));
782 * Make sure nobody can interfere with our scheme.
783 * Ignore ESRCH, which can apparently happen when
784 * there are no processes to kill.
786 error = kill(-1, SIGKILL);
787 if (error != 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
788 emergency("kill(2) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
793 * Copy the init binary into tmpfs, so that we can unmount
794 * the old rootfs without committing suicide.
796 error = read_file(init_path_argv0, &buf, &bufsize);
799 error = mount_tmpfs(_PATH_REROOT);
802 error = create_file(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, buf, bufsize);
807 * Execute the temporary init.
809 execl(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, _PATH_REROOT_INIT, "-r", NULL);
810 emergency("cannot exec %s: %s", _PATH_REROOT_INIT, strerror(errno));
813 emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
815 return (state_func_t) single_user;
819 reroot_phase_two(void)
821 char init_path[PATH_MAX], *path, *path_component;
822 size_t init_path_len;
826 * Ask the kernel to mount the new rootfs.
828 error = reboot(RB_REROOT);
830 emergency("RB_REBOOT failed: %s", strerror(errno));
835 * Figure out where the destination init(8) binary is. Note that
836 * the path could be different than what we've started with. Use
837 * the value from kenv, if set, or the one from sysctl otherwise.
838 * The latter defaults to a hardcoded value, but can be overridden
839 * by a build time option.
841 nbytes = kenv(KENV_GET, "init_path", init_path, sizeof(init_path));
843 init_path_len = sizeof(init_path);
844 error = sysctlbyname("kern.init_path",
845 init_path, &init_path_len, NULL, 0);
847 emergency("failed to retrieve kern.init_path: %s",
854 * Repeat the init search logic from sys/kern/init_path.c
856 path_component = init_path;
857 while ((path = strsep(&path_component, ":")) != NULL) {
859 * Execute init(8) from the new rootfs.
861 execl(path, path, NULL);
863 emergency("cannot exec init from %s: %s", init_path, strerror(errno));
866 emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
867 return (state_func_t) single_user;
871 * Bring the system up single user.
881 struct timeval tv, tn;
885 static const char banner[] =
886 "Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n";
887 char *clear, *password;
894 /* Instead of going single user, let's reboot the machine */
896 if (reboot(howto) == -1) {
897 emergency("reboot(%#x) failed, %s", howto,
899 _exit(1); /* panic and reboot */
901 warning("reboot(%#x) returned", howto);
902 _exit(0); /* panic as well */
907 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
909 * Start the single user session.
915 * Check the root password.
916 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
917 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
919 typ = getttynam("console");
920 pp = getpwnam("root");
921 if (typ && (typ->ty_status & TTY_SECURE) == 0 &&
922 pp && *pp->pw_passwd) {
923 write_stderr(banner);
925 clear = getpass("Password:");
926 if (clear == NULL || *clear == '\0')
928 password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
929 bzero(clear, _PASSWORD_LEN);
930 if (password == NULL ||
931 strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
933 warning("single-user login failed\n");
945 #define SHREQUEST "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for "
946 write_stderr(SHREQUEST);
949 while ((num = read(STDIN_FILENO, cp, 1)) != -1 &&
950 num != 0 && *cp != '\n' && cp < &altshell[127])
953 if (altshell[0] != '\0')
956 #endif /* DEBUGSHELL */
960 * We catch all the interesting ones,
961 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
964 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
968 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
976 emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
977 execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
978 emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
979 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
985 * We are seriously hosed. Do our best.
987 emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
988 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
990 return (state_func_t) single_user;
993 requested_transition = 0;
995 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1000 warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
1001 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1003 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1004 warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
1008 } while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
1010 if (requested_transition)
1011 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1013 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1014 if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
1016 * reboot(8) killed shell?
1018 warning("single user shell terminated.");
1019 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1021 tv.tv_sec += STALL_TIMEOUT;
1022 while (tv.tv_sec > tn.tv_sec || (tv.tv_sec ==
1023 tn.tv_sec && tv.tv_usec > tn.tv_usec)) {
1025 gettimeofday(&tn, NULL);
1029 warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
1030 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1034 runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
1035 return (state_func_t) runcom;
1039 * Run the system startup script.
1044 state_func_t next_transition;
1046 if ((next_transition = run_script(_PATH_RUNCOM)) != NULL)
1047 return next_transition;
1049 runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT; /* the default */
1050 return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
1054 * Execute binary, replacing init(8) as PID 1.
1057 replace_init(char *path)
1066 execute_script(argv);
1070 * Run a shell script.
1071 * Returns 0 on success, otherwise the next transition to enter:
1072 * - single_user if fork/execv/waitpid failed, or if the script
1073 * terminated with a signal or exit code != 0.
1074 * - death_single if a SIGTERM was delivered to init(8).
1077 run_script(const char *script)
1083 struct sigaction sa;
1085 shell = get_shell();
1087 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1088 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1090 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1091 sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1092 sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1097 char _autoboot[] = "autoboot";
1100 argv[1] = __DECONST(char *, script);
1101 argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? _autoboot : 0;
1104 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1107 setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1111 * Try to directly execute the script first. If it
1112 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1113 * to sh(1). Don't complain if it fails because of
1114 * the missing execute bit.
1116 error = access(script, X_OK);
1118 execv(script, argv + 1);
1119 warning("can't exec %s: %m", script);
1120 } else if (errno != EACCES) {
1121 warning("can't access %s: %m", script);
1125 stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, script);
1126 _exit(1); /* force single user mode */
1130 emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, script);
1131 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1133 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1134 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1138 * Copied from single_user(). This is a bit paranoid.
1140 requested_transition = 0;
1142 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1143 collect_child(wpid);
1145 if (requested_transition == death_single ||
1146 requested_transition == reroot)
1147 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1150 warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1151 "single user mode", shell, script);
1152 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1154 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1155 warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1160 } while (wpid != pid);
1162 if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1163 requested_transition == catatonia) {
1164 /* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
1172 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1173 warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single "
1174 "user mode", shell, script);
1175 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1178 if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
1179 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1181 return (state_func_t) 0;
1185 * Open the session database.
1187 * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
1190 start_session_db(void)
1192 if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
1193 emergency("session database close: %s", strerror(errno));
1194 if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == NULL) {
1195 emergency("session database open: %s", strerror(errno));
1203 * Add a new login session.
1206 add_session(session_t *sp)
1211 key.data = &sp->se_process;
1212 key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1214 data.size = sizeof sp;
1216 if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
1217 emergency("insert %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
1221 * Delete an old login session.
1224 del_session(session_t *sp)
1228 key.data = &sp->se_process;
1229 key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1231 if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
1232 emergency("delete %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
1236 * Look up a login session by pid.
1239 find_session(pid_t pid)
1246 key.size = sizeof pid;
1247 if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
1249 bcopy(data.data, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret));
1254 * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
1257 construct_argv(char *command)
1260 char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
1263 if ((argv[argc++] = strk(command)) == NULL) {
1267 while ((argv[argc++] = strk((char *) 0)) != NULL)
1273 * Deallocate a session descriptor.
1276 free_session(session_t *sp)
1278 free(sp->se_device);
1281 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1282 free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1284 if (sp->se_window) {
1285 free(sp->se_window);
1286 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1287 free(sp->se_window_argv);
1295 * Allocate a new session descriptor.
1296 * Mark it SE_PRESENT.
1299 new_session(session_t *sprev, struct ttyent *typ)
1303 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1304 typ->ty_name == 0 ||
1308 sp = (session_t *) calloc(1, sizeof (session_t));
1310 sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1312 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFEXISTS) != 0)
1313 sp->se_flags |= SE_IFEXISTS;
1315 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFCONSOLE) != 0)
1316 sp->se_flags |= SE_IFCONSOLE;
1318 if (asprintf(&sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1321 if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1327 if (sprev == NULL) {
1331 sprev->se_next = sp;
1332 sp->se_prev = sprev;
1339 * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
1342 setupargv(session_t *sp, struct ttyent *typ)
1347 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1348 free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1350 if (asprintf(&sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1352 sp->se_getty_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_getty);
1353 sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1354 if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
1355 warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
1357 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1358 sp->se_getty = sp->se_getty_argv_space = 0;
1361 if (sp->se_window) {
1362 free(sp->se_window);
1363 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1364 free(sp->se_window_argv);
1366 sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1367 sp->se_window_argv = 0;
1368 if (typ->ty_window) {
1369 sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
1370 sp->se_window_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_window);
1371 sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1372 if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
1373 warning("can't parse window for port %s",
1375 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1376 free(sp->se_window);
1377 sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1383 sp->se_type = typ->ty_type ? strdup(typ->ty_type) : 0;
1388 * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1393 session_t *sp, *snext;
1397 * Destroy any previous session state.
1398 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1400 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1401 snext = sp->se_next;
1405 if (start_session_db())
1406 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1409 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1410 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1412 while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1413 if ((snext = new_session(sp, typ)) != NULL)
1418 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1422 * Start a window system running.
1425 start_window_system(session_t *sp)
1429 char term[64], *env[2];
1432 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1433 emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1435 /* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1439 waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
1443 /* reparent window process to the init to not make a zombie on exit */
1444 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1445 emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1453 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1456 emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1459 setprocresources(RESOURCE_WINDOW);
1462 /* Don't use malloc after fork */
1463 strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1464 strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1470 execve(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv, env);
1471 stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1472 sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1477 * Start a login session running.
1480 start_getty(session_t *sp)
1484 time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1486 char term[64], *env[2];
1488 if (current_time >= sp->se_started &&
1489 current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1490 if (++sp->se_nspace > GETTY_NSPACE) {
1498 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1500 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1501 emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1509 warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping %d secs",
1510 sp->se_device, GETTY_SLEEP);
1511 sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1514 if (sp->se_window) {
1515 start_window_system(sp);
1520 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1523 setprocresources(RESOURCE_GETTY);
1526 /* Don't use malloc after fork */
1527 strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1528 strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1533 execve(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv, env);
1534 stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1535 sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1540 * Return 1 if the session is defined as "onifexists"
1541 * or "onifconsole" and the device node does not exist.
1544 session_has_no_tty(session_t *sp)
1548 if ((sp->se_flags & SE_IFEXISTS) == 0 &&
1549 (sp->se_flags & SE_IFCONSOLE) == 0)
1552 fd = open(sp->se_device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
1554 if (errno == ENOENT)
1564 * Collect exit status for a child.
1565 * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1568 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1570 session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1575 if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1581 if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN ||
1582 session_has_no_tty(sp)) {
1583 if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1584 sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1586 sessions = sp->se_next;
1587 if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1588 snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1593 if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1594 /* serious trouble */
1595 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1599 sp->se_process = pid;
1600 sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1605 * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1608 transition_handler(int sig)
1613 if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1614 current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1615 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1618 howto = RB_POWEROFF;
1624 if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1625 current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1626 requested_transition = death;
1628 requested_transition = death_single;
1631 if (current_state == runcom || current_state == read_ttys ||
1632 current_state == clean_ttys ||
1633 current_state == multi_user || current_state == catatonia)
1634 requested_transition = catatonia;
1637 requested_transition = reroot;
1640 requested_transition = 0;
1646 * Take the system multiuser.
1654 requested_transition = 0;
1657 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1658 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1659 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1660 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1662 if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1663 setsecuritylevel(1);
1665 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1668 if (session_has_no_tty(sp))
1670 if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1671 /* serious trouble */
1672 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1675 sp->se_process = pid;
1676 sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1680 while (!requested_transition)
1681 if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1684 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1688 * This is an (n*2)+(n^2) algorithm. We hope it isn't run often...
1693 session_t *sp, *sprev;
1696 char *old_getty, *old_window, *old_type;
1699 * mark all sessions for death, (!SE_PRESENT)
1700 * as we find or create new ones they'll be marked as keepers,
1701 * we'll later nuke all the ones not found in /etc/ttys
1703 for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next)
1704 sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1706 devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1707 while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1708 for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1709 if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1713 /* we want this one to live */
1714 sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1715 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1716 typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1717 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1718 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1721 sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1722 old_getty = sp->se_getty ? strdup(sp->se_getty) : 0;
1723 old_window = sp->se_window ? strdup(sp->se_window) : 0;
1724 old_type = sp->se_type ? strdup(sp->se_type) : 0;
1725 if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1726 warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1728 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1729 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1731 else if ( !old_getty
1732 || (!old_type && sp->se_type)
1733 || (old_type && !sp->se_type)
1734 || (!old_window && sp->se_window)
1735 || (old_window && !sp->se_window)
1736 || (strcmp(old_getty, sp->se_getty) != 0)
1737 || (old_window && strcmp(old_window, sp->se_window) != 0)
1738 || (old_type && strcmp(old_type, sp->se_type) != 0)
1740 /* Don't set SE_SHUTDOWN here */
1743 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1754 new_session(sprev, typ);
1760 * sweep through and kill all deleted sessions
1761 * ones who's /etc/ttys line was deleted (SE_PRESENT unset)
1763 for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next) {
1764 if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1765 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1766 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1770 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1774 * Block further logins.
1781 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1782 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1784 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1791 alrm_handler(int sig)
1799 * Bring the system down to single user.
1807 /* Temporarily block suspend. */
1808 len = sizeof(blocked);
1810 if (sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", &blocked, &len,
1811 &block, sizeof(block)) == -1)
1815 * Also revoke the TTY here. Because runshutdown() may reopen
1816 * the TTY whose getty we're killing here, there is no guarantee
1817 * runshutdown() will perform the initial open() call, causing
1818 * the terminal attributes to be misconfigured.
1822 /* Try to run the rc.shutdown script within a period of time */
1825 /* Unblock suspend if we blocked it. */
1827 sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", NULL, NULL,
1828 &blocked, sizeof(blocked));
1830 return (state_func_t) death_single;
1834 * Do what is necessary to reinitialize single user mode or reboot
1835 * from an incomplete state.
1842 static const int death_sigs[2] = { SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1844 revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
1846 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
1847 if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1848 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1853 if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1855 while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1857 if (errno == ECHILD)
1858 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1861 warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1863 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1871 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1872 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1873 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1874 revoke(sp->se_device);
1879 * Run the system shutdown script.
1881 * Exit codes: XXX I should document more
1882 * -2 shutdown script terminated abnormally
1883 * -1 fatal error - can't run script
1885 * >0 some error (exit code)
1892 int shutdowntimeout;
1896 struct sigaction sa;
1900 * rc.shutdown is optional, so to prevent any unnecessary
1901 * complaints from the shell we simply don't run it if the
1902 * file does not exist. If the stat() here fails for other
1903 * reasons, we'll let the shell complain.
1905 if (stat(_PATH_RUNDOWN, &sb) == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
1908 shell = get_shell();
1910 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1911 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1913 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1914 sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1915 sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
1920 char _reboot[] = "reboot";
1921 char _single[] = "single";
1922 char _path_rundown[] = _PATH_RUNDOWN;
1925 argv[1] = _path_rundown;
1926 argv[2] = Reboot ? _reboot : _single;
1929 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1932 setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1936 * Try to directly execute the script first. If it
1937 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1938 * to sh(1). Don't complain if it fails because of
1939 * the missing execute bit.
1941 error = access(_path_rundown, X_OK);
1943 execv(_path_rundown, argv + 1);
1944 warning("can't exec %s: %m", _path_rundown);
1945 } else if (errno != EACCES) {
1946 warning("can't access %s: %m", _path_rundown);
1950 warning("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1951 _exit(1); /* force single user mode */
1955 emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1956 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1958 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1962 len = sizeof(shutdowntimeout);
1963 if (sysctlbyname("kern.init_shutdown_timeout", &shutdowntimeout, &len,
1964 NULL, 0) == -1 || shutdowntimeout < 2)
1965 shutdowntimeout = DEATH_SCRIPT;
1966 alarm(shutdowntimeout);
1969 * Copied from single_user(). This is a bit paranoid.
1970 * Use the same ALRM handler.
1973 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1974 collect_child(wpid);
1976 /* we were waiting for the sub-shell */
1977 kill(wpid, SIGTERM);
1978 warning("timeout expired for %s on %s: %m; going to "
1979 "single user mode", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1985 warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1986 "single user mode", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1989 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1990 warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1991 shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1995 } while (wpid != pid && !clang);
1997 /* Turn off the alarm */
2000 if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
2001 requested_transition == catatonia) {
2003 * /etc/rc.shutdown executed /sbin/reboot;
2004 * wait for the end quietly
2013 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
2014 warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to "
2015 "single user mode", shell, _PATH_RUNDOWN);
2019 if ((status = WEXITSTATUS(status)) != 0)
2020 warning("%s returned status %d", _PATH_RUNDOWN, status);
2038 while (c == ' ' || c == '\t' )
2048 while (c && c != '\'')
2050 if (!c) /* unterminated string */
2055 while (c && c != ' ' && c != '\t' )
2066 setprocresources(const char *cname)
2069 if ((lc = login_getclassbyname(cname, NULL)) != NULL) {
2070 setusercontext(lc, (struct passwd*)NULL, 0,
2071 LOGIN_SETPRIORITY | LOGIN_SETRESOURCES |
2072 LOGIN_SETLOGINCLASS | LOGIN_SETCPUMASK);